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CN102250189A - 一种具有1,12-二烯-3-酮骨架的甘草次酸衍生物、其制备方法及医药用途 - Google Patents

一种具有1,12-二烯-3-酮骨架的甘草次酸衍生物、其制备方法及医药用途 Download PDF

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CN102250189A
CN102250189A CN 201110131028 CN201110131028A CN102250189A CN 102250189 A CN102250189 A CN 102250189A CN 201110131028 CN201110131028 CN 201110131028 CN 201110131028 A CN201110131028 A CN 201110131028A CN 102250189 A CN102250189 A CN 102250189A
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CN102250189B (zh
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赖宜生
沙磊
缪泽鸿
张奕华
宦霞娟
丁健
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China Pharmaceutical University
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及药物领域,具体涉及一种具有1,12-二烯-3-酮骨架的甘草次酸衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,它们的制备方法及医药用途,特别是在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。药理实验结果表明,该类化合物具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,临床上可用于制备抗肿瘤药物。

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一种具有1,12-二烯-3-酮骨架的甘草次酸衍生物、其制备方法及医药用途
技术领域
本发明涉及药物领域,具体涉及一种具有1,12-二烯-3-酮骨架的甘草次酸衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,它们的制备方法,含有这些衍生物的药用组合物以及它们的医药用途,特别是在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。 
背景技术
甘草是我国常用的中草药品种之一,《神农本草经》将其列为药之上乘。中医理论认为,甘草性平味甘,具有和中缓急、润肺、解毒、祛痰、止咳、通经脉、利气血、调和诸药等功效。甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)及其苷元甘草次酸(glycyrrhetic acid)是甘草的主要活性成分。研究表明,甘草酸和甘草次酸具有抗炎、抗溃疡、抗病毒、降血脂、清除自由基、保肝及防治肿瘤等多种生物活性(Asl MN,Hosseinzadeh H.PhytotherRes,2008,22(6):709-724)。 
Figure BSA00000499944900011
然而,长期或大剂量使用该类药物可引起假性醛固酮增多症,其特征表现为钠潴留、钾排泄增多,从而导致水肿、高血压、四肢瘫痪和低血钾症等。其原因可能是由于该类化合物C环中存在“11-酮-12-烯”结构,因此能和皮质激素A环“3-酮-4-烯”竞争性与5β-还原酶的活性位点结合,从此抑制该酶的活性。5β-还原酶是调节体内皮质激素代谢的重要酶系,抑制其活性将会减少皮质激素的清除率,同时提高皮质激素的半衰期,从而引发假性醛固酮增多症(Atherden LM.Biochem J,1958,69(1):75-78;Shibata S,Takahashi K,Yano S,Harada M,et al.Chem Pharm Bull,1987,35(5):1910-1918)。研究表明,11-脱氧甘草次酸及其衍生物能克服或降低假性醛固酮副作用(Kagawa CM.Endocrinology,1960,67:125-132;Farina C,Pinza M,Pifferi G.Il Farmaco,1998,53(1):22-32)。 
在防治肿瘤方面,甘草次酸能预防肿瘤发生(Nishino H,Yoshioka K,Iwashima A,et al.JpnJ Cancer Res,1986,77(1):33-38)、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞分化(Ukil A,Biswas A, Das T,et al.J Immunol,2005,175(2):1161-1169)与凋亡(Hibasami H,Iwase H,Yoshioka K,et al.Int JMol Med,2006,17(2):215-219)。然而,甘草次酸的抗肿瘤活性相对较低(黄炜,黄济群,张东方,等.中西医结合肝病杂志,2003,13(3):148-150;黄炜,黄济群,张东方,等.中国肺癌杂志,2003,6(4):254-257),为此人们开展了甘草次酸结构修饰与改造。 
Safe等人在2008年1月3日出版的国际专利WO2008000070中公开了一些甘草次酸衍生物,发现2-氰基-3,11-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(CDODA-Me)具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。Salomatina等人在俄罗斯专利(RU2393165)中公开了2-氰基-3,11-氧代-齐墩果烷-1,12,18-三烯-30-羧酸甲酯(CDOTA-Me)对人肿瘤KB-3-1、KB-8-5和HeLa细胞增殖具有较好的抑制活性。2010年,Song等人报道了2-氰基-3,12-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,11-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(CDODO-Me-12)对人白血病细胞增殖具有良好的抑制作用(Song D,Gao Y,Wang R,et al.Cancer Biol Ther,2010,9(2):96-108)。然而,这些甘草次酸衍生物仍保留“11-酮-12-烯”或其类似的“11-烯-12-酮”骨架。 
Figure BSA00000499944900021
为了提高甘草次酸的抗肿瘤活性,同时克服或降低其假性醛固酮增多症,本发明公开了一种具有1,12-二烯-3-酮骨架的甘草次酸衍生物。 
发明内容
本发明公开了一种具有1,12-二烯-3-酮骨架的甘草次酸衍生物、其制备方法及医药用途。药理实验显示,本发明的甘草次酸衍生物具有优良的抗肿瘤活性,因此,该类化合物可用于治疗肿瘤疾病。 
本发明公开的化合物是通式(I)所示的甘草次酸衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐: 
Figure BSA00000499944900022
其中: 
R1代表氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、羟基、三氟甲基、巯基、硝基、氨基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氨基、OR3或OC(O)R3; 
R2代表CN、CH2OC(Ph)3、CO2H、CO2R4、CH2OH、CH2OC(O)R4或C(O)NR5R6; 
R3代表C1-C6烷基; 
R4代表C1-C6烷基或C6-C10芳香基,其中所述芳香基可任选地用一个或多个选自以下的基团取代:卤素原子、硝基、氰基、氨基或羟基; 
R5和R6可相同或不同,代表氢原子、C1-C6烷基、或R1和R2与跟它们连接的氮原子一起形成5-7元杂环基团,该杂环基团可任选地包含一个或多个选自O、S、N或NH的其它杂原子,并且该杂环基团可任选地由下述相同或不同的取代基单取代至五取代,所述取代基包括:卤素原子、羟基、硝基、氰基、氨基、C1-C6烷基或C1-C6烷氧基; 
其中,下式(a-c)化合物除外: 
Figure BSA00000499944900031
进一步地,通式(I)所示的甘草次酸衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于: 
R1代表H、OH、Cl、Br、I、CN、OR3或OC(O)R3; 
R2代表CN、CH2OC(Ph)3、CO2H、CO2R4、CH2OH、CH2OC(O)R4或C(O)NR5R6; 
R3代表CH3; 
R4代表CH3或C2H5; 
NR5R6代表NH2、哌嗪基或咪唑基。 
具体来说,通式(I)所示的甘草次酸衍生物优选自下列化合物: 
2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ia); 
2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ib); 
2-氯-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Id-1); 
2-溴-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Id-2); 
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ie-1); 
2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-1); 
2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-2); 
2-氯-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-3); 
2-溴-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-4); 
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-5); 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-6); 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸乙酯(Ig-7); 
2-乙酰氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-8); 
3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-1); 
N-甲基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-2); 
N-乙基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-3); 
3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰哌嗪(Ih-4); 
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-5); 
N-甲基-2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-6); 
N-乙基-2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-7); 
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰哌嗪(Ih-8); 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-9); 
N-甲基-2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-10); 
N-乙基-2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-11); 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰哌嗪(Ih-12); 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰咪唑(Ih-13); 
3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ii); 
2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ij); 
2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ik); 
2-氯-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Im-1); 
2-溴-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Im-2); 
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(In-1); 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Io); 
2-羟基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iq); 
2,30-二羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iy-1); 
2-羟基-3-氧代-30-乙酰氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iz-1)。 
下面药理实验中涉及的化合物代号等同于此处代号所对应的化合物。 
所述的化合物包括通式(I)化合物的所有构象异构体、旋光异构体以及外消旋体,非对映异构体以及互变异构体及立体异构体,以及任何上述形式的混合体。 
本发明的另一目的在于提供通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于: 
a)当R2为CO2H时,通式(I)化合物的制备方法为:甘草次酸经Clemmensen还原制得3β-羟基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯-30-酸(II),II与邻碘酰基苯甲酸(IBX)加热氧化生成3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(III),III在吡啶催化下与碘单质反应制得2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ia),Ia与氰化亚铜反应、或在碘化亚铜催化下与氟磺酰基二氟乙酸甲酯反应,分别制得2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ib)和2-三氟甲基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ic);III经双氧水氧化得1,2-环氧-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯-30-酸(IV),IV与氢卤酸(HX)或烷醇钠(R3ONa)反应分别制得2-卤素-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Id)和2-烷氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ie),Ie与盐酸反应生成2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(V),V与烷酸酐((R3CO)2O)反应制得2-烷酰氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(If);其合成路线如下: 
Figure BSA00000499944900051
其中,X代表F、Cl、Br,R3的定义如权利要求1-3所述; 
制备式(III)化合物的特征在于,溶剂选自二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)或乙酸乙酯;反应温度为60-120℃;反应时间为3-24小时; 
b)当R2为CO2R4或C(O)NR5R6时,通式(I)化合物的制备方法为:以a)制得的式(III)和式(Ia-If)化合物为原料,在碱性作用下与卤代烃(R4X)反应、或者与酰氯化试剂反应生成酰氯后再与相应的胺类化合物(HNR5R6)反应,分别制得酯类化合物(Ig)和酰胺类化合物(Ih);其合成路线如下: 
其中,R1、R4、R5和R6的定义如权利要求1-3所述; 
制备式(Ih)时,酰氯化试剂选自草酰氯、氯化亚砜或三氯化磷; 
c)当R2为CN时,通式(I)化合物的制备方法为:以b)制得的3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-甲酰胺(Ih-1)为原料,在脱水试剂作用下制得3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ii);参考a)的合成方法,Ii在吡啶催化下与单质碘反应制得2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ij),Ij与氰化亚铜反应、或在碘化亚铜催化下与氟磺酰基二氟乙酸甲酯反应,分别制得2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ik)和2-三氟甲基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Il);Ii与双氧水反应制得1,2-环氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯-30-腈(VI),VI与氢卤酸(HX)反应制得2-卤素-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Im);VI与烷醇钠(R3ONa)反应制得2-烷氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(In),In在盐酸作用下生成2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Io),Io与烷酸酐((R3CO)2O)反应制得2-烷酰氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ip);其合成路线如下: 
Figure BSA00000499944900062
其中,X为F、Cl或Br,R3的定义如权利要求1-3所述; 
制备式(Ii)时,脱水试剂选自三氟乙酸酐、乙酸酐、三氯氧磷或三氯化磷; 
d)当R2为CH2OH、CH2OC(Ph)3或CH2OC(O)R4时,通式(I)化合物的制备方法为:II经四氢铝锂还原制得3β-羟基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯-30-醇(VII),VII与三苯基氯甲烷反应生成3β-羟基-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯(VIII),VIII经IBX于室温下氧化制得3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯(IX),IX经叔丁醇钾氧化制得2-羟基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iq),Iq与烷酸酐((R3CO)2O)反应制得2-烷酰氧基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Ir);其合成路线如下: 
VIII与IBX加热氧化生成3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Is);参考a)的合成方法,Is在吡啶催化下与碘单质反应制得2-碘-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(It),It与氰化亚铜反应、或在碘化亚铜催化下与氟磺酰基二氟乙酸甲酯反应,分别制得2-氰基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iu)和2-三氟甲基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iv);Is经双氧水氧化得1,2-环氧-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯(X),X与氢卤酸(HX)或烷醇钠(R3ONa)反应分别制得2-卤素-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iw)和2-烷氧基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Ix);其合成路线如下: 
Figure BSA00000499944900072
式(Iq-Ix)化合物与盐酸和冰醋酸于室温下反应制得式(Iy)化合物;式(Iq-Ix)化合物与盐酸和有机酸(R4CO2H)回流反应制得式(Iz)化合物;其合成路线如下: 
Figure BSA00000499944900081
其中,X为F、Cl或Br,R1、R3和R4的定义如权利要求1-3所述; 
制备式(III)化合物的特征在于,溶剂选自DMSO,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为4h。 
制备式(Ih)化合物的特征在于,酰氯化试剂选自草酰氯。 
制备式(Ii)化合物的特征在于,脱水试剂选自三氟乙酸酐。 
本发明的进一步目的在于提供一种含有效量的本发明通式(I)化合物和药学上可接受的载体或辅料的药物组合物。 
本发明的再一目的是提供通式(I)化合物在制备治疗肿瘤药物中的应用,尤其是治疗肝癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌和胰腺癌药物中的应用。 
本发明化合物可以与其它抗肿瘤药物例如烷化剂(如环磷酰胺或顺铂)、抗代谢药(如5-氟尿嘧啶或羟基脲)、拓扑异构酶抑制剂(如喜树碱)、有丝分裂抑制剂(如紫衫醇或长春碱)、DNA插入剂(如阿霉素)联合应用,另外还可以与放射治疗联合应用。这些其它抗肿瘤药物或放射治疗可以与本发明化合物同时或在不同时间给予。这些联合治疗可以产生协同作用从而有助于改善治疗效果。 
本发明化合物抗肿瘤活性的药理实验方法与结果如下: 
采用磺酰罗丹明B(SRB)蛋白染色法评价本发明化合物对4种人癌细胞株的抗增殖活性。SRB法已广泛用于抗肿瘤药物筛选。阳性对照药为CDODA-Me和2-氰基-3,12-二氧代齐墩果烷-1,9(11)-二烯-28-羧酸甲酯(CDDO-Me)。其中,CDODA-Me是前面提及的甘草次酸衍生物;CDDO-Me是由五环三萜类天然产物-齐墩果酸结构改造而获得的具有良好抗炎和抗肿瘤活性的化合物,目前下处于II期临床研发阶段,用于治疗肿瘤和糖尿病性肾病。 
人癌细胞株:肝癌细胞SMMC-7721、结肠癌细胞HCT116、前列腺癌细胞PC3、胰腺癌细胞BxPC-3。 
实验方法:将处于对数生长期的细胞按合适密度接种至96孔培养板,每孔100μL,培 养过夜后,加入不同浓度的药物作用72h,每个浓度设三复孔,并设生理盐水溶媒对照及无细胞调零孔。作用结束后,贴壁细胞倾去培养液,加入10%三氯乙酸(100μL/孔)于4℃固定1h,随后用蒸馏水冲洗五次,待在室温下干燥后,每孔加入SRB溶液(4mg/mL,溶于1%冰乙酸)100μL,室温下孵育染色15min后,用1%冰乙酸冲洗五次洗去未结合的SRB,室温下干燥后,每孔加入10mM Tris溶液100μL,VERSMax酶标仪测定560nm波长下的光密度(OD值)。计算抑制率,实验结果如表1所示。 
Figure BSA00000499944900091
表1本发明部分化合物对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制率%(10-4μM)
Figure BSA00000499944900092
Figure BSA00000499944900101
药理实验结果表明,本发明化合物对人源性肿瘤细胞增殖具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中,大部分化合物的抗肿瘤活性优于先导化合物甘草次酸,部分化合物活性优于阳性对照药CDODA-Me和CDDO-Me。 
具体实施方式
为了进一步阐明本发明,下面给出一系列实施例,这些实施例完全是例证性的,它们仅用来对本发明具体描述,不应当理解为对本发明的限制。本发明所用甘草次酸购自西安富捷生物技术有限公司,含量>98%。 
实施例1 
3β-羟基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯-30-酸(II)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900102
氯化汞(3.60g,13.3mmol)溶于50mL 5%盐酸溶液中,加入锌粉(18g,0.28mol),室温搅拌30min,倾去水层,用二氧六环洗涤锌汞齐(10mL×3)。向新制备的锌汞齐中加入甘 草次酸(4.0g,8.51mmol)的二氧六环溶液(60mL),缓慢滴加15mL浓盐酸,30分钟内滴完,室温反应3h,减压蒸去大部分溶剂,加水200mL,充分搅拌30分钟,抽滤,冰醋酸重结晶,干燥,得白色针状粉末3.32g,收率75%,mp>300℃。 
3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(III)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900111
II(4.56g,10mmol)溶于60mL DMSO中,加入IBX(11.2g,40mmol),搅拌下缓慢升温至85℃,反应4h,加水200mL,乙酸乙酯萃取(80mL×3),依次用5%碳酸氢钠(30mL×3)、饱和食盐水(30mL×3)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,干燥,乙酸乙酯/石油醚重结晶得白色固体3.40g,收率74%,mp 277~279℃。 
2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ia)的制备 
III(1.0g,2.2mmol)溶于30mL无水THF中,依次加入单质碘(1.7g,6.6mmol)和吡啶(0.7g,8.6mmol),回流反应48h,冷却至室温,加入50mL 10%亚硫酸钠溶液,乙酸乙酯萃取(50mL×3),饱和食盐水洗涤(30mL×3),浓缩,柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=1∶8(V∶V)),得白色固体0.85g,收率68.5%,mp 137~141℃。 
ESI-MS 577.3[M-H]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3429,3329,2960,2935,2863,1726,1666,1585,1452,1384,1345,1219,1192,1161,1085,1022,993,963,827; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.802(s,3H,CH3),1.039(s,3H,CH3),1.131(s,6H,2×CH3),1.169(s,3H,CH3),1.215(s,3H,CH3),1.254(s,3H,CH3),5.347(brs,1H,C12-H),7.824(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例2 
2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ib)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900113
Ia(0.35g,0.61mmol)溶于20mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中,加入CuCN(110mg,1.21mmol),保持内温140℃反应2h,冷却至室温,加入50mL 10%FeCl3水溶液,析出灰色固体,抽滤,干燥,柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=1∶8(V∶V)),得白色固体220mg,收率76%,mp>300℃。 
ESI-MS 476.4[M-H]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3428,2955,2933,2868,2236,1695,1460,1385,1231,1180,972,817,617; 1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.879(s,3H,CH3),1.065(s,3H,CH3),1.073(s,3H,CH3),1.155(s,6H,2×CH3),1.163(s,3H,CH3),1.224(s,3H,CH3),1.228(s,3H,CH3),5.375(brs,1H,C12-H),7.752(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例3 
1,2-环氧-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯-30-酸(IV)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900121
III(0.90g,2.0mmol)溶于30mL THF中,加入2M氢氧化钠溶液8mL,滴加双氧水(6mL,30%)的甲醇溶液15mL,10分钟内滴加完毕,室温搅拌12h,减压蒸去大部分溶剂,加入50mL 5%盐酸水溶液,析出固体,抽滤,干燥,柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=10∶1(V∶V)),得白色固体0.78g,收率84%,mp 206~208℃。 
ESI-MS 486.3[M+NH4]+;503.6[M+Cl]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3426,2941,2870,1701,1458,1384,1333,1317,1261,1231,1167,1030,928,880,827,816,671; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.791(s,3H,CH3),1.021(s,3H,CH3),1.065(s,3H,2×CH3),1.110(s,3H,CH3),1.135(s,3H,CH3),1.177(s,3H,CH3),1.215(s,3H,CH3),3.382(d,1H,C1-H,J=4.1Hz),3.521(d,1H,C2-H,J=4.2Hz),5.339(brs,1H,C12-H). 
2-氯-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Id-1)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900122
IV(0.15g,0.321mmol)溶于10mL乙酸中,加入浓盐酸1mL,室温搅拌10h,加水30mL,析出白色固体,抽滤,干燥,得白色固体120mg,收率76.9%,mp 230~233℃。 
ESI-MS 487.3[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:2922,2862,1600,1697,1458,1383,1321,1226,1179,1101,964,925,815,761,673; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.830(s,3H,CH3),1.056(s,3H,CH3),1.168(s,3H,CH3),1.223(s,6H,2×CH3),1.244(s,6H,2×CH3),5.372(brs,1H,C12-H),7.238(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例4 
2-溴-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Id-2)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900131
IV(0.20g,0.427mmol)溶于20mL乙酸中,加入48%氢溴酸溶液1mL,于避光条件下,室温搅拌4h,加水50mL,析出白色固体,抽滤,干燥,得白色固体210mg,收率92.6%,mp 178~181℃。 
ESI-MS 531.3[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3890,3734,3671,3408,3196,2941,2866,1692,1604,1460,1383,1323,1257,1225,1161,1094,1024,932,804,750,669; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.830(s,3H,CH3),1.053(s,3H,CH3),1.172(s,3H,CH3),1.223(s,6H,2×CH3),1.235(s,6H,2×CH3),5.372(brs,1H,C12-H),7.501(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例5 
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ie-1)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900132
IV(0.30g,0.64mmol)溶于甲醇钠-甲醇(0.72g,31.3mmol)溶液30mL中,回流反应48h,减压蒸去大部分溶剂,于冰浴下加入20%盐酸调pH至2,析出白色固体,抽滤,水洗至中性,干燥,柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=1∶10(V∶V)),得白色固体160mg,收率51.9%,mp 154~156℃。 
ESI-MS 483.3[M+H]+;481.4[M-H]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3392,2953,2934,2868,1728,1699,1678,1624,1460,1384,1312,1220,1165,1092,1028,972,758,669; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.835(s,3H,CH3),1.059(s,3H,CH3),1.152(s,3H,CH3),1.190(s,3H,CH3),1.206(s,3H,CH3),1.217(s,6H,2×CH3),3.568(s,3H,OCH3),5.387(brs,1H,C12-H),5.980(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例6 
2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-1)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900141
Ia(0.24g,0.41mmol)溶于15mL DMF中,依次加入无水碳酸钟(70mg,0.51mmol)和碘甲烷(70mg,0.50mmol),室温搅拌12h,加水20mL,乙酸乙酯萃取(20mL×3),5%亚硫酸钠溶液洗涤(20mL×3),饱和食盐水洗涤(20mL×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=1∶60(V∶V)),得白色固体180mg,收率85.7%,mp 221~224℃。 
ESI-MS 593.3[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3429,3329,2964,2935,2860,1726,1676,1585,1452,1381,1317,1219,1192,1161,1085,1022,993,963,827,785,700,673,603,490; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.855(s,3H,CH3),1.039(s,3H,CH3),1.138(s,6H,2×CH3),1.166(s,3H,CH3),1.204(s,3H,CH3),1.253(s,3H,CH3),3.697(s,3H,OCH3),5.347(brs,1H,C12-H),7.819(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例7 
2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-2)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900142
参照Ig-1的制备方法,由Ib与碘甲烷反应制得淡黄色固体,收率82%,mp 261~263℃。 
ESI-MS 509.2[M+NH4]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3422,2974,2937,2864,2230,1722,1684,1458,1383,1223,1194,1163,1084,995,980,827,767,669; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.789(s,3H,CH3),1.065(s,3H,CH3),1.141(s,3H,CH3),1.153(s,6H,2×CH3),1.196(s,3H,CH3),1.222(s,3H,CH3),3.701(s,3H,OCH3),5.346(brs,1H,C12-H),7.762(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例8 
2-氯-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-3)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900151
参照Ig-1的制备方法,由Id-1与碘甲烷反应制得白色固体,收率91%,mp 244~247℃。 
ESI-MS 501.3[M+H]+;518.4[M+NH4]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3431,3387,2968,2939,2860,1728,1681,1063,1451,1429,1385,1330,1260,1219,1192,1163,1101,1082,1022,808,765,673; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.790(s,3H,CH3),1.049(s,3H,CH3),1.136(s,3H,CH3),1.162(s,3H,CH3),1.220(s,3H,CH3),1.242(s,3H,CH3),1.276(s,3H,CH3),3.696(s,3H,OCH3),5.344(brs,1H,C12-H),7.237(s,1H,C2-OH). 
实施例9 
2-溴-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-4)的制备 
参照Ig-1的制备方法,由Id-2与碘甲烷反应制得白色固体,收率90%,mp 249~251℃。 
ESI-MS 545.2[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3430,3343,2966,2931,2861,1726,1680,1597,1456,1383,1321,1260,1192,1161,1090,1022,798,673,607; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.790(s,3H,CH3),1.048(s,3H,CH3),1.138(s,3H,CH3),1.169(s,3H,CH3),1.218(s,3H,CH3),1.233(s,3H,CH3),1.257(s,3H,CH3),3.696(s,3H,OCH3),5.347(brs,1H,C12-H),7.500(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例10 
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-5)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900153
参照Ig-1的制备方法,由Ie-1与碘甲烷反应制得白色固体,收率89%,mp 95~98℃。 
ESI-MS 497.3[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3412,3392,2949,2866,1728,1680,1624,1458,1384,1315,1219,1192,1159,1090,1030,977,763,669; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.801(s,3H,CH3),1.055(s,3H,CH3),1.139(s,3H,CH3),1.149(s,6H,2×CH3),1.180(s,6H,2×CH3),3.566(s,1H,OCH3),3.694(s,3H,COOCH3),5.369(brs,1H,C12-H),5.984(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例11 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸(V)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900161
Ie-1(0.10g,0.21mmol)溶于20mL乙酸中,加入5%稀盐酸5mL,回流2h,冷却至室温,加水20mL,抽滤,柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=1∶8(V∶V)),得白色固体70mg,收率72.2%,mp 146~149℃。 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-6)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900162
参照Ig-1的制备方法,由V与碘甲烷反应制得白色固体,收率91%,mp 143~146℃。 
ESI-MS 483.3[M+H]+;500.3[M+NH4]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3443,2972,2943,2866,1730,1667,1641,1456,1410,1383,1257,1217,1192,1161,1085,1057,991,972,881,825,761,671,536,511; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.794(s,3H,CH3),1.040(s,3H,CH3),1.135(s,9H,3×CH3),1.306(s,3H,CH3),1,346(s,3H,CH3),3.695(s,3H,OCH3),5.330(brs,1H,C12-H),5.919(s,1H,C1-H),6.364(s,1H,C2-OH). 
实施例12 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸乙酯(Ig-7)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900163
参照Ig-1的制备方法,由V与溴乙烷反应制得白色固体,收率84%,mp 126~128℃。 
ESI-MS 497.4[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3441,2959,2870,1726,1667,1460,1385,1316,1254,1219,1159,1088,1026,976,868,806,767,673; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.793(s,3H,CH3),1.042(s,3H,CH3),1.127(s,3H,CH3),1.136(s,3H,CH3),1.234(s,3H,CH3),1.254(s,3H,CH3),1.298(s,3H,CH3),4.092~4.231(m,2H,OCH2),5.315(brs,1H,C12-H),5.923(s,1H,C1-H),6.365(s,1H,C2-OH). 
实施例13 
2-乙酰氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯(Ig-8)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900171
Ig-6(0.25g,0.52mmol)溶于10mL乙酸酐中,回流8h,冷却,加水20mL,析出固体,抽滤,柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=1∶40(V∶V)),得白色固体150mg,收率55.1%,mp158~160℃。 
ESI-MS 525.4[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3439,3389,3346,29242862,1764,1730,1682,1458,1375,1217,1161,1082,1037,984,827,671,601,509,465; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.790(s,3H,CH3),1.050(s,3H,CH3),1.136(s,3H,CH3),1.152(s,6H,2×CH3),1.220(s,3H,CH3),1.264(s,3H,CH3),2.211(s,3H,COCH3),3.695(s,3H,OCH3),5.329(brs,1H,C12-H),6.695(s,1H,C1-H),5.979(s,1H,C2-OH). 
实施例14 
3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-1)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900172
III(2.5g,5.53mmol)溶于50mL二氯甲烷中,滴加草酰氯(2.5mL)的二氯甲烷溶液15mL,30分钟滴毕,室温搅拌12h,减压蒸去过量的草酰氯及溶剂,干燥,得酰氯中间体;将其溶于50mL二氯甲烷中,通入干燥的NH3至反应体系pH至11~12,继续搅拌1h,浓缩,柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=1∶5(V∶V)),得白色固体2.2g,收率88.0%,mp 228~231℃。 
ESI-MS 452.4[M+H]+;486.4[M+Cl]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3446,3358,3202,2953,2926,2870,1667,1611,1456,1385,1361,1285,1246,1196,1159,1099,1028,926,826,752,665; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.824(s,3H,CH3),1.060(s,3H,CH3),1.109(s,3H,CH3),1.168(s,9H,3×CH3),1.191(s,3H,CH3),5.358(brs,1H,C12-H),5.715(brs,2H,NH2),5.812(d,1H,C1-H,J=10.1Hz),7.042(d,1H,C2-H,J=10.1Hz). 
实施例15 
N-甲基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-2)的制备 
参照Ih-1的制备方法,由III与甲胺气体反应制得淡黄色固体,收率90.8%,mp 276~278℃。 
ESI-MS 466.6[M+H]+;464.5[M-H]-;510.3[M+Cl]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3412,2943,2866,1659,1530,1462,1385,1248,1157,1101,1026,826,667,586; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.805(s,3H,CH3),1.055(s,3H,CH3),1.108(s,6H,2×CH3),1.164(s,6H,2×CH3),1.191(s,3H,CH3),2.847(d,3H,NCH3,J=4.5Hz),5.358(brs,1H,C12-H),5.633(brs,1H,NH),5.811(d,1H,C1-H,J=9.9Hz),7.045(d,1H,C1-H,J=10.2Hz). 
实施例16 
N-乙基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-3)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900182
参照Ih-1的制备方法,由III与乙胺气体反应制得淡黄色固体,收率80.2%,mp 249~251℃。 
ESI-MS 480.5[M+H]+;510.3[M+Cl]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3414,2972,2945,2920,2868,1655,1520,1466,1383,1240,1157,1101,827,669,586; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.805(s,3H,CH3),1.055(s,3H,CH3),1.108(s,6H,2×CH3),1.164(s,6H,2×CH3),1.191(s,3H,CH3),3.262~3.394(m,2H,NCH2),5.348(brs,1H,C12-H),5.586(brs,1H,NH),5.810(d,1H,C1-H,J=10.2Hz),7.043(d,1H,C1-H,J=10.2Hz). 
实施例17 
3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰哌嗪(Ih-4)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900191
参照Ih-1的制备方法,由III与无水哌嗪反应制得白色粉末,收率32.6%,mp 133~135℃。 
ESI-MS 520.5[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3422,3399,2947,2864,2859,1738,1668,1629,1460,1412,1383,1246,1099,1022,824,665; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.815(s,3H,CH3),1.043(s,3H,CH3),1.146(s,3H,CH3),1.159(s,3H,CH3),1.189(s,3H,CH3),1.225(s,6H,2×CH3),3.178(brs,4H,2×CH2N),3.654(brs,1H,NH),3.963(brs,4H,2×CH2NCO),5.342(brs,1H,C12-H),5.989(d,1H,C1-H,J=10.1Hz),7.061(d,1H,C1-H,J=10.2Hz). 
实施例18 
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-5)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900192
参照Ih-1的制备方法,由Ie-1与氨气反应制得淡黄色固体,收率89%,mp 126~129℃。 
ESI-MS 482.4[M+H]+;516.4[M+Cl]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3433,3360,3200,2955,2926,2862,1674,1663,1620,1460,1385,1238,1089,972,804,663; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.828(s,3H,CH3),1.058(s,3H,CH3),1.151(s,3H,CH3),1.170(s,3H,CH3),1.189(s,6H,2×CH3),1.206(s,3H,CH3),3.566(s,3H,OCH3),5.133(brs,1H,NH),5.374(brs,1H,C12-H),5.622(brs,1H,NH),5.974(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例19 
N-甲基-2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-6)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900201
参照Ih-1的制备方法,由Ie-1与甲胺气体反应制得淡黄色固体,收率92%,mp 229~231℃。 
ESI-MS 496.4[M+H]+;530.6[M+Cl]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3435,2957,2918,1676,1657,1628,1521,1462,1383,1236,1157,1096,974,837,760,667; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.809(s,3H,CH3),1.053(s,3H,CH3),1.108(s,3H,CH3),1.150(s,3H,CH3),1.185(s,6H,2×CH3),1.204(s,3H,CH3),2.844(d,3H,NHCH3,J=4.5Hz),3.567(s,3H,OCH3),5.380(brs,1H,C12-H),5.618(brs,1H,NH),5.978(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例20 
N-乙基-2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-7)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900202
参照Ih-1的制备方法,由Ie-1与乙胺气体反应制得淡黄色固体,收率91%,mp 223~225℃。 
ESI-MS 510.4[M+H]+;544.6[M+Cl]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3410,3244,3171,2970,2947,2870,1740,1682,1651,1616,1520,1474,1452,1379,1292,1234,1122,1084,1028,968,883,783,756,669; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.809(s,3H,CH3),1.054(s,3H,CH3),1.105(s,3H,CH3),1.151(s,3H,CH3),1.186(s,6H,2×CH3),1.204(s,3H,CH3),3.268~3.386(m,2H,NCH2),3.566(s,3H,OCH3),5.364(brs,1H,C12-H),5.569(brs,1H,NH),5.978(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例21 
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰哌嗪(Ih-8)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900203
参照Ih-1的制备方法,由Ie-1与无水哌嗪反应制得白色固体,收率93%,mp 166~168℃。 
ESI-MS 551.5[M+H]+;585.6[M+Cl]-; 
IR(KB r,cm-1)v:3665,3421,3400,3269,3206,2949,2868,2725,2636,2486,2355,2317,1680, 1636,1460,1410,1383,1307,1244,1199,1132,1090,972,831,802,756,719,661,523; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.812(s,3H,CH3),1.048(s,3H,CH3),1.151(s,3H,CH3),1.164(s,3H,CH3),1.191(s,3H,CH3),1.210(s,6H,2×CH3),3.167(brs,4H,2×CH2N),3.576(s,3H,OCH3),3.643(brs,1H,NH),3.953(brs,4H,2×CH2NCO),5.382(brs,1H,C12-H),5.989(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例22 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-9)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900211
参照Ih-1的制备方法,由V与氨气反应制得白色固体,收率90%,mp 230~233℃。 
ESI-MS 468.4[M+H]+;502.5[M+Cl]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3437,3373,3248,2957,2928,2868,1710,1657,1602,1462,1389,1284,1244,1167,1051,1030,976,667; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.828(s,3H,CH3),1.058(s,3H,CH3),1.151(s,3H,CH3),1.170(s,3H,CH3),1.189(s,6H,2×CH3),1.206(s,3H,CH3),5.133(brs,1H,NH),5.374(brs,1H,C12-H),5.622(brs,1H,NH),5.974(s,1H,C1-H),6.358(s,1H,C2-OH). 
实施例23 
N-甲基-2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-10)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900212
参照Ih-1的制备方法,由V与甲胺气体反应制得白色固体,收率92%,mp 274~279℃。 
ESI-MS 482.4[M+H]+;526.3[M+Cl]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3379,3206,3171,2947,1665,1628,1537,1466,1395,1246,1041,842,752,669; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.800(s,3H,CH3),1.039(s,3H,CH3),1.106(s,3H,CH3),1.137(s,3H,CH3),1.145(s,3H,CH3),1.234(s,3H,CH3),1.254(s,3H,CH3),2.848(d,3H,NCH3,J=4.5Hz),5.331(brs,1H,C12-H),5.644(brs,1H,NH),5.935(s,1H,C1-H),6.552(s,1H,C2-OH). 
实施例24 
N-乙基-2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺(Ih-11)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900221
参照Ih-1的制备方法,由V与乙胺气体反应制得白色固体,收率87%,mp 266~269℃。 
ESI-MS 496.5[M+H]+;530.6[M-Cl]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3395,3161,2934,2870,2719,1667,1622,1537,1468,1451,1377,1288,1249,1047,842,796,756,667,627; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.801(s,3H,CH3),1.041(s,3H,CH3),1.104(s,3H,CH3),1.138(s,3H,CH3),1.149(s,3H,CH3),1.235(s,3H,CH3),1.255(s,3H,CH3),3.285~3.379(m,2H,NCH2),5.317(brs,1H,C12-H),5.587(brs,1H,NH),5.933(s,1H,C1-H),6.551(s,1H,C2-OH). 
实施例25 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰哌嗪(Ih-12)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900222
参照Ih-1的制备方法,由V与无水哌嗪反应制得白色固体,收率64%,mp 133~136℃。 
ESI-MS 537.5[M+H]+; 
IR(KB r,cm-1)v:3553,3430,3113,2931,2861,1732,1665,1634,1460,1406,1250,1188,1094,1044,1026,976,947,804,667,583,530; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.812(s,3H,CH3),1.048(s,3H,CH3),1.151(s,3H,CH3),1.164(s,3H,CH3),1.191(s,3H,CH3),1.210(s,6H,2×CH3),3.167(brs,4H,2×CH2N),3.643(brs,1H,NH),3.953(brs,4H,2×CH2NCO),5.382(brs,1H,C12-H),5.989(s,1H,C1-H),6.293(s,1H,C2-OH). 
实施例26 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰咪唑(Ih-13)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900231
参照Ih-1的制备方法,由V与咪唑反应制得白色固体,收率42%,mp 99~102℃。 
ESI-MS 519.3[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3553,3395,3233,3154,2957,2866,1728,1713,1664,1653,1537,1520,1508,1221,1132,1064,1020,935,810,756,665,523; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.799(s,3H,CH3),1.019(s,3H,CH3),1.135(s,3H,CH3),1.155(s,3H,CH3),1.235(s,3H,CH3),1.245(s,3H,CH3),1.436(s,3H,CH3),5.220(brs,1H,C12-H),6.354(s,1H,C1-H),7.083(s,1H,=CH),7.580(s,1H,=CH),8.306(s,1H,NCH=N). 
实施例27 
3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ii)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900232
Ih-1(2.6g,5.74mmol)溶于60mL二氯甲烷中,滴加三氟乙酸酐(2.42g,11.5mmol)的二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液,10分钟滴毕,室温反应2h,浓缩,柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=1∶40(V∶V)),得白色固体1.5g,收率60.2%,mp 194~197℃。 
ESI-MS 434.4[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3412,2964,2931,2868,2226,1659,1456,1385,1254,1159,1098,1028,928,826,716,578; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.794(s,3H,CH3),1.000(s,3H,CH3),1.051(s,3H,CH3),1.065(s,3H,CH3),1.077(s,3H,CH3),1.104(s,3H,CH3),1.115(s,3H,CH3),2.327~2.415(m,1H,C2-H),2.503~2.617(m,1H,C2-H),3.688(s,3H,CH3),5.298(brs,1H,C12-H). 
实施例28 
2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ij)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900241
参照Ia的制备方法,由化合物Ii与单质碘反应制得白色固体,收率73.3%,mp 213~216℃。 
ESI-MS 560.2[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3619,3555,3445,3437,2969,2926,2866,2230,1678,1460,1383,1325,1093,792,661; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.912(s,3H,CH3),1.060(s,3H,CH3),1.132(s,3H,CH3),1.169(s,3H,CH3),1.199(s,3H,CH3),1.214(s,3H,CH3),1.352(s,3H,CH3),5.423(s,1H,C12-H),7.805(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例29 
2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ik)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900242
参照Ib的制备方法,由Ij与氰化亚铜反应制得白色粉末,收率52.6%,mp 237~241℃。 
ESI-MS 476.4[M+NH4]+;493.7[M+Cl]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3619,3555,3445,3437,2969,2926,2866,2230,1678,1460,1383,1325,1093,792,661; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.915(s,3H,CH3),1.060(s,3H,CH3),1.132(s,3H,CH3),1.169(s,3H,CH3),1.199(s,3H,CH3),1.214(s,3H,CH3),1.352(s,3H,CH3),5.423(brs,1H,C12-H),7.805(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例30 
1,2-环氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯-30-腈(VI)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900243
参照IV的制备方法,由Ii与双氧水反应制得白色固体,收率79.6%,mp 239~241℃。 
ESI-MS 467.3[M+NH4]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3393,2926,2868,1699,1636,1460,1389,1254,1161,1078,1026,934,887,810,762,716,667; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.914(s,3H,CH3),1.000(s,3H,CH3),1.017(s,3H,CH3),1.042(s,3H,CH3),1.112(s,3H,CH3),1.178(s,3H,CH3),1.352(s,3H,CH3),3.380(d,1H,C1-H,J=4.5Hz),3.507(d,1H,C2-H,J=4.5Hz),5.413(brs,1H,C12-H). 
2-氯-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Im-1)的制备 
参照Id-1的制备方法,由VI与浓盐酸反应制得白色固体,收率78.9%,mp 198~201℃。 
ESI-MS 468.3[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3393,3241,2974,2931,2866,2227,1685,1458,1383,1329,1251,1099,1026,966,937,856,812,662,646; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.845(s,3H,CH3),0.999(s,3H,CH3),1.057(s,3H,CH3),1.097(s,3H,CH3),1.151(s,3H,CH3),1.182(s,3H,CH3),1.281(s,3H,CH3),5.349(brs,1H,C12-H),7.160(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例31 
2-溴-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Im-2)的制备; 
Figure BSA00000499944900252
参照Id-1的制备方法,由VI与48%氢溴酸反应制得白色固体,收率66.1%,mp 218~220℃。 
ESI-MS 512.3[M+H]+;514.3[M+H+2]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3399,2972,2926,2864,2227,1681,1456,1383,1327,1096,1026,964,936,800,661,627; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.845(s,3H,CH3),0.997(s,3H,CH3),1.061(s,3H,CH3),1.102(s,3H,CH3),1.148(s,3H,CH3),1.172(s,3H,CH3),1.283(s,3H,CH3),5.351(brs,1H,C12-H),7.423(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例32 
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(In-1)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900261
参照Ie-1的制备方法,由VI与甲醇钠反应制得白色固体,收率87%,mp 196~199℃。 
ESI-MS 464.4[M+H]+; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3399,3358,2976,2928,2862,2228,1685,1620,1460,1383,1236,1125,1090,1026,974,829,806,664; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDC13),δ(ppm):0.837(s,3H,CH3),1.003(s,3H,CH3),1.071(s,3H,CH3),1.082(s,3H,CH3),1.119(s,3H,CH3),1.143(s,3H,CH3),1.279(s,3H,CH3),3.501(s,3H,OCH3),5.364(brs,1H,C12-H),5.899(s,1H,C1-H). 
实施例33 
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Io)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900262
参照V的制备方法,由In-1制得白色固体,收率77.7%,mp 199~201℃。 
ESI-MS 450.3[M+H]+; 
IR(KB r,cm-1)v:3424,2963,2924,2866,2231,1663,1456,1395,1292,1234,1126,1088,1055,1033,976,947,856,795,758,661,617,576; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.845(s,3H,CH3),0.990(s,3H,CH3),1.037(s,3H,CH3),1.067(s,3H,CH3),1.162(s,3H,CH3),1.191(s,3H,CH3),1.276(s,3H,CH3),5.339(brs,1H,C12-H),5.871(s,1H,C1-H),6.282(s,1H,C2-OH). 
实施例34 
3β-羟基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯-30-醇(VII)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900263
II(3g,6.58mmol)溶与40mL无水THF中,分批加入LiAlH4(1.75g,46.1mmol),缓 慢升温至回流,反应2h,冷至室温,向反应液中加入5%稀盐酸淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(40mL×3),饱和食盐水洗涤(20mL×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,干燥,得白色固体2.71g,收率93%,mp 239~241℃。 
3β-羟基30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯(VIII)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900271
VII(0.80g,1.81mmol)溶于60mL二氯甲烷中,依次加入三苯甲基氯(2.5g,9.05mmol)、DMAP(0.23g,1.89mmol)、三乙胺(0.2mL),回流反应24h,柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=1∶10(V∶V)),得白色固体0.77g,收率62.1%,mp 102~104℃。 
3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯(IX)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900272
VIII(0.6g,0.88mmol)溶于20mL DMSO中,加入IBX(0.31g,1.1mmol),室温搅拌12h,加水30mL,乙酸乙酯萃取(30mL×3),5%碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤(20mL×3),饱和食盐水洗涤(20mL×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,得白色固体,收率95.3%,mp 194~196℃。 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3452,2935,2879,1660,1432,1398,1060,995,759,711,624; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.958(s,3H,CH3),1.048(s,6H,2×CH3),1.075(s,3H,CH3),1.089(s,3H,CH3),1.128(s,3H,CH3),1.255(s,3H,CH3),2.373~2.544(m,2H,C2-H),2.927(dd,2H,CH2O,J=8.6,19.4Hz),5.052(brs,1H,C12-H),7.197~7.322(m,7H),7.470(d,8H,J=8.0Hz). 
2-羟基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iq)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900273
IX(0.20g,0.29mmol)溶于30mL叔丁醇中,升温至45℃后,加入叔丁醇钾(0.66g,5.89mmol),于40~45℃反应2.5h,冷却至室温,加5%稀盐酸调pH至4,减压蒸去大部分溶剂,析出白色固体,抽滤,干燥,得白色固体110mg,收率54.2%,mp 128~130℃。 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3433,3059,2922,2861,1707,1659,1454,1393,1227,1065,756,704,632,530; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.767(s,3H,CH3),0.796(s,3H,CH3),0.954(s,3H,CH3),1.100(s,3H,CH3),1.126(s,3H,CH3),1.214(s,3H,CH3),1.252(s,3H,CH3),1.994(d,1H,C18-H,J=14.1Hz),2.285(s,1H,C9-H),2.391(d,1H,C18-H,J=14.0Hz),2.936(s,2H,CH2O),5.653(d,1H,C11-H,J=10.8Hz),5.957(s,1H,C1-H),6.463(d,1H,C12-H,J=8.6Hz),6.354(s,1H,C1-H),6.590(s,1H,C2-OH),7.239(m,9H),7.471(d,6H). 
实施例35 
2,30-二羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iy-1)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900281
Iq(380mg,0.55mmol)溶于30mL乙酸,加入3mL 5%盐酸,室温反应2h,加水20mL,乙酸乙酯萃取(30mL×3),依次用5%碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL×3)、饱和食盐水(20mL×3)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,柱层析,得白色固体160mg,收率64.5%。 
mp 204~207℃; 
ESI-MS 513.4[M+H]+,588.5[M+Cl]-; 
IR(KBr,cm-1)v:3507,3431,3283,2951,2870,1659,1458,1391,1294,1234,1033,976,837,797,758,667; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.844(s,3H,CH3),0.905(s,3H,CH3),1.040(s,3H,CH3),1.135(s,3H,CH3),1.151(s,3H,CH3),1.233(s,3H,CH3),1.251(s,3H,CH3),3.530(dd,2H,CH2O,J=10.8,22.7Hz),5.250(brs,1H,C12-H),5.936(s,1H,C1-H),6.357(s,1H,C2-OH). 
实施例36 
2-羟基-3-氧代-30-乙酰氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iz-1)的制备 
Figure BSA00000499944900282
Iq(80mg,0.12mmol)溶于20mL乙酸中,加入3mL 5%盐酸,回流反应2h,加水30mL,乙酸乙酯萃取(30mL×3),依次用5%碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL×3)、饱和食盐水(20mL×3)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=1∶30(V∶V)),得白色固体15mg,收率28.8%,mp 152~154℃。 
IR(KB r,cm-1)v:3433,3059,2922,2861,1454,1393,1227,1065,756,671,536,511;ESI-MS 451.3[M+H]+;449.3[M-H]-; 
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):0.843(s,3H,CH3),0.913(s,3H,CH3),1.038(s,3H,CH3),1.136(s,6H,2×CH3),1.233(s,3H,CH3),1.246(s,3H,CH3),1.251(s,3H,CH3),2.080(s,3H,COCH3),3.997(s,2H,OCH2),5.229(brs,1H,C12-H),5.923(s,1H,C1-H),6.357(s,1H,C2-OH). 

Claims (10)

1.通式(I)所示的具有1,12-二烯-3-酮骨架的甘草次酸衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
R1代表氢原子、卤素原子、氰基、羟基、三氟甲基、巯基、硝基、氨基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氨基、OR3或OC(O)R3
R2代表CN、CH2OC(Ph)3、CO2H、CO2R4、CH2OH、CH2OC(O)R4或C(O)NR5R6
R3代表C1-C6烷基;
R4代表C1-C6烷基或C6-C10芳香基,其中所述芳香基可任选地用一个或多个选自以下的基团取代:卤素原子、硝基、氰基、氨基或羟基;
R5和R6可相同或不同,代表氢原子、C1-C6烷基、或R1和R2与跟它们连接的氮原子一起形成5-7元杂环基团,该杂环基团可任选地包含一个或多个选自O、S、N或NH的其它杂原子,并且该杂环基团可任选地由下述相同或不同的取代基单取代至五取代,所述取代基包括:卤素原子、羟基、硝基、氰基、氨基、C1-C6烷基或C1-C6烷氧基;
其中,下式(a-c)化合物除外:
Figure FSA00000499944800012
2.根据权利要求1所述的甘草次酸衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:
R1代表H、OH、Cl、Br、I、CN、OR3或OC(O)R3
R2代表CN、CH2OC(Ph)3、CO2H、CO2R4、CH2OH、CH2OC(O)R4或C(O)NR5R6
R3代表CH3
R4代表CH3或C2H5
NR5R6代表NH2、哌嗪基或咪唑基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的甘草次酸酸衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述化合物选自:
2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸;
2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸;
2-氯-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸;
2-溴-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸;
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸;
2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯;
2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯;
2-氯-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯;
2-溴-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯;
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯;
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯;
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸乙酯;
2-乙酰氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酸甲酯;
3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺;
N-甲基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺;
N-乙基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺;
3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰哌嗪;
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺;
N-甲基-2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺;
N-乙基-2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺;
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰哌嗪;
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺;
N-甲基-2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺;
N-乙基-2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰胺;
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰哌嗪;
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-羧酰咪唑;
3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈;
2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈;
2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈;
2-氯-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈;
2-溴-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈;
2-甲氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈;
2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈;
2-羟基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯;
2,30-二羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯;
2-羟基-3-氧代-30-乙酰氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯。
4.权利要求1-3所述的甘草次酸衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:
a)当R2为CO2H时,通式(I)化合物的制备方法为:甘草次酸经Clemmensen还原制得3β-羟基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯-30-酸(II),II与邻碘酰基苯甲酸(IBX)加热氧化生成3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(III),III在吡啶催化下与碘单质反应制得2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ia),Ia与氰化亚铜反应、或在碘化亚铜催化下与氟磺酰基二氟乙酸甲酯反应,分别制得2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ib)和2-三氟甲基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ic);III经双氧水氧化得1,2-环氧-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯-30-酸(IV),IV与氢卤酸(HX)或烷醇钠(R3ONa)反应分别制得2-卤素-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Id)和2-烷氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(Ie),Ie与盐酸反应生成2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(V),V与烷酸酐((R3CO)2O)反应制得2-烷酰氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-酸(If);其合成路线如下:
Figure FSA00000499944800031
其中,X代表F、Cl、Br,R3的定义如权利要求1-3所述;
制备式(III)化合物的特征在于,溶剂选自二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)或乙酸乙酯;反应温度为60-120℃;反应时间为3-24小时;
b)当R2为CO2R4或C(O)NR5R6时,通式(I)化合物的制备方法为:以a)制得的式(III)和式(Ia-If)化合物为原料,在碱性作用下与卤代烃(R4X)反应、或者与酰氯化试剂反应生成酰氯后再与相应的胺类化合物(HNR5R6)反应,分别制得酯类化合物(Ig)和酰胺类化合物(Ih);其合成路线如下:
Figure FSA00000499944800041
其中,R1、R4、R5和R6的定义如权利要求1-3所述;
制备式(Ih)时,酰氯化试剂选自草酰氯、氯化亚砜或三氯化磷;
c)当R2为CN时,通式(I)化合物的制备方法为:以b)制得的3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-甲酰胺(Ih-1)为原料,在脱水试剂作用下制得3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ii);参考a)的合成方法,Ii在吡啶催化下与单质碘反应制得2-碘-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ij),Ij与氰化亚铜反应、或在碘化亚铜催化下与氟磺酰基二氟乙酸甲酯反应,分别制得2-氰基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ik)和2-三氟甲基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Il);Ii与双氧水反应制得1,2-环氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯-30-腈(VI),VI与氢卤酸(HX)反应制得2-卤素-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Im);VI与烷醇钠(R3ONa)反应制得2-烷氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(In),In在盐酸作用下生成2-羟基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Io),Io与烷酸酐((R3CO)2O)反应制得2-烷酰氧基-3-氧代-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯-30-腈(Ip);其合成路线如下:
Figure FSA00000499944800042
其中,X为F、Cl或Br,R3的定义如权利要求1-3所述;
制备式(Ii)时,脱水试剂选自三氟乙酸酐、乙酸酐、三氯氧磷或三氯化磷;
d)当R2为CH2OH、CH2OC(Ph)3或CH2OC(O)R4时,通式(I)化合物的制备方法为:II经四氢铝锂还原制得3β-羟基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯-30-醇(VII),VII与三苯基氯甲烷反应生成3β-羟基-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯(VIII),VIII经IBX于室温下氧化制得3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯(IX),IX经叔丁醇钾氧化制得2-羟基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iq),Iq与烷酸酐((R3CO)2O)反应制得2-烷酰氧基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Ir);其合成路线如下:
Figure FSA00000499944800051
VIII与IBX加热氧化生成3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Is);参考a)的合成方法,Is在吡啶催化下与碘单质反应制得2-碘-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(It),It与氰化亚铜反应、或在碘化亚铜催化下与氟磺酰基二氟乙酸甲酯反应,分别制得2-氰基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iu)和2-三氟甲基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iv);Is经双氧水氧化得1,2-环氧-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-12-烯(X),X与氢卤酸(HX)或烷醇钠(R3ONa)反应分别制得2-卤素-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Iw)和2-烷氧基-3-氧代-30-三苯甲氧基-18β-齐墩果烷-1,12-二烯(Ix);其合成路线如下:
Figure FSA00000499944800052
式(Iq-Ix)化合物与盐酸和冰醋酸于室温下反应制得式(Iy)化合物;式(Iq-Ix)化合物与盐酸和有机酸(R4CO2H)回流反应制得式(Iz)化合物;其合成路线如下:
Figure FSA00000499944800061
其中,X为F、Cl或Br,R1、R3和R4的定义如权利要求1-3所述。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,制备式(III)化合物的特征在于,溶剂选自DMSO,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为4h。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,制备式(Ih)化合物的特征在于,酰氯化试剂选自草酰氯。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,制备式(Ii)化合物的特征在于,脱水试剂选自三氟乙酸酐。
8.一种药物组合物,由治疗上有效量的权利要求1所述的通式(I)化合物和药学上可接受的载体或辅料组成。
9.权利要求1所述的通式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备抗肿瘤药物中的用途。
10.权利要求9的用途,所述的肿瘤疾病为肝癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌。
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