CN102285795A - Dental compound-color cuttable zirconia ceramic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Dental compound-color cuttable zirconia ceramic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to dental compound-color cuttable zirconia ceramic and a preparation method thereof. The zirconia ceramic has the characteristics of semi-transparency and gradual color change and comprises more than five ceramic layers with an identical tone and different saturation degrees, the brightness is gradually reduced from a ceramic top end to a bottom layer, the saturation degree is gradually increased, and the color is naturally transited and has a stratified feeling; and the presintered porous ceramic blank of the zirconia ceramic is easily molded through cutting, an individualized and attractive dental zirconia all-ceramic prosthesis can be manufactured through a CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing) system, the zirconia ceramic is favorable to preserving an abutment tooth, and the success rate of repair is increased. The preparation method of the dental compound-color cuttable zirconia ceramic is simple and effective and is easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the dental zirconium oxide pottery, specifically a kind of dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics and preparation method.
Background technology
Bioceramic material has good aesthetic and biocompatibility, in the dental prosthetic field, is usually used in making metal ceramic prosthesis and full porcelain dummy.The metal ceramic prosthesis combines the intensity of metal and the aesthetic effect of pottery effectively, but has perishable gingival discoloration and the inflammation of causing of metal under the oral environment, and the light transmission missionary society of metal base influences the shortcomings such as final aesthetic of dummy.Therefore metal-free full porcelain dummy (full porcelain veneer, inlay, onlay, all-ceramic crown etc.) is subjected to more and more doctors and patient's welcome.
The stupalith that is used to make full porcelain dummy can be divided three classes by main component, comprises silicates pottery, glass infiltration alumina-ceramic and zirconia ceramics.Wherein, silicates pottery and glass infiltration aluminum oxide brittleness of ceramics is big, intensity is not high, only can be used for the reparation of leaf-comb, veneer and labial teeth three unit pontics, and can not be used for backteeth district or the fixed bridge reparation of many units.Zirconia ceramics begins to be used to make dental prosthesis from the mid-90 in 20th century, particularly adds the toughness reinforcing zirconia ceramics of stablizer and has excellent mechanical intensity, chemical stability and biocompatibility.Mechanical property is best in toughened zirconium oxide ceramic, also is a kind of dentistry full ceramic restoration material that is most widely used at present for the stable cubic polycrystal zirconia ceramic (main component of following Zirconium powder or pottery is three yttriums and stablizes the cubic polycrystal zirconium dioxide) of interpolation 3mol% yttrium.Distinctive Ma Shi transformation toughening mechanism makes its flexural strength after tight burning can reach 900～1200MPa, fracture toughness property 9～10MPam1/2, thereby effectively suppress crackle formation and stop crack propagation to improve to repair success ratio, can be used to make posterior all ceramic crowns or many units fixed bridge.
Zirconia ceramics can utilize CAD/CAM system to carry out machining, mainly contain two kinds of methods during clinical application: a kind of is that zirconia ceramics porcelain piece to densified sintering product carries out machining, the dental prosthesis of moulding need not sintering once more, but the zirconia ceramics porcelain piece hardness of this densification is very high, difficult cutting, tooling cost height, length consuming time.The porous ceramics cutting system has appearred in the later stage nineties, and the zirconium oxide porcelain base of presintering is loose porous but possess certain intensity, is convenient to very much machining.Amplify the dummy of cutting forming by computer, experience subordinate phase tight burning reaches fine and close, volumetric shrinkage to a certain degree takes place in this process, thus the ratio of enlargement during cutting forming should with the shrinking percentage coupling in the sintering process, to improve the edge suitability of final zirconium oxide prosthesis.The zirconium oxide porcelain piece sintering linear shrinkage difference that different manufacturers is produced is about 20～30%.Along with CAD/CAM (computer aided design (CAD) and processing) technology reaches its maturity, precision and working (machining) efficiency that full porcelain dummy is made significantly improve, and machinable zirconia ceramics is used also more and more widely.
But, the machinable zirconia ceramics color that can be used for dental CAD/CAM system clinically is single, be the chalk look, translucency is poor, very big with natural teeth face look and translucency difference, and can not reappear the natural teeth color regularity of distribution, and promptly natural facing 1/3 descends to neck 1/3 translucency gradually from cutting of tooth body, and lightness descends, colorimetric purity increases, and is red partially, yellow.The deficiency attractive in appearance of machinable zirconia ceramics has limited it and has repaired in beauty treatment, the application during particularly front teeth cosmetic is repaired.Attractive in appearance in order to improve, must carry out thicker surface decorations porcelain when making the full porcelain dummy of zirconium white.This based at the bottom of the zirconia base-there is following shortcoming in the full porcelain dummy of lamination of thicker decorations porcelain: (1) is unfavorable for retaining and protecting of abutment for guaranteeing the bigger tooth preparation amount of thickness needs of decorations porcelain; (2) need the skilled worker chamber to finish outer dyeing and decorations porcelain, the toning complex steps, the complete processing complexity can't be given full play to advantage---the simplified processing process of CAD/CAM maximum, saves time and expense; (3) interface between the porcelain can increase scattering of light at the bottom of thicker decorations porcelain and the zirconia base, further reduces the translucency of dummy; (4) interfacial state and the mechanical compatibility of porcelain is relatively poor at the bottom of decorations porcelain and the zirconia base, collapses porcelain easily, takes off the phenomenon that porcelain or enamel coating rupture fully, thereby cause dummy to be failed.
Therefore, the aesthetic that improves the machinable zirconia ceramics becomes the possible method that addresses this problem.According to the Kubelka-Munk theory, the color of substrate crown and natural teeth is approaching more, and the two color is coupling more, and the lightness and the chroma that only need to regulate dummy by a small amount of decorations porcelain can reach the ideal aesthetic.In recent years, Chinese scholars is studied the dyeing process of zirconia ceramics, as international monopoly US6709694, relates to the component and the compound method of the staining fluid that can be used for zirconia ceramics porous porcelain base.International monopoly US5219805 and for example obtains can be used to make the ivory buff zirconia ceramics of orthodontic bracket by rare-earth metal doped oxide compound and transition metal oxide in Zirconium powder.And for example domestic patent CN1994334, the metal oxide by mixing and have tinting strength in Zirconium powder obtains machinable colored zirconium oxide ceramics.Wherein, than the outer staining of using staining fluid, the color of colored zirconium oxide ceramics is more natural, more stable based on staining in the powder blended, the easier control of preparation processing quality.But the dummy that uses these single painted zirconia ceramics processing to obtain does not have the ability of simulation natural teeth color gradient effect, so still needs complicated loaded down with trivial details surface decorations porcelain and dyeing to obtain the full porcelain dummy of dentistry attractive in appearance.Compare the evenly painted full porcelain substrate crown of zirconium white, secondary color gradual change, translucent zirconia ceramics substrate hat can be simulated color, semipermeability and the distribution characteristics thereof of natural teeth better.But, do not see research, processing and application report at present about the translucent zirconia ceramics of secondary color gradual change.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics of dental aesthetics reparation use and preparation method thereof, with simplified processing process, improving the aesthetic property of the full porcelain dummy of zirconium white and improving the reparation success ratio is main purpose.For achieving the above object, design a kind of dental CAD/CAM cutting forming can used, dental zirconium oxide pottery with similar natural teeth translucency and color gradient effect particularly has the preparation of colored zirconium oxide powder of different colours feature and the preparation method of the synergetic secondary color zirconia ceramics of layering biscuit.
A kind of dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics, be square, rectangular parallelepiped or right cylinder, high 14 ± 0.2mm, have translucent, the color gradient feature, comprise same hue more than five kinds, the enamel coating of different saturation, wherein tone is based on yellow product and orange chromaticity, the colo(u)r breakup stack, aberration between the adjacent two layers is less than 1 NBS, be the aberration unit of National Bureau of Standards (NBS National Bureau of Standards) regulation, aberration was difficult for being discovered by human eye less than 1 o'clock, and this zirconia ceramics reduces gradually from the top to the bottom lightness, saturation ratio increases gradually, and the transition of color nature has gradation sense.
The presintering porous porcelain base of this zirconia ceramics is easy to cut, and can design, process by dental CAD/CAM system.CAD system when design,,, hold neck to owe the shape face to move up and down, obtain the higher or lower dummy of whole saturation ratio along cutting by the position of the virtual dummy of software control in the porcelain piece according to the colorimetric result who intends repairing natural teeth; Perhaps its Position Design is carried out cutting forming after being special angle with porcelain piece horizontal plane, coronal-plane, obtain each face look incomplete same dummy, thereby give full play to the advantage of computer aided design (CAD), make the full porcelain dummy of zirconium white consistent as far as possible, be beneficial to the better aesthetic effect of acquisition with natural teeth color gamut and characteristic distributions.When cutting forming amplified in the CAM system, ratio of enlargement was 20～22%, and the volumetric shrinkage with zirconium oxide prosthesis in the compensation tight burning process improves the edge suitability.
A kind of preparation method of dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics, may further comprise the steps: (1) is with reference to natural teeth color scope, biological nano level white Zirconium powder and colored zirconium oxide powder that main component is identical, mix the colored zirconium oxide mixed powder of the different saturation of preparation between two kinds of powder colors according to a certain percentage; (2) utilize the layering superimposing technique to prepare secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics biscuit, dry-pressing, cold isostatic compaction, described machinable zirconia ceramics biscuit is the colored zirconium oxide powder by the same tone more than five kinds, different saturation, and the order layering that increases progressively according to saturation ratio is formed by stacking; Described dry-pressing pressure is 3～4MPa; Described isostatic cool pressing pressure is 200MPa, pressurize 1～3 minute; (3) secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics biscuit prepares secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics porous porcelain base through high temperature presintering, and described presintering process is from room temperature, at the uniform velocity heats up 150 minutes to 950 ℃, is incubated 60 minutes, naturally cools to room temperature; (4) secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics porous porcelain base prepares secondary color zirconium white machinable ceramic through the high temperature tight burning, and described tight burning process is from room temperature, at the uniform velocity heats up 150 minutes to 1450 ℃, is incubated 120 minutes, naturally cools to room temperature.(5) polishing, cleaning.
Distribute according to the natural teeth color space, when determining preparation colored zirconium oxide mixed powder, the shared massfraction of colored zirconium oxide powder (wt%) is 5～40%.
During preparation secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics biscuit, in the adjacent two layers colored zirconium oxide mixed powder, the massfraction difference of colored zirconium oxide powder is smaller or equal to 10%.
The colored zirconium oxide powder is yellow product zirconium white or orange chromaticity Zirconium powder, and main component is identical with white Zirconium powder, and chemical reaction does not take place during mixing, and the mechanical property and the biocompatibility of zirconia ceramics sintered compact do not had influence.
The layering superimposing technique of preparation secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics biscuit allows by adjusting the addition of every layer of colored zirconium oxide powder, the color number of plies that comprises in the control biscuit and every layer width, thereby the translucent zirconia ceramics of personalized secondary color that preparation has the different colours fade effect, the demand of aesthetics being repaired the full ceramic material of zirconium white with the crowd who satisfies color gamut with different natural teeth and distribution characteristics.
Technique effect
Dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics of the present invention is the secondary color stack, the enamel coating that comprises same hue, different saturation more than five kinds, present translucent, secondary color fade effect, simulated the color and the distribution characteristics of natural teeth better, need not or only need thin layer decorations porcelain to regulate lightness on a small quantity and chroma can reach sufficient aesthetic property.
The presintering porous porcelain base of dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics of the present invention has certain intensity and favorable mechanical processing characteristics, and available CAD system carries out personalized dummy design, the full porcelain dummy of zirconium white that obtains having the different colours feature; Utilize the CAM system to carry out cutting forming and prepare dental prosthesis, improved working (machining) efficiency and precision.
When utilizing dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics of the present invention to make the full porcelain dummy of zirconium white, abutment tooth preparation requirement is few, helps preserving the tooth body, increases the maintenance power of dummy, has improved the fold resistance of abutment and dummy and has repaired success ratio; Reduced the influence of decorations porcelain to the whole translucency of dummy, permeability is better; Simplified complete processing, need not the technician and carry out complicated color matching and outer dyeing processing, give full play to the CAD/CAM system complete processing simply, advantage efficiently, save clinical treatment time and expense, operative technique simply is convenient to promote.
The preparation method of secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics of the present invention, technology is simple, effect stability and control easily.The simple control easily of the preparation method of colored zirconium oxide powder, the colored zirconium oxide powder that obtains having the different colours characteristics by the ratio of adjusting mixing element.The layering superimposing technique can be used for making the personalized secondary color zirconia ceramics biscuit that is fit to different crowd, by adjusting the addition of every layer of colored zirconium oxide powder, the color number of plies (more than five layers) that comprises in the control biscuit and every layer width, preparation has the porcelain piece of different colours intensity of variation, and simulation has the natural teeth of different color scope and characteristic distributions better.Chinese's tooth lightness height for example, saturation ratio is low, hold the neck colour-change bigger from cutting, dental aesthetics can adopt with the layering of layering superimposing technique preparation less when repairing, layer is wide bigger, and the relatively large zirconia ceramics of the aberration of color nature transition and three parts from the top to the bottom is made dental prosthesis.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics of the present invention.The density of " " is represented colorimetric purity among the figure, the zone that density is big more, and colorimetric purity is high more.
Fig. 2 is the preparation method's of a dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics of the present invention flow process chart.
Embodiment
The preparation mass-tone is adjusted to light yellow, and the dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics with five species saturations is used dental CAD/CAM system and made maxillary central incisors complete crown dummy:
The raw material of Zirconium powder: white and yellow product Zirconium powder, main component is (wt%): Y
2O
35.2 ± 0.5, Al
2O
30.1～0.4, and micro-Na
2O, SiO
2, Fe
2O
3, all the other are ZrO
2, actual particle size is about 90nm.
The preparation of colored zirconium oxide powder: white Zirconium powder and yellow product Zirconium powder are respectively according to massfraction ratio (wt%): 60%: 40%, 70%: 30%, 80%: 20%, 90%: 10%, the mixing of weighing in 95%: 5%, every kind of mixed powder total mass is 10g; Insert in the sealed tube, be labeled as 1,2,3,4 respectively according to aforementioned proportion, No. 5, mixing.
The preparation of secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics biscuit: order according to 1 to 5, take by weighing the colored zirconium oxide mixed powder respectively with electronic balance, quality is as follows: 3,2,2,2,3 (g), the order that increases progressively according to saturation ratio adds successively in the rectangular parallelepiped mould that (dry-pressing pressure is 4Mpa for 14mm * 15mm * 20mm), layering stack to.The secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics base substrate for preparing is tightly wrapped up with plastic film, insert in the cold isostatic press, the forming pressure compacted under of 200MPa and pressurize 3 minutes.
The preparation of secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics porous porcelain base: (high 18mm ± 0.2mm) inserts presintering in the high temperature porcelain oven body: from room temperature with the secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics biscuit of moulding, at the uniform velocity heated up 150 minutes to 950 ℃, be incubated 60 minutes, naturally cool to room temperature.The secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics porous porcelain base that obtains has certain intensity and is easy to CAD/CAM and designs, processes.With reference to intend repairing natural teeth (maxillary central incisors) colorimetric result, virtual dummy is placed the central position of porcelain piece, utilize the CAM system to amplify 20% cutting forming.
Utilize the full porcelain dummy of maxillary central incisors zirconium white of secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics porous porcelain base of the present invention machine-shaping, carry out tight burning: from room temperature, at the uniform velocity heated up 150 minutes to 1450 ℃, be incubated 120 minutes, naturally cool to room temperature.Polishing, cleaning.
Naked eyes and stereomicroscope observation: the full porcelain dummy of maxillary central incisors zirconium white smooth surface, flawless pore-free, present translucency, the color distribution homogeneous of each face of dummy, color distribution rule unanimity, increase gradually from cutting to hold to the neck saturation ratio, translucency descends gradually, presents the light yellow gradient gradual change of deepening gradually, has stronger color gradation sense and vitality.
Vita EasyShade electronics color measurement instrument carries out colour examining to maxillary central incisors zirconium oxide prosthesis labial surface, cutting end and neck according to colour examining explanation respectively reserves 2mm and avoids light leakage phenomena to influence the colour examining result, middle portion is got trisection point from cutting to hold to neck along major axis, end 1/3 is cut in representative respectively, in 1/3 and neck 1/3.The result shows: be followed successively by B2, B3, B4 and 2L1.5,2.5L2.5,3.5M3 with reference to Vita Classic system and the colorimetric result of Vita 3D-Master system.According to Munsell system description color characteristic, the measuring result (average) of L (lightness), C (saturation ratio), H (tone): cut end 1/383.52,18.55,96.2; In 1/381.55,27.87,95.43; Neck 1/379.06,34.65,92.7.
Above result shows the secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics that utilizes light yellow tone, the full porcelain substrate crown of zirconium white by dental CAD/CAM system processing and fabricating, have the translucent of similar natural teeth and color gradient feature, the surface is aided with thin layer decorations porcelain and can obtains personalization, the full porcelain dummy of zirconium white attractive in appearance in case of necessity, brought into play the advantage of dental CAD/CAM system better, complete processing is simple, saves consultation hours and expense.
Claims (8)
1. dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics, it is characterized in that: described zirconia ceramics has translucent, color gradient feature, the enamel coating that comprises same hue, different saturation more than five kinds, reduce gradually to the bottom lightness from ceramic top, saturation ratio increases gradually, aberration between the adjacent two layers is less than 1 NBS, and the transition of color nature has gradation sense, can be used to make the full porcelain dummy of dental zirconium oxide.
2. the preparation method of dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics according to claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) with reference to natural teeth color scope, biological nano level white Zirconium powder and colored zirconium oxide powder that main component is identical mix according to a certain percentage, the colored zirconium oxide powder of the different saturation of preparation between two kinds of powder colors;
(2) utilize the layering superimposing technique to prepare secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics biscuit, through dry-pressing, cold isostatic compaction, described secondary color stack zirconia ceramics biscuit is the colored zirconium oxide powder by same hue, different saturation more than five kinds, and the order layering that increases progressively according to saturation ratio is formed by stacking; Described dry-pressing pressure is 3～4MPa; Described isostatic cool pressing pressure is 200MPa, pressurize 1～3 minute;
(3) secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics biscuit prepares secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics porous porcelain base through presintering, and described presintering process is from room temperature, at the uniform velocity heats up 150 minutes to 950 ℃, is incubated 60 minutes, naturally cools to room temperature;
(4) the porous porcelain base of secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics prepares secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics through tight burning, and described tight burning process is from room temperature, at the uniform velocity heats up 150 minutes to 1450 ℃, is incubated 120 minutes, naturally cools to room temperature.
(5) polishing, cleaning.
3. the preparation method of dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics according to claim 2, the massfraction (wt%) that wherein said colored zirconium oxide powder accounts for mixed powder is 5～40%.
4. the preparation method of dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics according to claim 2, during wherein said preparation secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics biscuit, in the adjacent two layers colored zirconium oxide mixed powder, the massfraction difference of colored zirconium oxide powder is smaller or equal to 10%.
5. be yellow product zirconium white or orange chromaticity Zirconium powder according to claim 3 or 4 described colored zirconium oxide powders.
6. the preparation method of dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramics according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the layering superimposing technique for preparing secondary color zirconium oxide porcelain piece biscuit allows by adjusting the addition of every layer of colored zirconium oxide powder, the color number of plies that comprises in the control biscuit and every layer width, thereby the translucent zirconia ceramics of personalized secondary color that preparation has the different colours fade effect, the demand of aesthetics being repaired the full ceramic material of zirconium white with the crowd who satisfies color gamut with different natural teeth and distribution characteristics.
7. the full porcelain dummy of dental zirconium oxide according to claim 1 is characterized in that being by the porous porcelain base machine-shaping of claim 1 and 2 described dentistry secondary color machinable zirconia ceramicss.
8. the full porcelain dummy of dental zirconium oxide according to claim 7, it is characterized in that the machine-shaping process can be finished by dental CAD/CAM system, according to the colorimetric result who intends repairing natural teeth, adjust the position of virtual dummy in the zirconic porous porcelain of this secondary color machinable base by CAD system, the color gamut and the distribution characteristics of each face of design dummy are made the full porcelain dummy of personalized dentistry attractive in appearance; Amplify cutting forming by the CAM system, ratio of enlargement is 20～22%, and the volumetric shrinkage with zirconium oxide prosthesis in the compensation tight burning process improves the edge suitability.
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