CN102313626B - Online dynamic balance head of liquid type high-speed rotor and technological embodiment thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an online dynamic balance head of a liquid type high-speed rotor and a technological embodiment thereof. The online dynamic balance head comprises a balance head body (2), seal rings (4), a micro peristaltic pump (5), hoses, a bolt, a motor (18), a front end cover (22), a rear end cover (12), an air exhaust joint (23), a battery pack (19), and a detection and control system; the balance head body (2) is fastened with a rotor shaft (1) through a third screw (16), and the end face of the balance head body (2) is provided with four or more liquid storage chambers (3) which are arranged in a central symmetry manner and are consistent in size; water or other liquid of which the volume accounts for half that of the volume of each liquid storage chamber (3) is filled into each liquid storage chamber (3), and two opposite liquid storage chambers (3) are communicated through hoses by means of the micro peristaltic pump (5) capable of working in a bidirectional and leakless manner; and each seal ring (4) is located in a fifth groove (25) on the periphery of each liquid storage chamber (3). In the invention, the micro peristaltic pump (5) is used for precisely regulating and balancing weight distribution in a plane to realize online dynamic balance, and the online dynamic balance head has the characteristics of simple structure, fast response, high precision, wide application prospect and the like.

Description

Liquid type high speed rotor online dynamic balancing head

technical field

The invention relates to an online dynamic balancing head for a rotor, in particular to an online dynamic balancing head for a liquid-type high-speed rotor.

Background technique

High-speed rotor is one of the most critical components in high-speed rotating machinery, especially in high-speed processing machine tools. Its rotation accuracy has a crucial impact on the processing performance and reliability of the entire machine tool. During the manufacturing and assembly process of high-speed rotors, the center of mass and the center of rotation will inevitably be inconsistent due to uneven material, processing and assembly errors, etc. In this way, when the rotor rotates at a high speed, a dynamic imbalance will occur. The dynamic unbalance of rotor rotation is one of the main causes of machine tool vibration, noise, bearing heating and other phenomena. The higher the rotor speed, the greater the adverse effects caused by unbalance. In order to eliminate the imbalance in the process of rotor rotation in real time, online dynamic balancing technology must be adopted.

In the past few decades, various online rotor balancing techniques and methods have been proposed. In principle, there are mainly two methods: adding weight or removing weight, and balancing the head. The method of adding weight or removing weight is to directly add weight or remove weight on the rotor according to the size and phase of the measured rotor unbalance, so as to change the mass distribution in the rotor balance plane and achieve the purpose of online dynamic balance. The more typical ones are laser weight removal method and high-speed thermal spray weighting method. The laser weight removal method is to use laser to remove material on the place with more mass on the rotor, so as to realize the online dynamic balance of the rotor. Its defect is that it affects the surface quality of the rotor and reduces its fatigue limit, shortens the life of the rotor system, and also forms splashed metal particles and steam, causing environmental pollution and endangering the health of operators. On the other hand, the laser beam can only vaporize a small amount of metal each time, so the balance ability is limited, and it is generally only suitable for the balance of small mechanisms such as dental drills and gyroscopes. The high-speed thermal injection weighting method uses the principle of thermal injection to inject a viscous substance to the part with less mass on the rotor to achieve online dynamic balance of the rotor. Its defect is that the large impact generated by the injection will produce a new unbalance, and the adhesion of the injection material to the rotor will seriously affect the surface quality of the rotor; in addition, due to the limitation of the injection speed, it is only suitable for low-speed rotors, and its process is complicated , high cost, difficult to popularize and apply. The balance head method is to attach one or more balance heads to the rotor. On the basis of precise detection of the dynamic unbalance of the rotor, the online dynamic balance of the rotor is realized by changing the mass distribution in the balance head in real time. At present, the balance heads that have been deeply studied and applied mainly include liquid balance heads, gas balance heads, motor-driven balance heads, electromagnetic drive balance heads and purely mechanical balance heads.

The liquid balance head first seen in the US patent US3950897 uses a spray gun to spray a small amount of liquid from the outside into the cavity of the balance head to realize the change of the mass distribution state in the balance plane. It has simple structure and low cost, and is mainly used for online dynamic balancing of grinding wheels. The disadvantage is that the liquid will be scattered outside the balance head, and the environment will be greatly affected; the volatilization of the liquid in the cavity limits the efficiency and effect of its balance; and if one cavity is filled with liquid, the online balance will be forced to stop; the other On the one hand, after the shutdown, the liquid will flow out from the open cavity, and the balance accuracy will be lost.

The gas dynamic balance head is composed of four fan-shaped sealed chambers, which communicate with each other in pairs, and there are heating rods and Ha1on1202 medium in the chambers. The Halon medium changes from liquid to gas after being heated, enters another cavity through the pipeline, and returns to liquid after being cooled, thereby realizing the adjustment of the center of mass position in the equilibrium plane. The balance head has slow response and limited balancing ability, and is only suitable for balancing low-speed small mechanisms, and has high technical requirements and cost, making popularization and application difficult. In addition, Halon will destroy the ozone layer.

The motor-driven balancing head was first proposed by Vande Vegte of the University of Toronto in Canada in 1964. It uses a motor as a power source and uses transmission mechanisms such as gears, screws or worm gears to realize real-time migration of mass in the balance plane. The domestic invention patent publication number is the mechanical rotor automatic balancing head of CN101266182A also belongs to the motor-driven balancing head. This type of balancing head has a complex structure, requires external energy supply, has a short service life, and is poor in practicability.

The electromagnetic drive balance head is driven by electromagnetic force to realize the migration of mass in the balance plane, and is mainly composed of a fixed coil and a rotating part. The rotating electromagnetic force generated when the fixed coil is energized drives the change of the position of the correction mass fixedly connected with the rotating part, and realizes the online dynamic balance of the entire rotating system.

The purely mechanical dynamic balancing head was successfully developed by Zhang Jiaqing and others from Zhejiang University in 2006. It consists of a rotating part firmly connected to the rotor, a stationary part fixed on the base and an automatic feeding device. It uses a small steel ball as the calibration mass. When the rotor is unbalanced, the automatic feeding device puts a steel ball into a corresponding steel ball inlet above the stationary part. The steel ball rolls into the corresponding cavity on the rotating part through a specific channel inside the stationary part, thereby changing the mass distribution in the balance plane of the rotating part. The balancing head has complex structure and large volume, and is not suitable for high-speed rotors.

It can be seen that the existing various rotor online dynamic balancing devices and technologies have more or less problems such as low balancing accuracy, complex structure, high cost, inconvenient energy supply, poor environmental compatibility, and not suitable for high-speed rotors, etc. insufficient. These have seriously restricted the further development of high-speed rotor applications.

Contents of the invention

Based on the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a liquid-type high-speed rotor online dynamic balancing head. It mainly consists of balance head body 2, front end cover 22, rear end cover 12, sealing ring 4, miniature peristaltic pump 5, motor 18, first hose 6, second hose 7, third hose 9, fourth hose Tube 10, first screw 11, second screw 15, third screw 16, fourth screw 20, battery pack 19, air extraction joint 23, detection and control system. The detection and control system mainly includes a measurement sensor 26 , a signal acquisition module 27 , a wireless signal transmission module 28 , a signal reception module 29 , a signal processing module 30 , a motor drive module 31 and a power supply module 32 .

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the disc-shaped balancing head body 2 is set on the rotor shaft 1 and fastened by the third screw 16 . On one end surface of the balance head body 2, there are four or more liquid storage chambers 3 arranged centrally symmetrically and having the same shape and size. Equivalently fill the water or other liquids whose volume is half of its volume in the liquid storage chamber 3 . The two opposite liquid storage chambers 3 are communicated by a micro peristaltic pump 5 through flexible pipes. The sealing ring 4 is located in the fifth groove 25 on the periphery of the liquid storage chamber 3 on the end surface of the balance head body 2 . The balance head body 2 is fixedly connected with the front end cover 22 and the rear end cover 12 by the first screw 11 . At the corresponding position of each liquid storage chamber 3 on the front end cover 22, there is an air extraction joint 23 fastened by screw connection. Two or more miniature peristaltic pumps 5 that are symmetrically arranged in both directions and can work without leakage are fixedly connected in the third groove 21 on the end surface of the balance head body 2 through the fourth screw 20 . The shaft of motor 18 is fixedly connected with miniature peristaltic pump 5. All the hoses are located in corresponding fourth grooves 24 on the end face of the balancing head body 2 . Sealant is used to seal between the outer circular surface of the hose end and the fourth groove 24 . One end of the hose is connected with the miniature peristaltic pump 5 , and the other end is connected with the outlet 8 of the liquid storage chamber. The outlet 8 of the liquid storage chamber is located radially outside the liquid storage chamber 3 . The measuring sensor 26 , signal collecting module 27 and wireless signal transmitting module 28 are all outside the balance head, while the signal receiving module 29 , signal processing module 30 and motor driving module 31 are all integrated in the circuit board 13 . The circuit board 13 is fixedly connected in the first groove 14 on the end surface of the balance head body 2 through the second screw 15 . The battery pack 19 in the power module 32 is fastened in the second groove 17 on the end surface of the balance head body 2 .

The liquid-type high-speed rotor online dynamic balancing head proposed by the present invention is based on the non-leakage micro peristaltic pump technology, which has the characteristics of small size, simple structure, fast response, high balance precision, and easy installation; the scheme of wireless data transmission and built-in power supply is greatly simplified The complexity of signal and energy transmission in the existing technology; the fully sealed structure design can keep the internal liquid from volatilization and no leakage, ensuring its environmental friendliness, and making its balance accuracy not affected by startup and shutdown. Therefore, the application prospect is broad.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the online dynamic balancing head of the liquid-type high-speed rotor according to the present invention without the front cover.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of A-A in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of A in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a technical implementation block diagram of the detection and control system of the liquid-type high-speed rotor online dynamic balancing head according to the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the micro peristaltic pump.

In the figure, 1. Rotor shaft, 2. Balance head body, 3. Liquid storage chamber, 4. Seal ring, 5. Micro peristaltic pump, 6. First hose, 7. Second hose, 8. Liquid storage chamber Outlet, 9. Third hose, 10. Fourth hose, 11. First screw, 12. Rear end cap, 13. Circuit board, 14. First groove, 15. Second screw, 16. Third Screw, 17. Second groove, 18. Motor, 19. Battery pack, 20. Fourth screw, 21. Third groove, 22. Front cover, 23. Air extraction joint, 24. Fourth groove, 25. The fifth groove, 26. Measuring sensor, 27. Signal acquisition module, 28. Wireless signal transmitting module, 29. Wireless signal receiving module, 30. Signal processing module, 31. Motor drive module, 32. Power supply module, 33 . pump body, 34. pump tube, 35. pump rotor.

Implementation

Further description will be given below through examples and accompanying drawings.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, first in each liquid storage chamber 3, an equal amount of water or other liquids with a volume of about half of its volume is filled, and the water in the liquid storage chamber 3 is drained through the suction joint 23. Air is drawn out to maintain negative pressure. Then the dynamic balancing head is fastened on the rotor shaft 1 through the third screw 16, and rotates at high speed together with the rotor. When the rotor is dynamically unbalanced, the measuring sensor 26 measures the amplitude and phase of the dynamic unbalance in real time. After the signal is collected and preprocessed by the signal collection module 27 , it is transmitted to the signal processing module 30 inside the balance head through the wireless signal transmission module 28 and the signal reception module 29 . The signal processing module 30 determines the amount and direction of mass migration in the equilibrium plane according to a predetermined control algorithm. The motor driving module 31 drives one or more motors 18 to rotate a certain number of revolutions in a specific direction according to the output result of the signal processing module 30 . The miniature peristaltic pump 5, which can work bidirectionally without leakage, is driven by the motor 18 to pump the liquid through the hose from the liquid storage chamber on the weight-biased position in the balance plane to the other corresponding liquid storage chamber without leakage, and the balance plane The precise control of internal mass distribution realizes online dynamic balancing of high-speed rotors.

The principle of the control algorithm is as follows: As shown in Figure 1, assuming that the direction of the liquid pumped by the micro peristaltic pump 5 is consistent with its direction of rotation, and the quality of the pumped liquid per revolution is 1 gram, if the measured rotor dynamic unbalance The phase is on the middle section of reservoirs I and III, and the position of reservoir I is biased by 10 grams. The motor drive module 31 drives the motor 18 connected to the liquid storage chambers I and III to drive the micro peristaltic pump 5 fixedly connected to it to rotate counterclockwise for 5 revolutions, and 5 grams of liquid in the liquid storage chamber of the I will migrate to the liquid storage of the III Indoor, so as to realize the online dynamic balance of the rotor. If the phase of the dynamic unbalance of the rotor is 90 degrees (assuming that the horizontal direction is 0 degrees to the right), and the weight is 10 grams, then the motor drive module 31 drives two motors that are respectively communicated with No. I and No. III, and No. II and No. IV fluid storage chambers 18 and drive two miniature peristaltic pumps 5 that are firmly connected with it to rotate 2.5 counterclockwise. When the dynamic unbalance is in other phases, the two miniature peristaltic pumps 5 are respectively driven to rotate for a specific number of revolutions according to the interpolation or fuzzy algorithm, so as to realize the online dynamic balance of the rotor.

Claims (1)

1. A liquid-type high-speed rotor online dynamic balancing head is characterized in that: it mainly consists of a balancing head body (2), a front end cover (22), a rear end cover (12), a sealing ring (4), a miniature peristaltic pump (5 ), motor (18), first hose (6), second hose (7), third hose (9), fourth hose (10), first screw (11), second screw ( 15), the third screw (16), the fourth screw (20), the battery pack (19), the air extraction joint (23), the detection and control system; the disc-shaped balancing head body (2) passes the third screw (16) fastened on the rotor shaft (1); the balance head body (2) and the front end cover (22) and the rear end cover (12) are all fixedly connected by the first screw (11); the balance head body (2) There are four or more liquid storage chambers (3) arranged centrally symmetrically, with the same shape and size on one end face; the liquid storage chamber (3) is equally filled with water or other liquids whose volume is about half of its volume; the opposite The two liquid storage chambers (3) are connected by a micro peristaltic pump (5) that can work bidirectionally without leakage through a hose; the outlet of the liquid storage chamber (8) is located on the radially outer side of the liquid storage chamber (3); the sealing ring ( 4) Located in the fifth groove (25) on the periphery of the liquid storage chamber (3) on the end surface of the balance head body (2); the shaft of the motor (18) is firmly connected to the micro peristaltic pump (5); The corresponding fourth groove (24) on the end face of the head body (2); the outer circular surface of the hose end and the fourth groove (24) are sealed by sealant; one end of the hose is connected to the micro peristaltic pump ( 5) are connected, and the other end is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage chamber (8); the detection and control system consists of a measuring sensor (26), a signal acquisition module (27), a wireless signal transmitting module (28), a signal receiving module (29), a signal processing module (30), motor drive module (31) and power supply module (32); wherein measurement sensor (26), signal acquisition module (27) and wireless signal transmission module (28) are all outside the balance head, and the signal The receiving module (29), the signal processing module (30) and the motor drive module (31) are all integrated in the circuit board (13); the circuit board (13) is fixedly connected to the balance head body (2) through the second screw (15) In the first groove (14) on the end face; the battery pack (19) in the power module (32) is fastened and installed in the second groove (17) on the balance head body (2).

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