CN102301128B - Annular Multi-rotor Double-walled Turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

An annular single or multi-rotor double-walled turbine. The turbine includes an outer shroud, an inner shroud, and a plurality of driveshafts. The turbine also includes a plurality of rotors coaxially attached to the plurality of driveshafts at spaced intervals. Each of the plurality of rotors comprises a plurality of turbine blades extending between the inner and outer shrouds. Each of the plurality of turbine blades comprises a face. The inner shroud and the outer shroud form a continuous channel for directing a fluid entering the turbine towards the faces of the turbine blades and for directing fluid discharged from a first of the plurality of rotors to the remaining rotors. The channel greatly improves efficiency of power extraction from all augmented and non-augmented fluid streams.

Description

Annular Multi-rotor Double-walled Turbine

Technical field

The present invention relates in general to wind turbine and water turbine.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of annular Multi-rotor Double-walled Turbine.The invention still further relates to a kind of single rotor cross-flow type turbo machine.In order to distinguish the other complexity of the present invention and standard windmill, design of the present invention is called wind power plant (WPP).

Background technique

The horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) of the prior art of modern windmill design based on using long distortion propeller-type blade.In order to increase generate output, two primary variabless are liquid speed and rotor swept area.Nominal wind speed is faster, and the electric power of generation is more, and when produce energy with wind speed cube increase time, the locality condition of wind is most important.Therefore, the setting of windmill along the coastline be arranged on about 6.0-7.0m/s or larger wind speed region in.Unless can meet above-mentioned two kinds of conditions, otherwise existing HAWT technology not had competitive ability.

Windmill diameter increases along with the development such as the synthetic composite material such as glass fibre, carbon fiber substantially.Large-scale HAWT has the length of blade that length exceedes 50 meters at present.This length has reflected that the power generating depends on the fact of the area that blade scans.The length of the blade of rotor is longer, and the swept area of rotor is larger.At present, in operation, there is no tubular type commercial size windmill.Windmill operating speed pressure or use simply the speed operation of wind.Almost not interested or research is applied to increases the total pressure (velocity pressure and static pressure) of device with the air-flow of increase impact blades.

If the total pressure of fluid stream increases, the optimal method that total pressure of described fluid stream is applied to blade is to make simply turbo machine have conduit.This simple method was tested in the past, but did not commercially succeed.The equipment that the pressure that gathers way is required or device increase manufacture cost, and the increase of energy is not enough to verify the complexity of extra cost and equipment needed thereby.

Make one of major defect that rotor forms conduit simply be that many air-flows always form paths of least resistance along with the increase of total pressure.Many air-flows are by the centre portion of rotor, and wherein, in this centre portion, rotor is not almost with or without and forms effective torque.Fig. 1 shows that HAWT rotor has around the high torque (HT) region of periphery with in the low torque region of rotor center.Even if air-flow stagnation pressure increases, the preferred path of air-flow, by by the low torque region of rotor center, wherein can produce hardly power in this low torque region.

In order to make double-walled passage effective, must this double-walled passage be installed around one or more outer rims, and turbo machine flow passage component must rotate in the path of wind continuously.This need to be arranged on same structure by all elements, and this structure rotation.If for increasing air-flow total pressure, this supercharging device also must be supported on same structure and along with WPP rotates together such as the supercharging device of convergent nozzle.

The in the situation that of axial type rotor, passage is circular.The supercharging device of the most effectively and easily installing has flat wall.This needs the ingress that high aerodynamic force ABAP Adapter must be arranged on to passage to convert flat wall convergent nozzle to circular channel.Similarly, aerodynamic force transition that need to be from circle to flat wall nozzle from the outlet of passage.

The object of wind supercharging device is the total pressure that increases air-flow.In other words, one or two in velocity pressure or static pressure is all increased.Therefore, such as the entrance structure that is designed to minimize entrance and discharge frictional loss, because this entrance structure does not increase the velocity pressure of air-flow or the simple fact of static pressure rather than supercharging device.Similarly, the export structure that is designed to minimize outlet and discharge frictional loss does not reduce speed or the static pressure of fluid stream, and it is not supercharging device.

The technology overcoming the above problems will improve turbine efficiency greatly, improve the electrical stability of output and reduce the cost of power production.

Therefore need to a kind ofly can maximize the turbo machine that the air-flow of supercharging is applied to the efficiency of turbine rotor at present.

Also need a kind of equipment of operation of multiple turbine rotors that can adapt to the series connection of rotating with constant speed.

Also need a kind of for keep the adjustable width fluid passage that fluid flow velocity is constant in the time that liquid speed changes.

Also need a kind ofly there is the rotor of abundant supercharging and quantity sufficient and for the equipment of this performance of cheap competitive electric power is provided under relatively low liquid speed.

Also need a kind of fluid stream by supercharging be applied to rotor generation peak torque periphery and eliminate the double-walled passage of the fluid stream in low torque region.

Also need a kind of turbine rotor that surrounds to minimize the equipment of noise and visual impact.

Also need a kind of equipment that removes all parts of rotor except blade from the fluid diffluence of supercharging.

Also need a kind of surperficial equipment that as far as possible equally the fluid stream of supercharging is distributed to passage and rotor blade.

Also need the equipment of a kind of WPP of generation, this equipment can be integrated in its operation, for improving such as the various subtense angles of the performance of rotor segmented system, flowing supercharging equipment and ring-shaped rotor for the fluid of HAWT application.

Also need a kind of equipment that novelty rotating machinery is provided for thering is the large capacity WPP of the long structure bracket that supports double-walled passage, many rotors, generator and wind supercharging device.

Also need a kind of motor compressor fan can be contained in rotor shaft in the face of entering on the end of fluid the equipment of fluid stream in the high torque (HT) region to increase rotor.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of at least one turbo machine meeting in above-mentioned needs.

According to the present invention, a kind of annular Multi-rotor Double-walled Turbine is provided, comprising:

Outer casing;

Inner can;

Multiple live axles; With

Multiple rotors, described multiple rotor is connected to described multiple live axle coaxially with isolated interval, each in described multiple rotor is included in the multiple turbine buckets that extend between described inner can and described outer casing, and each in described multiple turbine buckets comprises surface

Wherein said inner can and described outer casing form continuous passage, and described continuous passage is for guiding the fluid that enters described turbo machine to the surface of described turbine bucket and being directed to all the other rotors for the fluid that the first rotor from described multiple rotors is discharged.

The present invention also provides a kind of double-walled cross-flow type turbo machine of adjustable mobile aisle spare, comprising:

Horizontal or vertical axis cross-flow type rotor, described rotor comprises multiple turbine buckets, each in described turbine bucket comprises barrel surface;

Outer casing, described outer casing surrounds sidepiece, top and the bottom of the sweeping area of described rotor;

Upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting, described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting reduces width or the height of the sweeping area of described rotor for adjustable ground;

Upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting actuator, described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting actuator is for regulating being projected into of described fluid deflector device to enter the jut of the fluid stream of described turbo machine;

Adjustable inwall, described adjustable inwall is positioned at the circumference of the barrel surface of described turbine bucket;

Inwall actuator, described inwall actuator is used for respect to inwall described in the width of the fluid passage being produced by described fluid deflector device or altitude location,

Wherein said inwall and described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting are formed for the fluid guiding that enters described turbo machine to the barrel surface of described turbine bucket with for the fluid of upstream blade discharge being directed to the passage of the barrel surface of downstream blade.

The present invention also provides a kind of annular Double-walled Turbine, comprising:

Outer casing;

Inner can;

Live axle; With

Be connected to coaxially the rotor of described live axle, described rotor is included in the multiple turbine buckets that extend between described inner can and described outer casing, and each in described multiple turbine buckets comprises surface,

Wherein said inner can and described outer casing form continuous passage, and described continuous passage is for entering the fluid guiding of described turbo machine to the surface of described turbine bucket.

The present invention conventionally can be applied to as wind turbine axial and that use circular ring-type rotor and adopt the cross-flow type turbo machine of vertical shaft blade.Turbo machine can be supercharging type or non supercharge.Double-walled construction is applicable to windmill and water turbine application.In the time that the current for power generation are only mainly unidirectional or two-way (morning and evening tides application), in water turbine application, typically do not need bracket or the supporting structure for rotating.

The present invention also provides a kind of WPP of tubular type wind passage of one or more turbo machines that are installed in series, and these one or more turbo machines share identical double-walled and tubular type wind passage.If use axial flow turbine, ductway is circular, and if use cross-flow type turbo machine, ductway is rectangle.For WPP of the present invention, multiple wind turbines are arranged on single pylon and the high productivity of unit can be considered to correct.Tubular type wind passage has improved widely from the efficiency of the taking of power of all superchargings and non pressurized air-flow.

This continuous passage allows wind energy to be pressurized and is then in succession applied to a series of one or more rotors.The width of air passageways equals the length of rotor blade.When blade being kept in position two rings or case are just positioned at passage when outside, only blade is the element that rotor contacts with the air-flow of supercharging.Air-flow is accurately applied to the exterior extremity of blade, from and convert more wind energy to useful torque.

Nearly all existing large scale business windmill is all horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) structure and uses three blade twist propeller cavitations.Although the energy of the whole lip-deep wind of blade is constant for HAWT, the percentage of the useful energy of changing changes near the minimum value root of blade from the maximum value of rotor periphery.

In the case of very high wind supercharging, the tip speed of blade can become supersonic speed.This equipment allows multiple rotor inlines to install, and the pressure drop on each group blade all reduces by this.Only use a rotor if this allows to use, can otherwise produce the high pressure-charging factor of supersonic blade speed.

Only has the blade segments contact air-flow of rotor.This has eliminated the inefficient section of the parasitic loss being produced by rotor spoke and the blade rotating in air-flow.In the masked chamber that these elements reduce at parasitic loss, rotate.In the time that equipment is also arranged on generator air-flow outside, its windage is also eliminated.In the time that wind speed changes, the width of wind passage is conditioned to keep the constant speed with respect to blade.Mandatory is to carry out measuring wind speed in the upstream of rotor, rather than carries out measuring wind speed in the downstream of rotor.

Whole wind turbine can be arranged on by electronic with in the face of on a shared bracket of main air, and this bracket is positioned on a pylon.Motor-driven bracket is replaced by floating bearing or for the equivalent device of little wind turbine.For more effective, described circular air conduit is supplied or is discharged to flat wall and shrinks and divergent nozzle by ABAP Adapter.

The Important Economic challenge that the present invention is satisfied is to improve performance by the technology of integrated multiple novelties and novelty.In fact, this performance is enhanced, and makes can produce now competitive electric power compared with low speed wind.WPP can be positioned at urban district or the lower industrial region of close wind speed.Therefore, distribute the cost of electric power and the needs of new fondational structure are eliminated.

In channel-type WPP design, air-flow or the fluid with pressurization energy flow by unique region that is directed to the blade in high torque (HT) region.Do not have wind or fluid to be directed into low torque region.The axial flow turbine structure of WPP is used double-walled annular pass air-flow is directed to neighboring area or high torque (HT) region.The vertical axis structure of WPP is used double-walled passage air-flow is directed to the center of sweeping area and away from two outer edge area.

This double-walled passage provides several important benefits.Fluid stream is directed into the optimal region of blade to maximize the generation of useful torque.The cross sectional area of fluid stream can be reduced further to increase fluid flow velocity, once fluid stream stay, the speed of supercharging device and increase with increment cube speed improve electrical production.Air-flow is received, thereby allows multiple rotors of series connection to be used for extracting fluid energy.Can ignore the fluid that may leak into low torque region or turn back to atmosphere.Can regulate the width of flow channel.This provides a kind of optimization tool, and in the time that liquid speed changes, cross section is automatically adjusted to keep fluid flow velocity constant by this.

In order to make fluid stream arrive suitably and even equably distribute from supercharging device on 360 degree of passage, circular arrangement for deflecting is directly installed on towards the upstream of the rotor of wind.This arrangement for deflecting can be to comprise semicircle, taper shape, parabola shaped etc. various shape, but this arrangement for deflecting must have the aerodynamic shape for fluid well-distributing is distributed, thus minimum frictional losses.

Supercharging device obtains the low energy densities of fluid and increases this energy density.WPP design can be optimized the taking of power from pressurized air stream.WPP uses less turbine rotor, and this rotor can be installed in series.The energy that every sweeping area area produces is the manyfold of existing HAWT or vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT).Supporting quantity and the environment area of coverage of the required pylon of turbo machine reduces.The blade of WPP is besieged and in the path of air-flow, there is no obstacle before air-flow contacts with blade and afterwards.This disappear except when king bolt oar type rotor before post by time the low song of noise that produced by this king bolt oar type rotor.Nonproductive part and the air-flow of rotor and generator are isolated completely.Parasitic drag loss is minimized.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Describe in detail and during with reference to accompanying drawing, these and other object of the present invention and advantage will become clearly visible learning, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the explanatory view in the region (section) of low torque and high torque (HT) on the sweeping area of axial flow turbine;

Fig. 2 is the explanatory view that shows the region (section) of low torque on the sweeping area of cross-flow type turbo machine that uses airfoil fan and high torque (HT);

Fig. 3 A-3C is respectively the side view that is arranged on the turbo machine on steel or concrete towers, front elevation and rear view according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4 A-4C is respectively side view and the detailed view of the turbo machine shown in Fig. 3 A-3C, wherein shows turbo machine by the rotation of floating bearing;

Fig. 5 A-5C has shown respectively the channel part of the turbo machine shown in Fig. 3 A-3C, side view, front elevation and the rear view of entrance and exit ABAP Adapter;

Fig. 6 shows the integrative-structure for channel part of turbo machine and the stereogram of supporting element, the crossbeam of convergent nozzle and the framework of convergent nozzle shown in Fig. 3 A-3C;

Fig. 7 A-7E is respectively stereogram, sectional view and the detailed view that shows inwall, outer wall, lining and the lining actuator of the turbo machine shown in Fig. 3 A-3C;

Fig. 8 is the side view that shows the position of three rotors, three generators and semicircle deflection tapered portion in the turbo machine shown in Fig. 3 A-3C;

Fig. 9 A-9F shows that carrier structure is by stereogram, plan view, front elevation and three detailed views of the carrier structure of the electric wheel rotation of the turbo machine shown in Fig. 3 A-3C;

Figure 10 is the rotor at two ends place and the side sectional view of the generator that auxiliary motor drives showing by the turbo machine shown in Fig. 3 A-3C;

Figure 11 is single rotor cross-flow type wind turbine according to another embodiment of the invention or vertical axis wind turbine and the stereogram in the air flow passage at the center of vertical rotating shaft thereof;

Figure 12 shows that the passage of HAWT is than the plotted curve of (CR) and power stage;

Figure 13 shows that the passage of VAWT is than the plotted curve of (CR) and power stage.

Embodiment

Although according to specific embodiment explanation the present invention, should be understood that embodiment described here is only in the mode of example, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.

As shown in as shown in Fig. 3-10 and in Fig. 7 A-8 clearly, according to the present invention, provide a kind of annular Multi-rotor Double-walled Turbine 70.Turbo machine 70 comprises outer casing 17, inner can 32 and multiple live axle 80,82,84 (shown in Fig. 8).Turbo machine 70 also comprises the multiple rotors 72 that are connected to coaxially multiple live axles 80,82,84 with isolated interval.Each in multiple rotors 72 multiple turbine buckets 74 that extend that included between case 32 and outer casing 17.Each in multiple turbine buckets 74 comprises surface.Inner can 32 and outer casing 17 are formed for the fluid guiding that enters turbo machine 70 to the surface of turbine bucket 74 with for the fluid discharging from more than first rotor 76 being directed to the continuous passage of all the other rotors.This passage has improved widely from the efficiency of the taking of power of all superchargings and non pressurized fluid stream.

Preferably, as shown in Fig. 7 D and 7E the most clearly, turbo machine 70 also comprises adjustable inner can lining and the actuating system 22 for adjustable inner can lining 20 is moved with respect to the surface of inner can 32.

Preferably, as Fig. 6 clearly as shown in, turbo machine 70 also comprise entrance and for by fluid guiding to the entrance of turbo machine convergent nozzle 15 that this fluid is accelerated.

Preferably, turbo machine 70 also comprises outlet and the divergent nozzle 14 for guiding the fluid of discharging from the outlet of turbo machine and described fluid being slowed down.

Preferably, turbo machine also comprises and is fixed on outer casing 17 and is connected to convergent nozzle 15 and the supporting structure 10 of divergent nozzle 14, and this supporting structure partly supports the weight of convergent nozzle 15 and divergent nozzle 14.

Preferably, as Fig. 4 A-4C clearly as shown in, turbo machine 70 also comprise turbo machine base structure 40 and for make turbo machine base structure rotation with the turbo machine rotary system 42 that live axle is aimed at the approach axis of fluid that enters turbo machine.

Preferably, turbo machine also comprises liquid speed measuring system, and described liquid speed measuring system is positioned at the upstream of turbo machine and produces indication the signal that enters the liquid speed of turbo machine.The signal that actuating system enters the liquid speed of turbo machine according to indication makes adjustable overlapping inner can lining 20 move with respect to the surface of inner can 32.Can allow neck bush case to expand by being slidably connected between neck bush section 21.

Preferably, as shown in Fig. 7 A-7C clearly, turbo machine 70 also comprises guidance system 18, and described guidance system is arranged on the upstream of inner can 32 and is positioned at inner can 32 tops, for entering the fluid guiding of turbo machine to multiple turbine buckets 74 of more than first rotor 76.

Preferably, turbo machine also comprises compressor fan, and described compressor fan is positioned the upstream of turbo machine and increases the speed of the fluid that enters turbo machine.

Preferably, this fluid is air or water.

In one embodiment of the invention, turbine bucket is preferably hollow, is perforated and is connected to the vacuum system for controlling near boundary layer turbine bucket.

In another embodiment of the present invention, turbine bucket is preferably hollow, is perforated and is connected to the pressure fluid supply system for controlling near the boundary layer described turbine bucket.

According to the present invention, a kind of double-walled passage WPP is provided, the high torque (HT) region that this double-walled passage WPP easily allows the pressurized air stream to be applied to one or more rotors for the performance that uses to increase turbine rotor together with at least one or a series of turbine rotor, this double-walled passage WPP comprises:

A) air-flow is directed to internal channel wall and external chennel wall and the framework in the high torque (HT) region of rotor;

B) activate inwall lining, described actuating inwall lining allows to regulate according to nominal wind speed the width of passage;

C) internal channel wall radius and external chennel wall radius, described internal channel wall radius equals the radius of being drawn by the inward flange of one end of support blade or case, and described external chennel wall radius equals the radius of being drawn by the outward edge of the outer end of support blade or case;

D) for the measuring equipment of upstream wind speed of turbine rotor and the programmable controller of the width of adjusting pressurized air stream passage;

E) in the ABAP Adapter between feeder connection and upstream supercharging device and the ABAP Adapter between this passage and downstream supercharging device;

F) carrier structure, described carrier structure is designed to the weight that carrying comprises all turbo machine relevant devices of supercharging device;

G) compressor fan, described compressor fan is for increasing the total pressure of the air-flow at feeder connection place;

H) be arranged on rotor towards lip-deep aerodynamic force arrangement for deflecting against the wind and be arranged on rotor towards lip-deep aerodynamic force arrangement for deflecting with the wind;

I) steelframe or concrete pylon, described steelframe or concrete pylon are for the support platform of support bracket structure; With

J) supercharging equipment, for converting nominal wind in the air-flow of supercharging.

Preferably, the width of passage equals the length of the blade segments of rotor.

Preferably, WPP can hold one or more rotors of one or more turbine rotors of being installed in series and each generator.

Preferably, unit and supercharging equipment are supported on and share on rotational structure.

Preferably, WPP keeps apart the low torque region of rotor and generator and air-flow.

Preferably, can regulate according to the variation of upstream wind speed the width of passage.

Preferably, WPP can accept the various structures of supercharging equipment.

Preferably, once the area of arrangement for deflecting on low torque region exceedes 50% of the area being scanned by blade, WPP produces measurable increment in air-flow supercharging.

Preferably, WPP can be at the competitive electric power of low wind speed region generating by the technology of integrated wind supercharging, rotor segmentation and use ring-shaped rotor.

Preferably, WPP uses the double-walled circular channel of applying for HAWT and the double-walled rectangular channel of applying for VAWT.

Preferably, WPP can use the floating bearing rotating for junior unit and the novelty motor-driven bracket moving on the platform for big unit.

Preferably, WPP can be for by distinguished and admirable and generating power by water current.

Above-mentioned and other object of the present invention is by being integrated in operating unit and realizing holding multiple turbine rotors of the use of connecting and the WPP double-walled passage of multiple generators.This WPP comprises double-walled passage, multiple rotor, multiple generator, the gentle stream distribution mechanism of carriage rotation equipment.Wind supercharging equipment and staging device can be integrated in wind turbine operation.But the use of said apparatus is not that patented object and claim are necessary.

Double-walled passage forms by outer wall, inwall, neck bush with for the one group of actuator that neck bush is launched or retract.Annular frame supports the outer wall with smooth inner surface.The second annular frame supports the inwall with smooth outer surface.These frameworks are supported by carrier structure.Inwall supports lining actuator and the lining on the internal surface that is arranged on inwall.

Neck bush is for successfully operating not necessarily.This neck bush expands and retracts loss for reducing in the time that air-flow moves between rotor.Optional solution is the upstream and downstream that actuating deflector plate is arranged on to each rotor.In the time that wind speed changes, actuator plate will be launched or retract constant to remain to the air velocity of blade.

Air-flow distribution mechanism comprises: be arranged in the face of on the axle of the rotor of wind with on the region of passage, equally guide air-flow arrangement for deflecting, be positioned at passage outlet with minimum air pressure recover loss arrangement for deflecting, be positioned at upstream to carry out the ABAP Adapter of the conversion from flat wall constriction device to circular channel and to be positioned at outlet port to carry out the ABAP Adapter of the conversion from circular channel to flat wall extension fixture.

Multiple rotor base portions and generator base portion are arranged on along on the equipment bay of the center line location of the axis of wind passage.A rotor can drive a generator, or multiple rotor can drive a generator.Equipment bay is supported by rotary bracket structure.

Rotary bracket structure comprises the structure of the weight that can support all devices and can make the mechanism of this structure around central axis rotation.For small units and medium-sized unit, standard floating bearing device is enough to supported weight.For large WPP, the weight of all devices is passed to the concrete platform being positioned on tower top.Carrier structure is positioned on electric wheel and centralized positioning bearing.Bearing absorbs lateral thrust, and electric wheel makes this finite element rotation.

In a preferred embodiment, double-walled passage WPP installs supercharging equipment to increase the total pressure of air-flow considerably beyond the total pressure of nominal wind.This WPP works the various structures of the supercharging equipment that is shunk and expanded by use or only expand well, operates but be not limited to by illustrated supercharging equipment.Also be not limited to and use HAWT.As described in, double-walled passage WPP can adopt cross-flow type turbo machine or vertical turbine.

In another preferred embodiment, the compressor fan blades installation by motorized motions is on the end of the axle of the rotor towards wind direction.This fan for increasing the total energy of air-flow in the time of air-flow inlet passage.This embodiment for the operation of WPP or performance not necessarily.Task application (application-by-application) benchmark is depended in its use.

In another preferred embodiment, staging device is increased to rotor, and in another preferred embodiment, adds supercharging device.Supercharging device may simply be divergent nozzle or the combination for convergent nozzle and divergent nozzle.

In order to use annular Multi-rotor Double-walled Turbine to supercharging type HAWT and VAWT (vertical-axis wind turbine, below describe in more detail) impact carry out quantitative assessment, used two computer programs of the performance (power stage) that can calculate this wind turbine.Analyze for HAWT, the code of use is WT Perf, and analyzes for VAWT, uses CARDAAV code.

wT Perf code

WT Perf uses blade element momentum (BEM) theory to predict the performance of HAWT.This theoretical developments is in the national renewable sources of energy laboratory (NREL) of the code PROP initially being set up decades ago by Oregon university.The personnel at the national wind technology center in American National renewable sources of energy laboratory are by having modern PROP by the new functional additive technique of development to current WT Perf.

CARDAAV

CARDAAV is the computer code of being developed by Ion Paraschivoiu by the prediction of the aeroperformance for to vertical-axis wind turbine and characteristic.

CARDAAV is based on have variable contrary wind and the manifold tube model (DMSV) of induced velocity with the wind in pipe at each stream.Due to this model and in a large number about option, operational condition and the control to simulation process of geometrical construction, CARDAAV proves the effective software kit that is suitable for VAWT artificer needs.CARDAAV calculates aerodynamic force and power stage for the VAWT of the random geometry under given operational condition.

Need quantity of parameters to illustrate completely, analyzed VAWT provides sizable degrees of freedom in the time specifying the geometrical shape of VAWT.In this classification, the most important thing is: the size of the size of the aerofoil type of rotor height and diameter, blade quantity and its cross section of restriction, the diameter of newel (tower), pillar and position, flow spoiler etc.In fact, can analyze any blade shape, certainly comprise straight blade shape.In addition, blade can be made up of the section with different chord lengths and cross section (aerofoil).The aerofoil database of code comprises some known symmetrical NACA shapes (NACA 0012, NACA 0015, NACA 0018, NACA 0021) and is the more custom-designed data of VAWT (SNLA 0015, SNLA 0018, SNLA0021) at Sandia National Laboratories.If user need to by no longer can with aerofoil while analyzing, this can carry out very simply, by comprising that at actual aerofoil database it tests the value of definite lift and resistance coefficient.The multiple reynolds' number (under each Re) corresponding for the reynolds' number obtaining with the reference angle in complete 360 ° of scopes (0 °≤α≤360 °) on rotation blade and housing must provide these data.

Revise to meet in the main operating parameters of needs of particular analysis can be easy to, an accountable parameter is: rotating speed, local gravity acceleration and the working-fluid characteristics of wind speed, rotor (density, viscosity-conventionally for air).Or in the time of execution analysis, can consider the constant rotational speed under different wind speed or the different rotating speeds under constant wind speed.By specifying suitable value for atmosphere wind shear exponent, in the computing interval, the power law type of considering wind speed with altitude is changed.

In the control parameter of being concerned about, code need to be limited to the quantity of total half cycle (orientation) division of the stream pipe that will consider in calculating and the quantity of vertical division and the point on the width of each pipe.In identical classification, user is calculating against the wind and must specify together with convergence criterion when interference factor with the wind greatest iteration number (when calculating interference factor and dynamic stall time must meet relative error level).In the time of specified control parameter, the pneumatic correction that must determine whether to use the pneumatic correction relevant with blade end effect and cause due to dynamic stall.Can obtain four dynamic stall models, wherein three dynamic stall models are obtained by Gormont method and " index " model.

The important quantity of parameter and option (above-mentioned) provides the sizable performance of CARDAAV and flexibility in the time calculating the characteristic of various Darrieus type VAWT.Based on giving the actual value of these parameters, code for example, by ignoring or considering that the impact of dynamic stall and multiple " secondary effects " (effect, causing due to rotating center post, pillar and flow spoiler) calculate concrete structure.Dynamic stall than under has significant impact to aerodynamic loading and rotor performance in low-end speed, and " secondary effect " is important under middle and high tip speed ratio.

Under the Windows of Microsoft environment, move, CARDAAV is customer satisfaction system, and is provided with graphical interfaces, and making easily to revise for combination property analysis (rotor geometry, operation and control parameter) needs all input data of often changing.Local induced velocity, reynolds' number and the angle of attack, blade loading and orientation torque and power factor are output data.These results can directly on the display device of computer, see or be stored in ascii text file in or be stored with the form compatible with graphics software TECPLOT (Amtec Engineering Inc.) for further reprocessing and explanation.

Various standards have determined that CARDAAV is with the aerodynamic load of the vertical axis wind turbine of suitable high precision computation general type and the ability of over-all properties (torque, power).The vertical axis wind turbine of aforementioned general type comprises Darrieus H-type wind turbine.Compared with the experimental result of large-scale tip velocity ratio (TSR), CARDAAV result is fairly good.

Fig. 1 shows relative high torque (HT) region and the low torque region of HAWT turbo machine.Longer with the distance of spin axis, the torque of generation is higher.

Fig. 2 shows high torque (HT) region and the low torque region of VAWT.The torque that two outsides of the rectangle being formed by sweeping area produce is less than the torque that intermediate portion produces.

Fig. 3 shows the WPP that is arranged on standard precast concrete or structural steel pylon 1 and uses the standard floating bearing for rotating at wind.The major component outside turbo machine passage 2 of WPP comprises entrance ABAP Adapter, the semicircle segmentation arrangement for deflecting that hides the low torque region of rotor, the inner and outer wall of air-flow path, one or more rotor, one or more generator, the outlet arrangement for deflecting on the low torque towards with the wind, the structure that exports ABAP Adapter, support the said equipment and the maintenance segmentation arrangement for deflecting whirligig towards wind.

Fig. 4 is the front view of WPP, and this WPP is equipped with air-flow supercharging device, and uses the floating bearing for rotating to be arranged on tower platform 1.The base portion 4 of WPP is positioned on floating bearing top race 3.Electric gear 5 makes WPP rotation.In this example, shrink and disperser for increasing air-flow the total pressure to WPP.Supercharging device is by the support structure of WPP, and therefore WPP and supercharging equipment all rely on shared floating bearing.

Fig. 5 has shown the front view of air-flow path, entrance ABAP Adapter 6 and outlet ABAP Adapter 7.

Fig. 6 has shown the integrative-structure of all parts of thrust type WPP.Bracket support structure 8, air passageways level and round member 9, crossbeam support pole 10, crossbeam 11, shrink tension cable 12, expansion tension force cable 13, divergent nozzle 14, convergent nozzle 15.

Fig. 7 has shown the double-walled passage being made up of inner can 32, outer casing 17, inner inner can lining 20 and lining actuator 22.Wall liner cover actuator is arranged on the surface, inside of inner channel walls.Therefore, described actuator does not contact with air-flow and can keep in repair from Dynamo Room.Lining actuator launches wall liner cover and retracts to regulate the inside radius of passage.

In order to keep airspeed constant, in the time that wind speed reduces, the inside radius of passage increases.The position of programmable controller and upstream wind speed measuring device control lining actuator.Wind measuring device is positioned at the entrance of constriction device.Given air arrives the time of blade, regulates wall liner cover before the variation of wind speed reaches arrangement for deflecting.

By increasing and reduce the area of passage, can reduce the area of rotor admission of air under low wind speed and the area of increase rotor admission of air under high wind speed.This produces certain power loss by making in the time that sweeping area reduces.But, by regulating passage inside radius to keep airspeed higher and constant, will improve the total efficiency of rotor.

When synchronous generator, to fix when revolution rotates, this is important.In the time using directly driving, generator speed is also the revolution of rotor.In the time that wind speed changes, this impact can change the tip velocity ratio (TSR) of rotor.This is the ratio of the tip speed of blade and the speed of wind.If this is impossible, blade does not start operation with its optimal T SR, and rotor blade lost efficacy.

Rotor enters into the passage being formed by internal channel wall and external chennel wall.Two circular cases 19 are arranged on rotor with the radius identical with inner can and outer casing.Inner can is as preventing that pressurized air stream is discharged into the obstacle in Dynamo Room.In Fig. 7 E, at length show the lateral movement of overlapping liner segment in the time that actuator extends in air-flow by lining.

Fig. 7 has also shown the semicircle guidance system 18 that hides the low torque region of rotor.This arrangement for deflecting is important, and this is because described arrangement for deflecting is used as supercharging device.Once the surface area of arrangement for deflecting exceedes the surface area of the sweeping area of rotor, described arrangement for deflecting starts to increase lentamente the total pressure of air-flow.No matter WPP is supercharging type or non supercharge, can provide this effect.

The shell producing at internal channel pars intramuralis becomes Dynamo Room.Consider that air quality can pressurize to this shell, and this also leakage from pressurized air stream passage to Dynamo Room by restriction.

Fig. 8 has shown the typical Dynamo Room layout for a group rotor generator.One or more groups rotor generator can be installed in series.As shown in the figure, two rotors 19 directly drive a main generator 33.

The effect of entrance ABAP Adapter and outlet ABAP Adapter is minimum frictional losses air-flow is transformed into round structure from flat wall structure in the time that air enters WPP.Can apply multiple difform ABAP Adapter; The structure of the design of described ABAP Adapter based on limiting friction loss and supercharging equipment.

Fig. 9 shows the novelty carrier structure 90 with electric wheel.Very large WPP comprises multiple turbo machines and generator.The weight of WPP and supercharging equipment and moment of flexure are passed to the wheel 24 of bracket.When load is around great circle distribution and owing to carrying out sizable wind thrust of self contraction and divergent nozzle, preferred tower design is multiple posts, rather than center for standard steel or the cylindrical pylon of cement convergent.

Figure 10 shows synchronous generator and the rotor assembly of the double-walled Passage Vortex turbine for having annular case 1008 and nave collar 1010.The rotor 1000 that is connected to two ends drives generator 1040.In a preferred embodiment, rotor can comprise multistage blade 1006.In this case, organize spoke gives prominence to the different amount with respect to Vertical direction from same rotor hub more.Another advantage of the present invention is that the structure of turbo machine allows turbo machine isolate and separate with fluid stream.

In a preferred embodiment, the second smaller auxiliary generator 1040 is driven by a drive unit 1042 in the axle of generator.This drive unit is connected to two fast speed increasers.

This auxiliary generator is configured to rotate with a design speed of the speed with respect to rotor shaft.But in very little wind, the speed of turbine rotor reduces to about 50% of its nominal operation speed.The second speed range of retarder will be guaranteed to keep auxiliary generator under its rated velocity.Under low wind speed, remove this scope from main synchronous generator, and auxiliary power generation machine operation only.Under very high wind speed, main generator will exceed its peak output.In this, auxiliary generator uses second speed ratio again to bring into operation, and is operated in parallel with main generator.The contribution of auxiliary motor under high wind speed is to increase the maximum peak power producing.

Many different formation can be used with the supercharging device of structure together with WPP.The effect of supercharging device is that the total pressure of the air-flow that moves through turbine bucket is maximized.An effect of WPP is to use double-walled passage will produce the section of maximum power with what air-flow is applied to one or more rotors.WPP is also for all parts provide sharing structure and rotating machinery and possible supercharging device.

Figure 11 shows the principle for the WPP of non supercharge vertical shaft or cross-flow type turbo machine 1100.If use the supercharging equipment that convergent nozzle 1108 is installed, this supercharging equipment will be connected to entrance ABAP Adapter.If install and use the supercharging equipment of divergent nozzle 1109, this supercharging equipment will be connected to outlet ABAP Adapter.

Therefore, the present invention also provides a kind of double-walled cross-flow type turbo machine of adjustable mobile aisle spare.This turbo machine comprises horizontal or vertical axis cross-flow type rotor, and described rotor comprises multiple turbine buckets, and each in turbine bucket comprises barrel surface.Turbo machine also comprises the sidepiece of the sweeping area that surrounds rotor, the outer casing of top and bottom, subtract the width of trochantinian sweeping area or the upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting of height for adjustable ground, enter the upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting actuator of the jut of the fluid stream of turbo machine for regulating fluid deflector device to be projected into, be positioned at the barrel surface of turbine bucket circumference adjustable inwall and for the inwall actuator of the width with respect to the fluid passage being produced by fluid deflector device or altitude location inwall.Inwall and upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting are formed for the fluid guiding that enters turbo machine to the barrel surface of turbine bucket with for the fluid of upstream blade discharge being directed to the passage of the barrel surface of downstream blade.

Preferably, turbo machine also comprises that downstream fluid arrangement for deflecting leaves the passage being produced by inwall or double-walled the downstream fluid arrangement for deflecting actuator that less disturbance transition is provided towards the fluid of fixing outer wall expansion with being used to.

As shown in figure 11, vertical shaft WPP unit include an inlet and an outlet ABAP Adapter, outer wall 1110 and adjustable inwall 1103, inwall actuator 1107, upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting 1104, upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting actuator 1106, with the wind fluid deflector device 1105, with the wind fluid deflector device actuator, rotor assembly 1101, rotor blade 1102, upstream fluid velocity measuring device, for all parts being remained on to framework, floating bearing rotating machinery and the steelframe pylon of appropriate location.

Although applied double-walled principle in the situation that of VAWT, fluid can be arranged in the channel except passage.Second or inwall for reducing the width of channel.In the time that top wall and base wall have standard continuous surface, highly keep constant.

Example 1

Single non supercharge HAWT rotor is equipped with the double-walled passage mechanism by computer simulation.Wind speed change, and with the identical HAWT comparative result that there is no double-walled channel operation.

Although only have a rotor for simulating, multiple rotors can in series be aimed in passage, and the raising of power stage is by identical with rotor subsequently.

Computer simulations is tested relatively to use the WPP principle of double-walled passage and the performance of standard HAWT rotor.The ratio of passage ratio (CR) or the area of flow channel and the swept area of rotor blade is there being from 1.0 to 0.25 variations under three different wind speed in cover non supercharge HAWT turbo machine.1.0 passage equals the swept area of rotor blade than value representation flow channel area.0.25 passage only has 25% swept area reception wind than value representation.Under three wind speed, the increase of performance has been shown in table 1, and being increased in of this performance is shown as continous curve in Figure 12.

Table 1

The passage of HAWT is than (CR) and power stage

example 2

Single non supercharge VAWT rotor is equipped with the double-walled passage mechanism by computer simulation.Wind speed change, and with the identical VAWT comparative result that there is no double-walled channel operation.

Although only have a rotor to be arranged in passage for simulating, multiple rotors can be connected and be aimed at and the raising of power stage is all identical for rotor subsequently.Passage all leads in all directions, this means that the volume of the air that clashes into the first rotor will all keep constant to all rotors of series connection.

Computer simulations is tested relatively to use the WPP principle of double-walled passage and the performance of standard VAWT rotor.The ratio of passage ratio (CR) or the area of flow channel and the swept area of rotor blade is there being from 1.0 to 0.67 variations under three different wind speed in cover non supercharge VAWT turbo machine.1.0 passage equals the swept area of rotor blade than value representation flow channel area.0.67 passage only has 67% swept area reception wind than value representation.The increase of performance under three wind speed has been shown in table 2, and being increased in of this performance is shown as continous curve in Figure 13.

Table 2

The passage of VAWT is than (CR) and power stage

As one of skill in the art will appreciate that, polytype axial flow or horizontal axis turbine can be used together with device of the present invention.In addition can for example use together with extension fixture from the contraction of the blade of varying number and/or structure, different wind regime and different size for the various combination of each wind turbine speed, frequency and generator type.

Can be different from the example shown in the document to the parameter of double-walled passage wind turbine as will be understood by those skilled.Similarly, can be according to fluid, operational condition and turbine equipment and difference for the basic principle of the structure, the controller that regulate the arrangement for deflecting on mechanism, the low torque region of neck bush.

Although understood in detail hereinbefore exemplary and preferred embodiment of the present invention, but should be understood that and can otherwise differently implement and adopt design of the present invention, and claims be for being interpreted as comprising these variations of removing prior art restriction.

Claims (25)

1. an annular Multi-rotor Double-walled Turbine, comprising:

Outer casing;

Inner can;

Multiple live axles; With

Multiple rotors, described multiple rotor is connected to described multiple live axle coaxially with isolated interval, each in described multiple rotor is included in the multiple turbine buckets that extend between described inner can and described outer casing, and each in described multiple turbine buckets comprises surface

Wherein said inner can and described outer casing form continuous passage, and described continuous passage is for guiding the fluid that enters described turbo machine to the surface of described turbine bucket and being directed to all the other rotors for the fluid that the first rotor from described multiple rotors is discharged;

Also comprise liquid speed measuring system, described liquid speed measuring system produces the signal of indicating the liquid speed that enters described turbo machine, and, described turbo machine also comprises the adjustable inner can lining with actuating system, described actuating system is for making adjustable inner can lining overlap section move with respect to the surface of described inner can

The signal that wherein said actuating system enters the liquid speed of described turbo machine according to indication makes described adjustable inner can lining move with respect to the surface of described inner can.

2. turbo machine according to claim 1, also comprises:

Entrance; With

Convergent nozzle, described convergent nozzle for by fluid guiding to the entrance of described turbo machine and described fluid is accelerated.

3. turbo machine according to claim 2, also comprises:

Outlet; With

Divergent nozzle, described divergent nozzle is for guiding the fluid of discharging from the outlet of described turbo machine and described fluid being slowed down.

4. turbo machine according to claim 3, also comprise supporting structure, described supporting structure is fixed on described outer casing top and is connected to described convergent nozzle and described divergent nozzle, and described supporting structure partly supports the weight of described convergent nozzle and described divergent nozzle.

5. turbo machine according to claim 1, also comprises:

Turbo machine base structure; With

Turbo machine rotary system, described turbo machine rotary system is for making described turbo machine base structure rotation so that described live axle is aimed at the approach axis of the fluid that enters described turbo machine.

6. turbo machine according to claim 1, wherein said liquid speed measuring system is positioned at the upstream of described turbo machine.

7. turbo machine according to claim 1, also comprise guidance system, described guidance system is arranged on the upstream of described inner can and is positioned at described inner can top, for entering the fluid guiding of described turbo machine to multiple turbine buckets of the first rotor of described multiple rotors.

8. turbo machine according to claim 1, also comprises compressor fan, and described compressor fan is positioned at the upstream of described turbo machine and the speed that increase enters the fluid of described turbo machine.

9. turbo machine according to claim 1, wherein, described fluid is air.

10. turbo machine according to claim 1, wherein, described fluid is water.

11. turbo machines according to claim 1, wherein, described turbine bucket is hollow, is perforated and is connected to the vacuum system for controlling near the boundary layer described turbine bucket.

12. turbo machines according to claim 1, wherein, described turbine bucket is hollow, is perforated and is connected to the pressure fluid supply system for controlling near the boundary layer described turbine bucket.

The double-walled cross-flow type turbo machine of 13. 1 kinds of adjustable mobile aisle spares, comprising:

Vertical axis cross-flow type rotor, described rotor comprises multiple turbine buckets, each in described turbine bucket comprises barrel surface;

Outer casing, described outer casing surrounds sidepiece, top and the bottom of the sweeping area of described rotor;

Upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting, described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting reduces the width of the sweeping area of described rotor for adjustable ground;

Upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting actuator, described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting actuator is for regulating being projected into of described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting to enter the jut of the fluid stream of described turbo machine;

Adjustable inwall, described adjustable inwall is positioned at the circumference of the barrel surface of described turbine bucket; With

Inwall actuator, described inwall actuator is located described inwall for the width with respect to the fluid passage being produced by described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting,

Wherein said inwall and described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting are formed for the fluid guiding that enters described turbo machine to the barrel surface of described turbine bucket with for the fluid of upstream blade discharge being directed to the passage of the barrel surface of downstream blade.

The double-walled cross-flow type turbo machine of 14. 1 kinds of adjustable mobile aisle spares, comprising:

Horizontal axis cross-flow type rotor, described rotor comprises multiple turbine buckets, each in described turbine bucket comprises barrel surface;

Outer casing, described outer casing surrounds sidepiece, top and the bottom of the sweeping area of described rotor;

Upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting, described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting subtracts the height of trochantinian sweeping area for adjustable ground;

Upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting actuator, described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting actuator is for regulating being projected into of described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting to enter the jut of the fluid stream of described turbo machine;

Adjustable inwall, described adjustable inwall is positioned at the circumference of the barrel surface of described turbine bucket; With

Inwall actuator, described inwall actuator is used for respect to inwall described in the altitude location of the fluid passage being produced by described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting,

Wherein said inwall and described upstream fluid arrangement for deflecting are formed for the fluid guiding that enters described turbo machine to the barrel surface of described turbine bucket with for the fluid of upstream blade discharge being directed to the passage of the barrel surface of downstream blade.

15. according to the turbo machine described in claim 13 or 14, also comprises downstream fluid arrangement for deflecting and the downstream fluid arrangement for deflecting actuator in the downstream that is positioned at described rotor.

16. according to the turbo machine described in claim 13 or 14, also comprises:

Entrance; With

Convergent nozzle, described convergent nozzle for by fluid guiding to the entrance of described turbo machine and described fluid is accelerated.

17. according to the turbo machine described in claim 13 or 14, also comprises:

Outlet; With

Divergent nozzle, described divergent nozzle is for guiding the fluid of discharging from described turbo machine outlet and described fluid being slowed down.

18. according to the turbo machine described in claim 13 or 14, also comprises:

Turbo machine base structure; With

Turbo machine rotary system, described turbo machine rotary system is for making described turbo machine base structure rotation so that described turbo machine is aimed at the approach axis of the fluid that enters described turbo machine.

19. according to the turbo machine described in claim 13 or 14, also comprise liquid speed measuring system, described liquid speed measuring system is positioned at the upstream of described turbo machine and produces indication the signal that enters the liquid speed of described turbo machine, and the signal that wherein said inwall actuator enters the liquid speed of described turbo machine according to indication makes described inwall move with respect to described outer casing.

20. according to the turbo machine described in claim 13 or 14, also comprises compressor fan, and described compressor fan is positioned at the upstream of described turbo machine and the speed that increase enters the fluid of described turbo machine.

21. according to the turbo machine described in claim 13 or 14, and wherein, described fluid is air.

22. according to the turbo machine described in claim 13 or 14, and wherein, described fluid is water.

23. according to the turbo machine described in claim 13 or 14, and wherein, described turbine bucket is hollow, is perforated and is connected to the vacuum system for controlling near the boundary layer described turbine bucket.

24. according to the turbo machine described in claim 13 or 14, and wherein, described turbine bucket is hollow, is perforated and is connected to the pressure fluid supply system for controlling near the boundary layer described turbine bucket.

25. 1 kinds of annular Double-walled Turbines, comprising:

Outer casing;

Inner can;

Live axle; With

Be connected to coaxially the rotor of described live axle, described rotor is included in the multiple turbine buckets that extend between described inner can and described outer casing, and each in described multiple turbine buckets comprises surface,

Wherein said inner can and described outer casing form continuous passage, and described continuous passage is for entering the fluid guiding of described turbo machine to the surface of described turbine bucket;

Described turbo machine also comprises liquid speed measuring system, described liquid speed measuring system produces the signal of indicating the liquid speed that enters described turbo machine, and, described turbo machine also comprises the adjustable inner can lining with actuating system, described actuating system is for making adjustable inner can lining overlap section move with respect to the surface of described inner can

The signal that wherein said actuating system enters the liquid speed of described turbo machine according to indication makes described adjustable inner can lining move with respect to the surface of described inner can.

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