CN102289984B - Photoelectric armillary sphere - Google Patents
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- CN102289984B CN102289984B CN 201110268052 CN201110268052A CN102289984B CN 102289984 B CN102289984 B CN 102289984B CN 201110268052 CN201110268052 CN 201110268052 CN 201110268052 A CN201110268052 A CN 201110268052A CN 102289984 B CN102289984 B CN 102289984B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a photoelectric armillary sphere through which the sun movement rule can be directly viewed. The photoelectric armillary sphere disclosed by the invention comprises a base, an inner sphere, an outer sphere, a fixed device, a one-way motor, a bidirectional motor, a laser transmitter and an inner shaft. The inner sphere and the outer sphere are used for marking longitudes and latitudes. The outer sphere is fixed on the base. The inner sphere is arranged in the outer sphere and concentric with the outer sphere. The inner sphere is connected onto the base through the inner shaft. The inner shaft is capable of driving the inner sphere to rotate axially. The one-way motor is fixed on one pole in the inner sphere. The axes of a first rotating shaft connected with the output shaft of the one-way motor passes through the spherical centre. The fixed device is fixedly connected in the spherical centre of the first rotating shaft. The bidirectional motor is fixed in the fixed device. The axes of a second rotating shaft connected with the output shaft of the bidirectional motor and the axes of the first rotating shaft are vertically crossed at the spherical centre. The laser transmitter is fixedly arranged on the second rotating shaft. Beam transmitted by the laser transmitter passes through the spherical centre and is vertical to the second rotating shaft. The bidirectional motor is capable of driving the laser transmitter to move in a reciprocating manner in the range of 46.52 DEG.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of astronomical demonstrator device, particularly relate to a kind of photoelectric armillary sphere for observation solar motion rule.
Background technology
Armillary sphere is the general name of armillary sphere and celestial globe, and the armillary sphere armillary sphere is a kind of instrument of measuring the celestial body spherical co-ordinate, and celestial globe is the instrument that is used for demonstrating astronomical phenomena ancient times.Be one of tradition invention of China, but inconvenience is used in its operation, is difficult to resolve dynamically, intuitively the movement of heavenly bodies rule, so that people seldom have the material object of seeing the armillary sphere in ancient times.Modern planetarium is by projector astronomical phenomena to be projected on the spherical roof, the demonstration celestial bodies motion changes, can only in specific classroom, demonstrate, thereby high to environmental requirement, cost is high, and operation inconvenience is difficult to dynamically observe intuitively and resolve the movement of heavenly bodies rule.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of easy and simple to handle, cost is low, be easy to carry and can dynamically observe intuitively and resolve the photoelectric armillary sphere of celestial movement rule.
Photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention, comprise base, endosphere, ectosphere, stationary installation, unidirectional motor, reversing motor, generating laser and interior axle, described endosphere, ectosphere and stationary installation are hollow component, wherein endosphere is made by trnaslucent materials, stationary installation is made by transparent or semitransparent material, described ectosphere is fixed on the base, ectosphere is divided into transparent episphere and translucent lower semisphere by the horizontal loop that is parallel to base, described endosphere be located in the ectosphere and with the same centre of sphere of ectosphere, described interior axle comprises left half axle and right axle shaft, the axis of two-semiaxle is crossed on the straight line of the centre of sphere at same, the inner of described left half axle and right axle shaft is separately fixed at the two ends, the left and right sides of endosphere, the outer end of left half axle and right axle shaft is passed ectosphere and is linked to each other with base, fix and can drive endosphere about the outer end of two-semiaxle and rotate vertically, described unidirectional motor is positioned at endosphere, be fixed on wherein extremely going up of endosphere the two poles of the earth, the output shaft of unidirectional motor is connected with the first rotating shaft by shaft coupling, the axis of the first rotating shaft is crossed the centre of sphere, described the first rotating shaft is fixedly connected with stationary installation at sphere center position, described reversing motor is fixed on the hollow inwall of stationary installation, the output shaft of reversing motor is the second rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is that the intersect vertical axis of tubular shaft and its axis and the first rotating shaft is in the centre of sphere, generating laser is fixedly mounted in the second rotating shaft, the light beam of generating laser emission is crossed the centre of sphere and vertical with the axis of the second rotating shaft, reversing motor be used for to drive generating laser in 52 minutes scopes of 46 degree, i.e. to-and-fro movement between north and south latitude 23 degree 26 minutes.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the irradiation light of the light simulated solar of the generating laser emission among the present invention, unidirectional motor can be done undying counterclockwise motion, the visually sun that produces take the earth as reference system when simulating because of earth rotation movement is around the earth rotatablely moving from West to East, reversing motor can drive generating laser and do the bidirectional reciprocating motion between north and south latitude 23 is spent 26 minutes, be used for simulating the earth on earth variation between the tropic of north and south of subsolar point when revolving around the sun, so when reversing motor and unidirectional motor are opened simultaneously, can simulate revolution of earth and rotation to shining upon the impact of light, rotate endosphere, make the parallel of a certain latitude of endosphere cross the ectosphere zenith, the luminescent spot track of generating laser on ectosphere just represents that the sun is at this observation ground, latitude area day aerial movement locus, thereby adopt this structure just no longer need in the classroom of specific circular top, demonstrate the solar motion track, less demanding to demo environment, and cost is low, lightly portable, can clearly represent the movement locus during the sun is on high.
Photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention, wherein said the first rotating shaft comprises near the nearly semiaxis of unidirectional motor with away from the semiaxis far away of unidirectional motor, described stationary installation is fixedly connected between nearly semiaxis and the semiaxis far away, described semiaxis far away is provided with the power supply gatherer, described power supply gatherer comprises three metal contact pieces, above-mentioned three metal contact pieces are wrapped in half shaft end far away and do not contact mutually, relative with unidirectional motor one is fixedly connected with power connection equipment on extremely in described endosphere the two poles of the earth, described power connection equipment is the tubular body that is positioned at endosphere, be provided with three brushes of corresponding connection with above-mentioned three metal contact pieces in the body, described left half axle or and right axle shaft be tubular shaft, above-mentioned tubular shaft is used for the circuit on the power supply gatherer being stretched out in the endosphere and being compiled in base, base is provided with four control knobs, is respectively unidirectional motor, reversing motor, the gauge tap that the power switch of generating laser and reversing motor turn to.Adopt this structure, be to use battery for the ease of using power supply nearby, by the setting of power supply gatherer and power connection equipment, power supply be provided for unidirectional motor, reversing motor and generating laser, and can not cause the first rotating shaft when rotation to produce the coiling problem, easy for operation.
Photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention, the two poles of the earth of wherein said endosphere indicate respectively N and S, also indicate warp on the described endosphere, parallel, equatorial line, the north and south tropic, the north and south polar circle, get under the line a diameter on left half axle and right axle shaft axis on the circle of line, the two-end-point of this diameter indicates respectively E and W, represent respectively due east direction and positive west to, be marked with 12 o'clock high noons/local longitude at a warp vertical with interior bulb diameter EW, indicate successively at 11 o'clock every 15 degree eastwards, 10 o'clock, 9 o'clock, indicate successively at 13 o'clock every 15 degree westwards, 14 o'clock, 15 o'clock, East and West direction indicates at 0 o'clock in another warp overlapping position vertical with EW/and 24 o'clock, the intersection point place of the warp of 12 o'clock/local longitude and each parallel indicates latitude successively at noon, northwards be followed successively by: north 15 degree, north 23 degree 26 minutes, north 30 degree, arctic N is followed successively by southwards: south 15 degree, south 23 degree 26 minutes, south 30 degree, South Pole S.After endosphere indicates above-mentioned each graticule, can be transmitted into latitude that laser position on the endosphere sphere reads subsolar point and the sun in time corresponding to this position from generating laser.
Photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention, wherein said unidirectional motor are fixed on the N limit place of described endosphere, and described power connection equipment is fixed on the S limit place of described endosphere, crosses the centre of sphere with the axis of guaranteeing the first rotating shaft through the NS utmost point when adopting this kind structure.
Photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention, wherein said base comprises a prismatoid, the right and left of described prismatoid all is fixedly connected with support, the outer end of described left half axle and right axle shaft is passed ectosphere and is connected on the support, all offer half axis hole on the support of prismatoid the right and left, the outer end of left half axle and right axle shaft is stretched into respectively the left right side of corresponding half axis hole and is fixed, and described left half axle or right axle shaft are provided with adjusting handle.Adopt this structure, processing is simple, and is easy to use.
Photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention, wherein said ectosphere outer wall is marked with the large cylindrical of level, on the described large cylindrical with endosphere on E, the corresponding position of W indicates respectively E, W, diameter two ends vertical with its diameter EW on the large cylindrical indicate respectively N along clockwise direction from the beginning of W point, S, the large cylindrical at ESWN place represents horizontal circle on the described ectosphere, horizontal circle is divided into up and down two hemisphere with ectosphere, the episphere top represents observation ground zenith D, zenith D place offers circular aperture, the lower semisphere bottom represents observation ground nadir H, E on the horizontal circle, S, W, N represents respectively the east of episphere and lower semisphere intersection, south, the west, the north to, the aperture that supplies left half axle and right axle shaft to pass on the described ectosphere lays respectively at E, the W place, on the outer wall of ectosphere also mark be provided with warp and parallel take zenith D and nadir H as the two poles of the earth, cross warp that S orders and the mark south, intersection point place of horizontal circle, eastwards each warp mark successively+15 °, + 30 °, ..., westwards each warp marks-15 ° successively,-30 °, ..., direct north warp DN be+180 ° with-180 ° coincidence line.
Photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention, wherein said stationary installation are spheroid, right cylinder or regular polygon.Adopt this kind structural advantages be attractive in appearance, be convenient to install, make.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention is described further.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cut-open view of endosphere in the photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is endosphere sphere mark synoptic diagram in the photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is ectosphere sphere mark synoptic diagram in the photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the Method And Principle synoptic diagram that calculates the solar motion rule among the present invention.
Embodiment
Such as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, a kind of photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention, comprise base 1, endosphere 2, ectosphere 3, stationary installation 4, unidirectional motor 5, reversing motor 6, generating laser 7 and interior axle, endosphere 2 and ectosphere 3 are hollow ball, wherein endosphere 2 is made by trnaslucent materials, the hollow cylinder of stationary installation 4 for being made by transparent material, ectosphere 3 is fixed on the base 1, ectosphere 3 is divided into transparent episphere and translucent lower semisphere by the horizontal loop that is parallel to base, wherein transparent episphere represents day hemisphere, translucent lower semisphere represents night hemisphere, endosphere 2 be located in the ectosphere 3 and with the ectosphere 3 same centre ofs sphere, interior axle comprises left half axle 8 and right axle shaft 9, two-semiaxle 8,9 axis is crossed on the straight line of the centre of sphere at same, the inner of left half axle 8 and right axle shaft 9 is separately fixed at the two ends, the left and right sides of endosphere 2, base 1 comprises a prismatoid, the right and left of prismatoid all is fixedly connected with support 18, the outer end of left half axle 8 and right axle shaft 9 is passed ectosphere 3 and is connected on the support 18, all offer half obstructed axis hole of outer end on the support 18 of prismatoid the right and left, the outer end of left half axle 8 and right axle shaft 9 is stretched into respectively the left right side of corresponding half axis hole and is fixed, right axle shaft 9 is provided with adjusting handle 16, two-semiaxle 8,9 can drive endosphere 2 under adjusting handle 16 controls rotates vertically, unidirectional motor 5 is fixed on the N limit of endosphere 2 inwalls, the output shaft of unidirectional motor 5 is connected with the first rotating shaft by shaft coupling, the axis of the first rotating shaft is crossed the centre of sphere, the first rotating shaft comprises near the nearly semiaxis 11 of unidirectional motor 5 with away from the semiaxis far away 12 of unidirectional motor 5, stationary installation 4 is fixedly connected between nearly semiaxis 11 and the semiaxis 12 far away, when rotating, the output shaft of unidirectional motor 5 drives stationary installation 4 synchronous rotaries, reversing motor 6 is fixed on the hollow inwall of stationary installation 4, the output shaft of reversing motor 6 is the second rotating shaft 20, the intersect vertical axis of the axis of the second rotating shaft 20 and the first rotating shaft is in the centre of sphere, offering porose or groove through centre of sphere place in the second rotating shaft 20, generating laser 7 is fixedly mounted in the hole or groove in the second rotating shaft 20, the light beam of generating laser 7 emissions is crossed the centre of sphere and vertical with the second rotating shaft 20, reversing motor 6 is used for driving generating laser 7 to-and-fro movement in 52 minutes scopes of 46 degree, i.e. to-and-fro movement between north and south latitude 23 degree 26 minutes; Semiaxis 12 far away is provided with power supply gatherer 13, power supply gatherer 13 comprises three metal contact pieces, it is terminal and do not contact mutually that three metal contact pieces are wrapped in semiaxis far away 12, be fixedly connected with power connection equipment 14 on the S limit of endosphere 2 inwalls, power connection equipment 14 is the tubular body, be provided with three brushes of corresponding connection with above-mentioned three metal contact pieces in the body, left half axle 8 is tubular shaft, tubular shaft is used for the circuit on the power supply gatherer 13 being stretched out in the endosphere 2 and being compiled in base 1, base 1 is provided with four control knobs, is respectively unidirectional motor 5, reversing motor 6, the gauge tap that the power switch of generating laser 7 and reversing motor 6 turn to.
As shown in Figure 3, photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention, the two poles of the earth of endosphere 2 indicate respectively N and S, endosphere 2 is marked with the warp the same with mark on the terrestrial globe, parallel, also indicate equatorial line on the endosphere 2, the north and south tropic, the north and south polar circle, get under the line a diameter on left half axle 8 and right axle shaft 9 axis on the circle of line, the two-end-point of this diameter indicates respectively E and W, represent respectively due east direction and positive west to, be marked with 12 o'clock high noons/local longitude at a warp vertical with interior bulb diameter EW, indicate successively at 11 o'clock every 15 degree eastwards, 10 o'clock, 9 o'clock, indicate successively at 13 o'clock every 15 degree westwards, 14 o'clock, 15 o'clock, East and West direction indicates at 0 o'clock in another warp overlapping position vertical with EW/and 24 o'clock, the intersection point place of the warp of 12 o'clock/local longitude and each parallel indicates latitude successively at noon, northwards be followed successively by: north 5 degree, north 23 degree 26 minutes, north 30 degree, arctic N is followed successively by southwards: south 5 degree, south 23 degree 26 minutes, south 30 degree, South Pole S.
As shown in Figure 4, photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention, ectosphere 3 outer walls are marked with the large cylindrical of level, on the large cylindrical with endosphere 2 on E, the corresponding position of W indicates respectively E, W, diameter two ends vertical with its diameter EW on the large cylindrical indicate respectively N along clockwise direction from the beginning of W point, S, the large cylindrical at ESWN place represents horizontal circle on the ectosphere 2, horizontal circle is divided into up and down two hemisphere with ectosphere 2, be day hemisphere and night hemisphere, wherein day hemisphere represents the sky that can observe with observing, night hemisphere represents the sky that can not observe with observing, day hemisphere top represents observation ground zenith D, zenith D place offers circular aperture, the night hemisphere bottom represents observation ground nadir H, E on the horizontal circle, S, W, N represents respectively the east of day hemisphere and night hemisphere intersection, south, the west, the north to, the aperture that supplies left half axle 8 and right axle shaft 9 to pass on the ectosphere 3 lays respectively at E, the W place, on the outer wall of ectosphere 3 also mark be provided with take zenith D and nadir H as the two poles of the earth with terrestrial globe on the same parallel, horizontal circle is 0 °, being+90 ° to the zenith place, is-90 ° to a day bottom; Warp is to go out every 15 scales, cross warp that S orders and the mark south, intersection point place of horizontal circle, eastwards each warp mark successively+15 ° ,+30 ° ..., westwards each warp mark successively-15 ° ,-30 ° ..., direct north warp DN be+180 ° with-180 ° coincidence line.
Output shaft first rotating shaft of unidirectional motor 5 is rotated counterclockwise in this device, and namely rotation from West to East rotated a circle in per 24 hours, output shaft second rotating shaft 20 to-and-fro movement between the tropic of north and south of reversing motor 6, and every motion one-period is 365 days; This device can improve the rotating speed of unidirectional motor 5 and double-line electric machine 6 when demonstrating as instruments used for education with multiple, so that observation demonstration effect; The relativeness of the endosphere reflection sun and earth system in this device, during namely take the earth's core as true origin, the position relationship of the sun and the earth, the time on the longitude reflection observation ground on the endosphere 2, endosphere 2 one the week 360 ° be divided into 24 hours, then 15 ° of expressions of the every rotation of the first rotating shaft are through one hour, and ectosphere 3 represents the sky on different latitude observation ground on the earth, and the longitude and latitude on the ectosphere 3 is used for tolerance sun orientation on high; Take the earth as reference system, the sun is to turn around the earth to make circular motion in one day.When sun direct projection equator, the observer sees that the sun is exactly to do circular motion perpendicular to the ground on high on the equator, and that other latitude areas observe the sun's motion circumference is angled with ground, and this angle is exactly 90 ° and deducts local latitude, realizes by rotating endosphere 2 in this device.
To observe summer solstice solar motion rules as example in north latitude 30 degree areas, using method of the present invention is as follows:
This device is when needs observation solar motion diurnal motion rule, tolerance solar azimuth and elevation angle, operate as follows: turn on the power switch, light generating laser 7, the laser spots of laser projection to endosphere 2 spheres, by the reversing motor 6 on the adjusting of the adjusting button on the base 1 stationary installation 4, laser spots will move along a warp on the endosphere 2, and laser spots is moved on on 26 minutes the parallel of endosphere 2 north latitude, 23 degree; Rotate endosphere 2 by adjusting handle 16, make endosphere 2 north latitude 30 degree parallels by the aperture at a D place, sky of ectosphere 3, open again the switch of unidirectional motor 5, under the drive of unidirectional motor 5, laser spots can move westwards along 26 minutes parallel of endosphere north latitude 23 degree moving from east orientation, at this moment the movement locus of laser spots on ectosphere 3 is exactly that the sun is at north latitude 30 degree area day aerial apparent motion tracks; When laser spots moves to the warp place of endosphere during 2 mornings 10, the sun when representing local local time 10, corresponding laser spots projects the sphere of ectosphere 3, the position angle of the sun on high when the number of degrees of laser spots place ectosphere 3 warps are exactly local local time 10, the elevation angle of the sun on high when the number of degrees of laser spots place ectosphere 3 parallels are exactly local local time 10.
This device is when observing the sunrise orientation and calculating the sunshine-duration, operate as follows: laser spots is moved at endosphere 2 north latitude 23 degree 26 degree parallels, the horizontal circle of the parallel of this endosphere 2 and ectosphere 3 (ectosphere ESWN circle) has east, two intersection points in west, ectosphere 3 warps of crossing intersection point place in the east are the sunrise position angle with the difference of longitude of the E point place warp of ectosphere 3, and the difference of longitude of the warp of the ectosphere 3 at the western intersection point of mistake place and the W point place warp of ectosphere 3 is the sunset position angle; Spend time of marking on endosphere 2 warps at intersection point place in the east between at sunrise, spending the time that marks on endosphere 2 warps at western intersection point place is sunset time, is the north latitude regional sunshine-duration of 30 degree between sunset time deducts at sunrise.
Because endosphere 2 can adjusting between positive and negative 90 degree in this device, make any parallel of endosphere 2 cross zenith D, two limits of ectosphere 3, also can overlap with the zenith D of ectosphere 3, so the apparent motion of the sun rule at this device Observable any latitude area and the two poles of the earth; Because the reversing motor 6 in the stationary installation of this device is regulated arbitrarily laser spots in 26 minutes latitude of positive and negative 23 degree of endosphere, so the apparent motion rule of this device Observable Various Seasonal; Because generating laser 7 can make laser spots do unrestricted circular motion at endosphere 2 ball walls under the drive of unidirectional motor 5 in this device, so the solar azimuth of any time in this device Observable one day.Do not considering the factors such as height above sea level, high mountain stop, the apparent motion rule in Same Latitude area is identical on the earth, so this device is a fexible unit.
Under the impact of the factors such as the face of the looking angle of the refraction when not considering that sunray is passing atmospheric envelope, the sun, high mountain stop, sea level elevation, the sun is an area source for the earth, and shining tellurian sunshine is parallel rays.The horizontal circle on certain observation ground is the tangent plane of crossing this ground on the earth sphere on the earth.
In order to analyze sun diurnal motion rule, set up two spherical coordinate systems and analyze, so that understand technique scheme.
Shown in Fig. 5 (a), take the earth's core O as true origin, the earth's axis is NS, take OS place straight line as the x axle, if cross the warp of observation station A and the intersection point G in equator, straight line OG place straight line is the z axle, with cross that A order meet at the E point through the vertical straight line of coil and the sphere of the east, A ground, take OE as the y axle, set up spherical coordinate system.Then observation station A is in coordinate plane xOz, and coordinate plane yOz is the equatorial plane.This spherical coordinate system can be used for studying the sun with respect to the characteristics of motion in the earth's core, and the diurnal motion track of sun R is justified under the line upper or is parallel on the roundlet in equator.
Shown in Fig. 5 (b), take observation station A as true origin, the normal OA of A ground horizontal circle is z ' axle, with A ground be x ' axle through the tangent straight line of coil, take with cross A through the vertical straight line of coil as y ' axle, set up spherical coordinate system.Then the plane determined of x ' axle and y ' axle is A ground horizontal circle, and z ' axle is crossed the earth's core, z ' axle indication A ground zenith D, y ' axle is parallel with the y axle, y ' axle is indicated due east, A ground direction, x ' axle indicate A ground Due South to.Can study easily the sun with respect to the orientation on observation ground at this spherical coordinate system.
Shown in Fig. 5 (c), if it sun is at the R place direct projection earth, namely sunray passes through the earth's core herein, because sunray is parallel rays, so the sunray AR ' that observes parallel with OR A, so AR ' and OR all equate with coordinate axis and the coordinate plane angulation (being the orientation) of two coordinate systems.So analyze the sun when the orientation of coordinate system A-x ' y ' z ', this coordinate system translation can be made its initial point A overlap with the earth's core O, i.e. the true origin of two coordinate systems coincidence, and the y axle of two coordinate systems overlaps with y ' axle, such as Fig. 9.If the latitude of observation ground A is for being α, the regulation north latitude is being for just, and south latitude is for bearing, and along y axle negative sense viewing coordinates plane xOz, is rotated counterclockwise and is positive angle.Then coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ' two coordinate systems when y axle (y ' axle) the rotation alpha angle are overlapped, or with coordinate system O-xyz two coordinate systems coincidence when y axle (y ' axle) rotation-α angle; Namely investigate the orientation of OR in coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ', need only be with coordinate system O-xyz around y axle (y ' axle) rotation-α angle, the orientation of OR in coordinate system O-xyz be the orientation of OR in coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ' namely; In other words, investigate the orientation of OR in coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ', also can be with OR around y axle rotation alpha angle, OR orientation in coordinate system O-xyz is exactly original OR orientation in coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ' like this.Because in the coordinate system O-xyz take O as true origin, the sunray OR that centre of sphere place observes is by the centre of sphere, and therefore available image on from gnomonic projection to the endosphere sphere represents the sun.
To shown in Figure 5, the longitude and latitude of endosphere 2 represents the orientation among the spherical coordinate system O-xyz such as Fig. 3, and the longitude and latitude of ectosphere 3 represents that the ball mark is the orientation in O-x ' y ' z ' the observation ground celestial sphere.WE overlaps with coordinate axis y ' and y, and z ' axle is crossed ectosphere 3 zenith D and namely observed ground zenith D, and ectosphere 3 great circle ENWS represent observation ground horizontal circle, and ectosphere 3 great circle NDS are in coordinate plane xOz; Endosphere 2NS overlaps with axle x.The warp of endosphere 12 o'clock/local longitude at 2 mark high noon was the warp on observation ground, and it is in coordinate plane xOz, also in coordinate plane x ' Oz '.Can regulate latitude of observation by rotating endosphere 2, make the observation station parallel by ectosphere 3 zenith D, then sunray OR also follows also i.e. orientation in ectosphere 3, the orientation that is adjusted among the O-x ' y ' z ' in the orientation of coordinate system O-xyz, because the rotation of whole endosphere 2, the orientation of OR in coordinate system O-xyz do not change, and namely the sun does not change with respect to the orientation of the earth centre of sphere.Like this, by the motion of the endosphere 2 tolerance sun with respect to the earth's core, with respect to different observation motion of points on the earth, namely by two spherical coordinate systems the motion of these two different angles observations is intuitively shown on photoelectric armillary sphere of the present invention simultaneously by the ectosphere 3 tolerance sun.Regulate reversing motor 6, make generating laser 7 luminous points on a certain latitude of endosphere 2, namely represent this latitude area on the sunray direct projection earth, under the driving of unidirectional motor 5, the even band of luminous point this latitude circle on endosphere 2 rotates, the movement of expression subsolar point on earth sphere, the sun in the moment in the time of can reading with respect to observation regional center by the warp of label time on the endosphere 2 at generating laser 7 luminous point places.The correspondence position of the luminous point of generating laser 7 on ectosphere 3 be exactly observation ground should the time this moment the sun, its position angle and elevation angle are read in the ball warp parallel outside.From endosphere 2, know the position of sun at 9 o'clock in the morning when being A regional center, its direct projection latitude number can be read from the parallel at sun R place on the endosphere 2, when making the parallel process ectosphere 3 zenith D of observation ground A by adjusting handle rotation endosphere 2, be about to coordinate system O-xyz and OR around y (y) axle rotation alpha angle, the orientation of the sun R of observation station place in coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ' can longitude and latitude from ectosphere 3 be read after the rotation, be that the orientation of sun R in coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ' can be read from longitude and the latitude of ectosphere 3, ectosphere 3 longitudes represent that the sun and A ground are through angle that coil becomes, it is solar azimuth, latitude represents the angle that the sun becomes with horizontal circle, i.e. sun altitude.
Above-described embodiment is described preferred implementation of the present invention; be not that scope of the present invention is limited; design under the prerequisite of spirit not breaking away from the present invention; various distortion and improvement that those of ordinary skills make technical scheme of the present invention all should fall in the definite protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. photoelectric armillary sphere, it is characterized in that: comprise base (1), endosphere (2), ectosphere (3), stationary installation (4), unidirectional motor (5), reversing motor (6), generating laser (7) and interior axle, described endosphere (2), ectosphere (3) and stationary installation (4) are hollow component, wherein endosphere (2) is made by trnaslucent materials, stationary installation (4) is made by transparent or semitransparent material, described ectosphere (3) is fixed on the base (1), ectosphere (3) is divided into transparent episphere and translucent lower semisphere by the horizontal loop that is parallel to base, described endosphere (2) be located in the ectosphere (3) and with the same centre of sphere of ectosphere (3), described interior axle comprises left half axle (8) and right axle shaft (9), two-semiaxle (8,9) axis is crossed on the straight line of the centre of sphere at same, the inner of described left half axle (8) and right axle shaft (9) is separately fixed at the two ends, the left and right sides of endosphere (2), left half axle (8) passes ectosphere (3) with the outer end of right axle shaft (9) and links to each other with base (1), two-semiaxle (8, fix and can drive endosphere (2) about outer end 9) and rotate vertically, described unidirectional motor (5) is positioned at endosphere (2), be fixed on wherein extremely going up of endosphere (2) the two poles of the earth, the output shaft of unidirectional motor (5) is connected with the first rotating shaft by shaft coupling, the axis of the first rotating shaft is crossed the centre of sphere, described the first rotating shaft is fixedly connected with stationary installation (4) at sphere center position, described reversing motor (6) is fixed on the hollow inwall of stationary installation (4), the output shaft of reversing motor (6) is the second rotating shaft (20), the axis of the second rotating shaft (20) and the intersect vertical axis of the first rotating shaft are in the centre of sphere, generating laser (7) is fixedly mounted in the second rotating shaft (20), the light beam of generating laser (7) emission is crossed the centre of sphere and vertical with the axis of the second rotating shaft (20), and reversing motor (6) is used for driving generating laser (7) to-and-fro movement in 52 minutes scopes of 46 degree.
2. photoelectric armillary sphere according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described the first rotating shaft comprises near the nearly semiaxis (11) of unidirectional motor (5) with away from the semiaxis far away (12) of unidirectional motor (5), described stationary installation (4) is fixedly connected between nearly semiaxis (11) and the semiaxis (12) far away, described semiaxis far away (12) is provided with power supply gatherer (13), described power supply gatherer (13) comprises three metal contact pieces, above-mentioned three metal contact pieces are wrapped in semiaxis far away (12) end and do not contact mutually, relative with unidirectional motor (5) one is fixedly connected with power connection equipment (14) on extremely in described endosphere (2) the two poles of the earth, described power connection equipment (14) is for being positioned at the tubular body of endosphere (2), be provided with three brushes of corresponding connection with above-mentioned three metal contact pieces in the body, described left half axle (8) or and right axle shaft (9) be tubular shaft, above-mentioned tubular shaft is used for the circuit on the power supply gatherer (13) being stretched out in the endosphere (2) and being compiled in base (1), base (1) is provided with four control knobs, is respectively unidirectional motor (5), reversing motor (6), the gauge tap that the power switch of generating laser (7) and reversing motor (6) turn to.
3. photoelectric armillary sphere according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the two poles of the earth of described endosphere (2) indicate respectively N and S, described endosphere also indicates warp on (2), parallel, equatorial line, the north and south tropic, the north and south polar circle, get under the line a diameter on left half axle (8) and right axle shaft (9) axis on the circle of line, the two-end-point of this diameter indicates respectively E and W, be marked with " 12 o'clock high noons/local longitude " at a warp vertical with interior bulb diameter EW, indicate successively at 11 o'clock every 15 degree eastwards, 10 o'clock, 9 o'clock, 8 o'clock, 7 o'clock, 6 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 4 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 2 o'clock, 1 o'clock, indicate successively at 13 o'clock every 15 degree westwards, 14 o'clock, 15 o'clock, 16 o'clock, 17 o'clock, 18 o'clock, 19 o'clock, 20 o'clock, 21 o'clock, 22 o'clock, 23 o'clock, East and West direction indicates at 0 o'clock in another warp overlapping position vertical with EW/and 24 o'clock, the intersection point place of the warp of 12 o'clock/local longitude and each parallel indicates latitude successively at noon, northwards be followed successively by: north 15 degree, north 23 degree 26 minutes, north 30 degree, north 45 degree, north 60 degree, north 75 degree, arctic N is followed successively by southwards: south 15 degree, south 23 degree 26 minutes, south 30 degree, south 45 degree, south 60 degree, south 75 degree, South Pole S.
4. described photoelectric armillary sphere according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described unidirectional motor (5) is fixed on the N limit place of described endosphere (2), and described power connection equipment (14) is fixed on the S limit place of described endosphere (2).
5. photoelectric armillary sphere according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described base (1) comprises a prismatoid, the right and left of described prismatoid all is fixedly connected with support (18), the outer end of described left half axle (8) and right axle shaft (9) is passed ectosphere (3) and is connected on the support (18), the support of prismatoid the right and left all offers half axis hole on (18), the outer end of left half axle (8) and right axle shaft (9) is stretched into respectively the left right side of corresponding half axis hole and is fixed, and described left half axle (8) or right axle shaft (9) are provided with adjusting handle (16).
6. photoelectric armillary sphere according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described ectosphere (3) outer wall is marked with the large cylindrical of a level, on the described large cylindrical with endosphere (2) on E, the corresponding position of W indicates respectively E, W, diameter two ends vertical with its diameter EW on the large cylindrical indicate respectively N along clockwise direction from the beginning of W point, S, the large cylindrical at the upper ESWN place of described ectosphere (3) represents horizontal circle, horizontal circle is divided into up and down two hemisphere with ectosphere (3), the episphere top represents observation ground zenith D, zenith D place offers circular aperture, the lower semisphere bottom represents observation ground nadir H, E on the horizontal circle, S, W, N represents respectively the east of episphere and lower semisphere intersection, south, the west, the north to, the upper aperture that supplies left half axle (8) and right axle shaft (9) to pass of described ectosphere (3) lays respectively at E, the W place, on the outer wall of ectosphere (3) also mark be provided with take zenith D and nadir H as the two poles of the earth warp and parallel, cross warp that S orders and the mark south, intersection point place of horizontal circle, eastwards each warp mark successively+15 °, + 30 °, + 45 °, + 60 °, + 75 °, + 90 °, + 105 °, + 120 °, + 135 °, + 150 °, + 165 °, westwards each warp marks-15 ° successively,-30 °,-45 °,-60 °,-75 °,-90 °,-105 °,-120 °,-135 °,-150 °,-165 °, direct north warp DN be+180 ° with-180 ° coincidence line.
7. photoelectric armillary sphere according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described stationary installation (4) is spheroid, right cylinder or regular polygon.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110268052 CN102289984B (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-09-09 | Photoelectric armillary sphere |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100761780A CN102136217A (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-03-25 | Photoelectric armillary sphere |
| CN201110076178.0 | 2011-03-25 | ||
| CN 201110268052 CN102289984B (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-09-09 | Photoelectric armillary sphere |
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| CN102289984A CN102289984A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
| CN102289984B true CN102289984B (en) | 2013-05-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2011100761780A Pending CN102136217A (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-03-25 | Photoelectric armillary sphere |
| CN2011203394609U Expired - Lifetime CN202258109U (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-09-09 | Photoelectric armillary sphere |
| CN 201110268052 Expired - Fee Related CN102289984B (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-09-09 | Photoelectric armillary sphere |
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| CN2011100761780A Pending CN102136217A (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-03-25 | Photoelectric armillary sphere |
| CN2011203394609U Expired - Lifetime CN202258109U (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-09-09 | Photoelectric armillary sphere |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI506603B (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2015-11-01 | Nat Taipei University Of Education | Three - dimensional stereoscopic motion of the moon |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102136217A (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2011-07-27 | 汪和平 | Photoelectric armillary sphere |
| CN103915939B (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2016-08-17 | 汪汇川 | A kind of restriction can be along the device reversing indicators turn angle |
| CN103943024B (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2017-12-08 | 吴育忠 | Celestial coordinate system represents instrument |
| CN104575244B (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2017-07-11 | 汪和平 | A kind of apparent motion of the sun measurement and demenstration method and its apparatus for demonstrating |
| CN108257499A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-07-06 | 熊春锦 | Direct sunlight demonstrates mechanism |
| CN108254914A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-07-06 | 中国科学院上海天文台 | A kind of automatic switching control equipment and the astronomical telescope including the automatic switching control equipment |
| CN109248453B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-30 | 济南爱动动漫科技有限公司 | Spherical instrument |
| KR102694734B1 (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2024-08-13 | 최지원 | Smart Celestial globe device |
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| US5141442A (en) * | 1988-12-02 | 1992-08-25 | Bernard Melguen | Apparatus and didactic method for teaching and showing primary orbital phenomena and various movements |
| CN2145422Y (en) * | 1993-01-30 | 1993-11-03 | 侯文海 | Photoelectricity astronomy globe |
| CN2601438Y (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-01-28 | 厦门外国语学校 | Solar cycle apparatus motion demonstrator |
| CN201611434U (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2010-10-20 | 上海市育才初级中学 | Spherical lens scaphe with recording function |
| CN202258109U (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-05-30 | 汪和平 | Photoelectric armillary sphere |
-
2011
- 2011-03-25 CN CN2011100761780A patent/CN102136217A/en active Pending
- 2011-09-09 CN CN2011203394609U patent/CN202258109U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2011-09-09 CN CN 201110268052 patent/CN102289984B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5141442A (en) * | 1988-12-02 | 1992-08-25 | Bernard Melguen | Apparatus and didactic method for teaching and showing primary orbital phenomena and various movements |
| CN2145422Y (en) * | 1993-01-30 | 1993-11-03 | 侯文海 | Photoelectricity astronomy globe |
| CN2601438Y (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-01-28 | 厦门外国语学校 | Solar cycle apparatus motion demonstrator |
| CN201611434U (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2010-10-20 | 上海市育才初级中学 | Spherical lens scaphe with recording function |
| CN202258109U (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-05-30 | 汪和平 | Photoelectric armillary sphere |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI506603B (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2015-11-01 | Nat Taipei University Of Education | Three - dimensional stereoscopic motion of the moon |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102136217A (en) | 2011-07-27 |
| CN102289984A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
| CN202258109U (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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