CN102310459B - Method for manufacturing high-intensity hollow building blocks from fly ash and mountain flour, and product - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing high-intensity hollow building blocks from fly ash and mountain flour, and product Download PDFInfo
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- CN102310459B CN102310459B CN2010102180477A CN201010218047A CN102310459B CN 102310459 B CN102310459 B CN 102310459B CN 2010102180477 A CN2010102180477 A CN 2010102180477A CN 201010218047 A CN201010218047 A CN 201010218047A CN 102310459 B CN102310459 B CN 102310459B
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- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing hollow building blocks by using a large amount of fly ash and mountain flour as major aggregates, and a product. Artificial coarse aggregates with the weight percent being 30 percent to 45 percent are added into forming raw materials of the hollow building blocks, and a preparation method for the artificial coarse aggregates comprises the following steps of: (1) adding water into the following materials in percent by weight: 80 percent to 90 percent of combined materials of the fly ash and the mountain flour, 3 percent to 6 percent of aggregates with the particle diameter smaller than or equal to 5mm, 1 percent to 3 percent of curing agents and 3.5 percent to 5 percent of silicate and uniformly mixing and stirring the materials to obtain mixed materials with the water content being 18 percent to 22 percent; (2) pressing the mixed materials obtained in the first step in a pressure device at the pressure intensity greater than 8.5Mpa to obtain the particles with the regular geometrical shapes, wherein the particle grain of the particles is 10mm to 25mm; and (3) carrying out curing maintenance on the particles obtained in the second step for 48 to 72 hours in the environment with the temperature being 35 DEG C to 65 DEG C and the relative humidity being 80 percent to 95 percent to obtain the artificial coarse aggregates.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-intensity building block, especially a kind ofly take the building-block that flyash and stone flour make as main component.
Background technology
China has stepped into industrial power, the resources such as generated energy, iron and steel, cement, industrial goods output the first in the world that energy resource consumption is large, for the manufacturing No.1 big country in the world today, the electric power of China mainly adopts the coal generating, therefore the flyash discharge capacity is large, rock material resource stores relatively abundant, and processing of stone is also mainly in China, to carry out, and the discharge capacity of waste stone dust is large.
Waste coal slag, flyash and the stone mining of industrial and mining enterprises and process remaining stone powder, it is environmentally hazardous excess, traditional utilizes the method majority for filling the earthwork, paving the way, and for cement roasting and air entrained concrete and building block use, the narrow consumption of purposes is few on a small quantity.Due to coal ash, cinder these powder grains after burning carefully lightly float, though residual a small amount of metal oxide, but hardness, intensity is low, it is added in building block and uses as new walling, can't meet the walling technical standard that improves constantly upgrading, particularly load bearing wall building block, modern load bearing wall to the requirement of building block all at anti-pressure ability >=10MPa, and make a general survey of the Patents technology of having delivered, greatly part is in the 5MPa left and right, the highest is 7.5MPa only, and traditional reuse technology, after addition when flyash in building block surpasses 20%, the intensity of baking-free building block and every important performance indexes obviously descend.
The building materials such as the various walling units that promotion is used now, fragment of brick, all require to reach energy-saving and emission-reduction and environment-friendly function, and " unburned " is undoubtedly one of best production ways.In fact, modern synthetic technology may be produced various high strength, multi-functional new walling fully, but is subject to the manufacturing cost restriction, can't use on a large scale.Therefore, the building block that the cement of take is aggregate as the coagulation material sandstone is still the low-carbon (LC) production method of most economical material benefit, but at present in order to tackle problems such as saving the energy, environmental pollution and waste recovery, so the appearance of various manufactured aggregates has been arranged, such as cinder, slag, haydite, expanded perlite etc., the haydite that flyash, cinder makes as primary raw material of particularly take is widely used in various building blocks, but haydite still exists, intensity is low, water absorption rate is large, production efficiency is low, cost is high and still have the problems such as environmental pollution in the production sintering process.
On the other hand, building-block in the market, major part is the product of the 80s and 90s in last century, backward and out-of-date, especially outer walling exists contradiction and the disappearance that can't overcome at all.In specification, quality, structure, function aspects, seriously lag behind the Architectural Design Requirements of contemporary develop rapidly, this is just old fogey, solid clay brick has stayed position and the space of " survival ".For example, the square groove cement calcine-free building-block of existing 390mm * 190mm * 190mm specification, over 23 years as before, its defect one, too heavy, wall thickness is too thin, difficult seat slurry, intensity is low, easily broken, difficulty is controlled.Its defect two, the length of 390mm * 190mm and wide disproportionate, can't form the building blocks effect, the 190mm height is when building a wall, the gap that 10mm is arranged between building block interconnects, add the 190mm height, can't fill up mortar fully, and then cause the fraud of infiltration, can't overcome its defect three, China's cool temperature zone is wide to the region, subtropical zone, outer load bearing wall specification has 480mm, 370mm, 240mm, tetra-kinds of thickness of 200mm substantially, no matter adopts which kind of calculating standard, all embarrasses this specification of 390mm * 190mm * 190mm to find the position of " sitting in the right seat ".Existing product specification and real building requirements so disconnect, and by contrast, clay brick is mixed, the reason that Here it is exists " remaining incessant after repeated prohibition ".Other are such as " forbid self-unloading ", the punching of can't slotting, water absorption rate is high, the internal injury crack, percentage of damage is high, the defect of reality that freeze proof anti-shearing force is poor etc. exists for a long time, makes the people which be difficult to find locate senior villa or high buildings and large mansions are external application load-bearing walling by its use, on the contrary at masonries such as simple bungalow, enclosure wall, pigsty, sheep hurdle, is seen everywhere.
In recent years, the clay that 235mm * 115mm * 90mm occurred is again fired and the burn-free cement porous brick.Fire porous clay brick except slightly alleviating some body of wall deadweights, other performances even also slightly are inferior to solid clay brick, and its damage soil, waste energy and contaminated environment, many drawbacks such as technique falls behind, and size and quality are changeable total number are inherited, unmatchful than being worth.The new burn-free cement porous brick of releasing still adopts the specification of fired clay brick 235mm * 115mm * 90mm, due to width, length restriction, for reaching and surpassing 25% hollow rate, causing outer walling wall thickness is only the 20mm left and right, greatly trampled " bottom line " as external application load bearing wall defined >=30mm thickness, certainly, also just therefore lost the condition of load-bearing; In addition, its length and width specification also is difficult to meet whole nation requirement to four kinds of thickness of wall body in south by north, more can't meet properties of product and the index of the many strict demands of load-bearing exterior wall, and major part is applied as the internal partition wall material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of building-block that is added with the high-strength artificial coarse aggregate is provided.
For this reason, a kind of building-block provided by the invention is characterized in that: be added with weight ratio in its shaping raw material and be 30%～45% artificial coarse aggregate, the preparation method of described artificial coarse aggregate comprises the steps:
(1), the combination material of the flyash that is 80%～90% by weight ratio and stone powder, the rubble of particle diameter≤5mm that weight ratio is 3%～6%, the curing agent that weight ratio is 1%～3%, the portland cement that weight ratio is 3.5%～5% add the water mixing and stirring, makes water content at 18%～22% compound;
(2), the compound obtained in step (1) is pressed into to the particle with regular geometric shapes with the pressure that is greater than 8.5Mpa in pressure apparatus, the particle diameter of particle is 10mm～25mm;
(3), by the particle that obtains in step (2), in temperature, be to solidify maintenance 24～72 hours under 35 ℃～65 ℃, the relative humidity environment that is 80%～95%, make artificial coarse aggregate.
Further, also be added with the strong fiber that weight ratio is 0.5%～1.5% in described shaping raw material.
Further, described step (1) comprises that in advance curing agent being added to water is mixed with the step of aqueous solution of curing agent and, by after flyash and stone powder mixing and stirring, adds successively the step of aqueous solution of curing agent, rubble and portland cement with the certain hour interval under continuous stirring.
Further, the sodium metasilicate that the calcium oxide that described curing agent is 50% by weight ratio and weight ratio are 50% forms.
Further, the particle that described step (2) makes is spheroid, cube, cylinder, drum type body.
Further, described flyash or stone powder account for 30%～60% of described flyash and stone powder combination material weight ratio.
Further, described building-block is formed with and vertically runs through end face and bottom surface, centrosymmetric two slotted eyes, and the end face of building block and bottom surface are formed with respectively recessed mortar pin groove.
Further, described building-block is of a size of 350mm * 175mm * 150mm or 460mm * 230mm * 150mm, and as the thinnest part thickness >=32mm of exterior wall walling building block, as interior wall walling thinnest part thickness >=20mm.
Further, described building-block is added with 30%～35% described artificial coarse aggregate, is added with 40%～45% described artificial coarse aggregate as the interior wall walling as the exterior wall walling.
Further, described building-block is of a size of 230mm * 110mm * 110mm, as interior wall walling thinnest part thickness >=26mm.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1), adopt in building-block provided by the invention the artificial coarse aggregate that is added with 30%～45%, and artificial coarse aggregate is that to take flyash and stone powder be primary raw material, so not only greatly improve the recovery utilization rate of flyash, cinder and stone powder, and reduced environmental pollution.
(2), artificial coarse aggregate is the minimizing that regular geometry, specific area and its raw material contrasts ten thousand times of thousandfolds, can be convenient to give full play to like this effect of cement in subsequent applications, save the consumption of cement, and changed the specific area that is difficult to calculate powder in the prior art fully, be difficult to accurate stable and control various material reaction effects, and then be difficult to realize the consequence of improving the quality of products.
(3), artificial coarse aggregate is compressing with the pressure that is greater than 8.5Mpa, and be to solidify maintenance 48～72 hours under 35 ℃～65 ℃, the relative humidity environment that is 85%～95% in temperature, can make so artificial coarse aggregate there is higher hardness and density, more than its compression strength can reach 7.5Mpa, thereby improve integral hardness and the density of building-block, thereby improve the compression strength of building-block.
(4), the stone powder major part is the comminuted powder without the stone material of weathering decomposition, matrix is still the quartzy proterties of silicate character, with cement, good affinity is arranged, therefore, artificial coarse aggregate is the sand material of " be close to and return ", can improve greatly consolidating of cement and pretend use, and not lose manufacture intensity.
(5), the hollow hole of building-block provided by the invention is slotted eye, with the circular port of prior art, compare, the present invention can increase considerably the hollow rate of building block on the basis that guarantees building block thinnest part Thickness Design parameter request, hollow rate can reach more than 40%, thereby alleviates wall weight, the saving energy.
(6), end face and the bottom surface of building-block provided by the invention be formed with respectively recessed mortar pin groove, can make building block hold to greatest extent mortar, prevents that mortar runs off, and improves the intensity of body of wall.
(7), the size of building-block provided by the invention is divided into 350mm * 175mm * 150mm, 460mm * 230mm * 150mm and 230mm * 110mm * 110mm, applicable to thickness, be that the standard bodies of wall such as 370mm, 200mm, 480mm, 240mm and 120mm are used, and need to set the addition of artificial coarse aggregate in the building block raw material and the thinnest part thickness of building block according to the application body of wall of building block, adapt to and use and make flexible and changeable hommization requirement.
(8), add the strong fiber that weight ratio is 0.5%～1.5% in the raw material of building-block, can increase binding strength and toughness in the material of building block, help the shock resistance of strong building block.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is end face view of the present invention.
The A-A that Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 is to cutaway view.
The specific embodiment
Building-block provided by the invention, be added with artificial coarse aggregate and strong fiber in its shaping raw material, concrete, shaping raw material comprises aggregate, cement, curing agent etc., its concrete composition and content are known prior art, the artificial coarse aggregate that the present invention adds is added as aggregate, therefore, in shaping raw material, the amount of aggregate is answered corresponding minimizing, to hold artificial coarse aggregate, and the addition of strong fiber reduces, can not form the considerable influence on concrete proportioning to other shaping raw materials.
Strong fiber comprises artificial strong fiber and natural strong fiber, and concrete artificial strong fiber comprises terylene, polyamide fibre, polypropylene fibre, pretty synthetic fibre, vinylon etc., and natural strong fiber comprises jute, American aloe, ramie etc.
Shown in seeing figures.1.and.2, the shape of building-block provided by the invention is roughly cuboid, be formed with and vertically run through end face and bottom surface and centrosymmetric two slotted eyes 2, the end face of building block and bottom surface are formed with respectively recessed mortar pin groove 1, mortar pin groove 1 comprises the twice that are positioned at the upper and lower side of slotted eye and extend along the building block length direction, and its cross section is circular arc.
The concrete size of building-block can be made 350mm * 175mm * 150mm, 460mm * 230mm * 150mm and 230mm * 110mm * 110mm equal-specification according to the thickness requirement of different bodies of wall, the large I of slotted eye 2 requires to be arranged to different sizes according to the load-bearing of different bodies of wall, the building-block that is of a size of 350mm * 175m * 150mm and 460mm * 230mm * 150mm of take is example, as the thinnest part thickness >=32mm of exterior wall walling building block, as interior wall walling thinnest part thickness >=20mm.
Load-bearing requirement for different bodies of wall, in building-block, the addition of artificial coarse aggregate is also different, or the building-block that is of a size of 350mm * 175mm * 150mm and 400mm * 230mm * 150mm of take is example, as the exterior wall walling, the artificial coarse aggregate addition of building-block is 30%, the addition of strong fiber is 1.5%; As the interior wall walling, the artificial coarse aggregate addition of building-block is 40%, the addition of strong fiber is 1%.
For the building-block of different size size, add the particle diameter difference of artificial coarse aggregate, the building-block of concrete 350mm * 175mm * 150mm, the particle diameter of artificial coarse aggregate is 20mm; The building-block of 460mm * 230mm * 150mm, the particle diameter of artificial coarse aggregate is 25mm; The building-block of 230mm * 110mm * 110mm, the particle diameter of artificial coarse aggregate is 10mm～15mm.
The water absorption rate of the building-block after above-mentioned all size finished product sets≤8.5, than state quota (GB/T15229-2002 " lightweight small size hollow concrete blocks "), has improved nearly 3 times; Length and width specification deviation all≤± 1mm promotes 1 times than index; Compression strength minimum average B configuration value 10.3Mpa, minimum monodrome 9.1Mpa is all up to standard; Freeze proof loss of strength≤12, promote 1 times than state quota; Mass loss≤1, promote 5 times; Thermal conductivity factor is only 1.63 up to standard; The internal radiation index is counted IRa only 0.2, than state quota, improves 5 times; External exposure index Ir0.6, improved 1 times than state quota; Minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) 31mm is all up to standard with the thick 27mm of riblet.In addition, can be in tipping bucket self-unloading on the railway carriage below high 1.5m overhead, breakage rate surpasses 5%, has surmounted hollow concrete building block " forbid self-unloading " De“Yan district fully ", improve greatly the efficiency of loading and unloading and alleviated workman's labour intensity.
The preparation method of artificial coarse aggregate:
Embodiment mono-
The raw material of artificial coarse aggregate is: the rubble of the calcium oxide that weight ratio is 1.5%, 1.5% sodium metasilicate, 34% flyash, 53% stone powder, particle diameter≤5mm of 5% and 5% portland cement.Preparation as follows:
(1) in advance calcium oxide and sodium metasilicate are added to water and be mixed with mixed aqueous solution, flyash and stone powder were put into to the mixer stirring after 3 minutes, under the continuous stirring that is 25～35 rev/mins at rotating speed, add successively the mixed aqueous solution of calcium oxide and sodium metasilicate, continue to stir 3 minutes, the rubble that adds particle diameter≤5mm, continue to stir 3～5 minutes, add portland cement, continue to stir 5 minutes, make water content at 20% compound, water deficient suitably adds water constantly and stirs; (2) compound pressure with 8.5Mpa in pressure apparatus is pressed into to the particle with regular geometric shapes, as spheroid, cube, cylinder, drum type body etc., the maximum opposite side diameter of particle is 25mm, wherein pressurize demoulding discharging after 5～20 seconds after pan feeding; (3) be to solidify maintenance 72 hours under 45 ℃～65 ℃, the relative humidity environment that is 85%～95% by particle in temperature, make artificial coarse aggregate, transfer subsequently in conventional maintenance standby.
Embodiment bis-
The raw material of artificial coarse aggregate is: the rubble of the calcium oxide that weight ratio is 1.5%, 1.5% sodium metasilicate, 53% flyash, 34% stone powder, particle diameter≤5mm of 4% and 6% portland cement.Preparation as follows:
(1) in advance calcium oxide and sodium metasilicate are added to water and be mixed with mixed aqueous solution, flyash and stone powder were put into to the mixer stirring after 3 minutes, under the continuous stirring that is 25～35 rev/mins at rotating speed, the mixed aqueous solution that adds successively calcium oxide and sodium metasilicate, here the water absorption rate because of flyash is larger, so the volume of solution should be than embodiment more than, continue to stir 3 minutes, the rubble that adds particle diameter≤0.5cm, continue to stir 3～5 minutes, add portland cement, continue to stir 5 minutes, make water content at 18% compound, water deficient suitably adds water constantly and stirs, (2) compound pressure with 8.5Mpa in pressure apparatus is pressed into to the particle with regular geometric shapes, as spheroid, cube, cylinder, drum type body etc., the maximum opposite side diameter of particle is 25mm, wherein pressurize demoulding discharging after 5～20 seconds after pan feeding, (3) be to solidify maintenance 48 hours under 50 ℃～65 ℃, the relative humidity environment that is 90%～95% by particle in temperature, make artificial coarse aggregate, transfer afterwards in conventional maintenance standby.
Claims (10)
1. a building-block is characterized in that: be added with weight ratio in its shaping raw material and be 30%～45% artificial coarse aggregate, the preparation method of described artificial coarse aggregate comprises the steps:
(1) portland cement that the curing agent that the rubble of particle diameter≤5mm that the combination material of the flyash that is, 80%～90% by weight ratio and stone powder, weight ratio are 3%～6%, weight ratio are 1%～3%, weight ratio are 3.5%～5% adds the water mixing and stirring, make water content at 18%～22% compound, described flyash or stone powder account for 30%～60% of described flyash and stone powder combination material weight ratio;
(2), the compound obtained in step (1) is pressed into to the particle with regular geometric shapes with the pressure that is greater than 8.5Mpa in pressure apparatus, the particle diameter of particle is 10mm～25mm;
(3), by the particle that obtains in step (2), in temperature, be to solidify maintenance 24～72 hours under 35 ℃～65 ℃, the relative humidity environment that is 80%～95%, make artificial coarse aggregate.
2. a kind of building-block according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also be added with the strong fiber that weight ratio is 0.5%～1.5% in described shaping raw material.
3. a kind of building-block according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (1) comprises that in advance curing agent being added to water is mixed with the step of aqueous solution of curing agent and, by after flyash and stone powder mixing and stirring, adds successively the step of aqueous solution of curing agent, rubble and portland cement with the certain hour interval under continuous stirring.
4. a kind of building-block according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described curing agent is comprised of calcium oxide and sodium metasilicate.
5. a kind of building-block according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described curing agent is that 50% calcium oxide and weight ratio are that 50% sodium metasilicate forms by weight ratio.
6. a kind of building-block according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the particle that described step (2) makes is spheroid, cube, cylinder, drum type body.
7. a kind of building-block according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described building-block is formed with and vertically runs through end face and bottom surface, centrosymmetric two slotted eyes, and the end face of building block and bottom surface are formed with respectively recessed mortar pin groove.
8. a kind of building-block according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described building-block is of a size of 350mm * 175mm * 150mm or 460mm * 230mm * 150mm, and as the thinnest part thickness >=32mm of exterior wall walling building block; As interior wall walling thinnest part thickness >=20mm.
9. a kind of building-block according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described building-block is added with 30%～35% described artificial coarse aggregate as the exterior wall walling; Be added with 40%～45% described artificial coarse aggregate as the interior wall walling.
10. a kind of building-block according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described building-block is of a size of 230mm * 110mm * 110mm, as interior wall walling thinnest part thickness >=26mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102180477A CN102310459B (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2010-06-30 | Method for manufacturing high-intensity hollow building blocks from fly ash and mountain flour, and product |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102180477A CN102310459B (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2010-06-30 | Method for manufacturing high-intensity hollow building blocks from fly ash and mountain flour, and product |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102310459A CN102310459A (en) | 2012-01-11 |
| CN102310459B true CN102310459B (en) | 2013-12-04 |
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| IL100624A (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1994-01-25 | Negri Yermiyahu | Protective walls and method of construction |
| CN1172783A (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 1998-02-11 | 庞兰辉 | Non-sintering flyash ceramic grain and manufacturing technology |
| CN1182062A (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1998-05-20 | 揣玉成 | Floatstone-flyash haydite and its production process |
| CN1226543A (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 1999-08-25 | 区国雄 | Production of non-sintered porous flyash and ceramsites blocks |
| CN1107035C (en) * | 2000-07-15 | 2003-04-30 | 华南理工大学 | Process for preparing light building blocks of powdered coal ash for wall |
| CN2613534Y (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2004-04-28 | 丁荣吾 | High-strength hollow building block |
| CN101634174B (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2012-05-23 | 王昌雄 | Seepage-prevention anti-shearing heat-insulating hollow building block |
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