CN102260461A

CN102260461A - Smoke-free polishing treatment solution for high-gloss aluminum sectional material and use method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN102260461A
Application number: CN2011101837700A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈东初; 黄护明
Original assignee: Foshan University
Current assignee: Guangdong Xingfa Aluminium Co ltd
Priority date: 2011-07-01
Filing date: 2011-07-01
Publication date: 2011-11-30
Anticipated expiration: 2031-07-01
Also published as: CN102260461B

Abstract

The invention provides a smoke-free polishing treatment solution for a high-gloss aluminum sectional material and a use method thereof. The smoke-free polishing treatment solution is characterized by comprising 85% H3PO4, 98% H2SO4, 30% hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate or perchloric acid or sodium molybdate or ammonium persulfate or sodium vanadate, cerium nitrate or sodium silicate, imidazoline or benzotriazole or phytic acid or thiourea, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or sodium benzene sulfonate or sodium toluene sulfonate or sodium xylene sulfonate, and nickel chloride or nickel sulfate or lead acetate. Compared with the prior art, the smoke-free polishing treatment solution provided by the invention has advantage of no generation of high-pollution NOx yellow smoke, and enables the surface of the aluminum sectional material to have excellent gloss and no pitting microscopic defects.

Description

The smokeless-polishing treatment soln and the using method of high glossiness aluminium section bar

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of polishing fluid and using method, particularly aluminium section bar polishing fluid and using method thereof.

Background technology

Aluminium section bar is little because of its density, specific tenacity is high, easy machine-shaping, can cast, can strengthen, feature performance benefits such as the heat-conductivity conducting ability is strong, no low temperature brittleness, nonmagnetic, strong, anti-nuclear radiation to the light and heat reflection potential, be applied to numerous areas such as automobile, aerospace, building decoration, household electrical appliances, instrument, computer, mobile phone, haberdashery and hardware, become consumption at present and be only second to iron and steel and occupy second structural metallic materials.Owing to be subjected to physical abuse easily in the aluminium alloy machine-shaping process, cause surface imperfection such as cut, wearing and tearing, in order to eliminate these surface imperfection in the course of processing, can adopt the method for mechanical polishing, chemical rightenning or electrochemical etching usually, thereby obtain the surface of good glossiness.Chemical rightenning not only has good polishing effect, simultaneously its treatment process is easy, simple to operate, production efficiency is high, applied widely, production cost is lower, not limited by the workpiece geomery, waits until that at aluminium section bar for building, decorative material, industry profile, automobile component, optical material other high-tech product uses very extensive.

The technology that the chemical rightenning of aluminum current section bar is adopted promptly is can reach the polishing purpose aluminium section bar is soaked for some time in " three acid " (phosphoric acid one sulfuric acid one nitric acid) chemical brightening solution after mainly based on traditional " three acid " chemical rightenning technology.Contain a large amount of nitric acid in traditional " three acid " chemical brightening solution, therefore can produce the yellow smog of the big NOx of a large amount of toxicity in polishing process, the grievous injury workman is healthy, etching apparatus, pollutant atmosphere and reduction liquid bath life-span.Advocating the development of environmentally friendly production technique at present both at home and abroad, the traditional application of " three acid " chemical rightenning technology in industry is subjected to more and more stricter restriction, two acid type chemical rightenning technologies of no nitric acid have been represented the development in future direction, and various additive plays important role in the smokeless-polishing prescription.

Summary of the invention

That goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide a kind of yellow smog of NOx that can not produce high pollution and give the good glossiness of aluminium shape surface and do not have the smokeless-polishing treatment soln and the using method of the high glossiness aluminium section bar of pit microdefect.

The smokeless-polishing treatment soln of high glossiness aluminium section bar of the present invention is achieved in that and comprises that concentration is 85% H ₃PO ₄, concentration is 98% H ₂SO ₄, concentration is 30% hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate or perchloric acid or Sodium orthomolybdate or ammonium persulphate or vanadic acid sodium, cerous nitrate or water glass, tetrahydroglyoxaline or benzotriazole or phytic acid or thiocarbamide, dodecyl phenenyl sulfate or benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt or toluenesulfonic acid sodium salt or sodium xylene sulfonate, nickelous chloride or single nickel salt or plumbic acetate, the content of said components is:

H ₃PO ₄： 375mL～750mL

H ₂SO ₄： 250mL

Hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate or perchloric acid or Sodium orthomolybdate or ammonium persulphate or vanadic acid sodium: 1～10 g/L

Cerous nitrate or water glass: 0.05～1g/L

Tetrahydroglyoxaline or benzotriazole or phytic acid or thiocarbamide:

0.1～1g/L

Dodecyl phenenyl sulfate or benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt or toluenesulfonic acid sodium salt or

Sodium xylene sulfonate: 0.1～1g/L

Nickelous chloride or single nickel salt or plumbic acetate 0.1～2g/L

The using method of the smokeless-polishing treatment soln of high glossiness aluminium section bar of the present invention is achieved in that successively and comprises:

(1) aluminium section bar is washed with deionized water, removed the dust dirt settling;

(2) aluminium shape surface is done pre-treatment, its technical process is washing-oil removing;

(3) use the smokeless-polishing treatment soln of high glossiness aluminium section bar of the present invention to carry out polished finish, temperature is 80～90 ℃, and the aluminium section bar chemical rightenning treatment time is 60～250S; After processing reaction is finished, can form aluminium shape surface with high glossiness;

(4) water flushing aluminium section bar workpiece dries naturally, gets final product.

During polished finish, the aluminium shape surface electrochemical nonuniformity makes surperficial micro cathode, micro anode generation electrochemical reaction, becomes Al at the al dissolution of aluminium section bar specimen surface ³⁺, dissolved Al ³⁺From the surface to the solution internal divergence.

Aluminium shape surface Al ³⁺The reaction that generates can be expressed as follows:

Anodic reaction: Al-3e ^-→ Al ³⁺(1)

Cathodic reaction: 2H ⁺+ 2e ^-→ H ₂(2)

When containing oxygenant such as potassium permanganate easily, also there is following reaction (3) in cathodic reaction, therefore can quicken the cathodic reaction process, sets up Al dissolving and passivation running balance, therefore the acceleration of whole surperficial microbattery reaction has improved the dissolution rate of aluminium shape surface.

MnO ₄ ^2-?+?8H ⁺?+?5e-?→?Mn ²⁺?+?4H ₂O （3）

Polished finish liquid of the present invention is by H ₃PO ₄, H ₂S0 ₄Form with additive.The main effect of phosphoric acid is the aluminium and the aluminum oxide of dissolved aluminum section bar surface structure microscopic protrusions part, the phosphoric acid in the solution can and Al ³⁺In conjunction with generating one deck viscosity liquid film, surface attached to aluminium section bar, carrying out along with reaction, the aluminum ion that dissolves again is when the solution bulk diffusion, the viscosity liquid film of aluminium shape surface convex part is thin, the aluminum ion that dissolves is easy to diffusion, and recess mucus liquid film is thicker, and aluminum ion is difficult for diffusion.Convex part dissolving as a result is fast, and the recess dissolving is slow, thereby has realized the leveling polishing process.Then quality of finish is poor if phosphoric acid concentration is low, if its excessive concentration, then polishing velocity is slow excessively.Sulfuric acid can improve the activity of polishing fluid, and the aluminium of solubilized aluminium shape surface and aluminum oxide are accelerated polishing velocity.

Hydrogen peroxide etc. can promote dissolving and passivating process, improve the leveling performance, but the too high meeting of its concentration makes aluminium shape surface generate dense oxidation film and hinders polishing process, and consumption is too high may produce other side reactions, and consumption is controlled at 1 gL ^-1～10 gL ^-1

Metal ions such as nickel reducible one-tenth metal simple-substance in polishing fluid is deposited on the aluminium surface and becomes the negative electrode point, forms local microbattery, the dissolving of aluminium around having promoted, thus play the leveling effect, improve polishing glossiness.But the too high generation that can influence the viscosity liquid film of the consumption of metal-salt is unfavorable for obtaining high-gloss surface on the contrary, and amount of metal salts is controlled at 0.1 gL ^-1～2 gL ^-1

Dodecyl phenenyl sulfates etc. can wetting aluminum alloy surface, promotes bubble to separate out fast, also can suppress the generation of surperficial pit.

Cerous nitrates such as tetrahydroglyoxaline etc. mainly play inhibition and leveling effect, can reduce the solution loss of aluminium alloy at polishing process, be adsorbed on the aluminium surface after, can also reduce erosion rate at surperficial recess and improve the leveling effect.Its consumption is DeGrain then very little, the too high speed that can reduce the dissolving polishing, and consumption is controlled at 0.05 gL ^-1～1 gL ^-1With 0.1 gL ^-1～1 gL ^-1

Also there are very big influence polish temperature and time to the aluminium alloy quality of finish, prolong polishing time at short notice and can improve the aluminium shape surface glossiness, but dissolving is crossed on the long surface of will causing of polishing time, also is easy to generate defectives such as tubercular corrosion, thereby reduces glossiness.The too high aluminium alloy that also can make of polish temperature dissolves the too fast base material excessive erosion that causes, and reduces and throws glossiness, but also can cause substrate loss serious.Therefore should strictly control polishing time in optimum range, polish temperature is at 60 ~ 90 ℃, and polishing time is better at 60～250S.

The beneficial effect that the present invention adopts above-mentioned technical solution to reach is:

The present invention selects for use sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid as main basal liquid, introducing hydrogen peroxide etc. can be set up the running balance of Al dissolving and passivation, single nickel salts etc. can improve polishing efficiency, can under lower temperature, (reduce about 10 ℃) and finish the surface evening effect in the time fast in 60～250s with respect to traditional method, introduce cerous nitrate, tetrahydroglyoxaline and dodecyl phenenyl sulfate and can reduce corrosion default and dissolving weightlessness, improve leveling quality of finish and polishing efficiency.The aluminium shape surface glossiness height of this polishing fluid preparation, the aluminium alloy rate of weight loss is little in the polishing process, and preparation technology has that technology is simple, energy consumption is relatively low, production efficiency is high, solution-stabilized, little to the influence of aluminium fatigue property, do not produce advantages such as the yellow smog environmental pollution of NOx is few, the traditional technology that bans use of gradually can be replaced, the surface treatment of aluminium section bar, aluminum alloy casting and Al-alloy products can be widely used in.

Embodiment:

Now in conjunction with the embodiments the present invention is done and describes in further detail:

The smokeless-polishing treatment soln of high glossiness aluminium section bar of the present invention is achieved in that and comprises that concentration is 85% H ₃PO ₄, concentration is 98% H ₂SO ₄, concentration is 30% hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate or perchloric acid or Sodium orthomolybdate or ammonium persulphate or vanadic acid sodium, cerous nitrate or water glass, tetrahydroglyoxaline or benzotriazole or phytic acid or thiocarbamide, dodecyl phenenyl sulfate or benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt or toluenesulfonic acid sodium salt or sodium xylene sulfonate, nickelous chloride or single nickel salt or plumbic acetate, when preparing, solution of the present invention needs fully to stir, so that solution mixes, it is as shown in the table for the content of said components:

?

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Example 6

Example 7

Example 8

Example 9

Example 10

Example 11

H ₃PO ₄（mL）

375

560

750

375

560

750

375

560

750

375

560

H ₂SO ₄（mL）

250

Hydrogen peroxide g/L

1

?

Potassium permanganate g/L

?

2

?

Perchloric acid g/L

?

3

?

1

Sodium orthomolybdate g/L

?

4

?

10

?

Ammonium persulphate g/L

?

5

?

9

?

Ammonium persulphate g/L

?

6

?

8

?

Vanadic acid sodium g/L

?

7

?

Cerous nitrate g/L

0.05

?

0.25

?

0.45

?

0.65

?

0.85

?

1.00

Water glass g/L

?

0.15

?

0.35

?

0.55

?

0.75

?

0.96

?

Tetrahydroglyoxaline g/L

0.1

?

0.8

?

Benzotriazole g/L

?

0.3

?

1.0

?

0.6

?

Phytic acid g/L

?

0.5

?

0.9

?

0.4

?

0.5

Thiocarbamide g/L

?

0.7

?

0.2

?

Dodecyl phenenyl sulfate g/L

0.1

?

0.8

?

Benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt g/L

?

0.3

?

1.0

?

0.6

?

Toluenesulfonic acid sodium salt g/L

?

0.5

?

0.9

?

0.4

?

0.5

Sodium xylene sulfonate g/L

?

0.7

?

0.2

?

Nickelous chloride

0.1

?

0.9

?

1.6

?

Single nickel salt g/L

?

0.3

?

0.7

?

1.0

?

1.4

?

1.8

?

Plumbic acetate g/L

?

0.5

?

1.2

?

2.0

The smokeless-polishing treatment soln using method of high glossiness aluminium section bar of the present invention is as follows successively:

A, 6063 aluminium shape surfaces are carried out deionized water washing, remove the dust dirt settling;

B, will immerse by 40 gL through the aluminium section bar after a step process ^-1Na ₃PO ₄12H ₂O, 15 gL ^-1Na ₂CO ₃, gL ^-1In 60～70 ℃ of degreasing fluids that NaOH forms, carry out the 1min oil removal treatment, reaction is finished and is used deionized water rinsing, dries;

C, will place the smokeless-polishing treatment soln of the high glossiness aluminium section bar of the above embodiment of the present invention to handle through the aluminium section bar after the b step process; Treatment temp is 90 ℃, and the treatment time is 150S;

D, will dry kept dry naturally through the aluminium section bar deionized water rinsing after the c step process.Polish the back microscopic appearance as shown in Figure 1, the 6063 aluminium section bar glossiness that obtain after the polishing are 112.

Claims

1. the smokeless-polishing treatment soln of high glossiness aluminium section bar is characterized in that comprising that concentration is 85% H ₃PO ₄, concentration is 98% H ₂SO ₄, concentration is 30% hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate or perchloric acid or Sodium orthomolybdate or ammonium persulphate or vanadic acid sodium, cerous nitrate or water glass, tetrahydroglyoxaline or benzotriazole or phytic acid or thiocarbamide, dodecyl phenenyl sulfate or benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt or toluenesulfonic acid sodium salt or sodium xylene sulfonate, nickelous chloride or single nickel salt or plumbic acetate, the content of said components is: