CN102230176B - Surface plasma cladding method of metal turbine runner - Google Patents
Surface plasma cladding method of metal turbine runner Download PDFInfo
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- CN102230176B CN102230176B CN201110211170A CN201110211170A CN102230176B CN 102230176 B CN102230176 B CN 102230176B CN 201110211170 A CN201110211170 A CN 201110211170A CN 201110211170 A CN201110211170 A CN 201110211170A CN 102230176 B CN102230176 B CN 102230176B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a surface plasma cladding method of a metal turbine runner. The problems of turbine runner blades such as surface hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, shock resistance and prolonged service life can be effectively solved. The surface plasma cladding method comprises the following steps: a worktable of plasma cladding wear-resistant equipment is started to run so that a plasma torch moves to the position above cladding positions of the turbine runner blades; protective argon and a power supply for the plasma torch are started for arc striking to enter a plasma beam cladding process; under a direct current (DC) plasma beam at high temperature of 10,000-16,000 DEG C, iron-nickel alloy powder is synchronously transferred into the plasma beam of the plasma torch, and then the powder is rapidly heated into a molten or semi-molten state so as to perform mixed diffusion reaction with metal in a molten pool; as the plasma beam moves, the alloy molten pool is rapidly frozen into hard alloy coatings with thickness of 1-10mm; and after completion of cladding operation, grinding or polishing the hard alloy coatings on the surfaces of the blades. The surface plasma cladding method is simple; and by utilizing the method, the blades have the advantages of high hardness, high compactness, wear resistance and long service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical processing method, particularly a kind of metal water turbine wheel surface plasma melting coating method.Promptly adopt the plasma melting coating method to form the high-strength abrasion-proof coating in metal water turbine wheel surface, this method can be widely used in water conservancy industry metal rotary wheel of water turbine.
Background technology
China is the very abundant country of waterpower resourses in the world, and water power has become one of renewable energy source that China gives priority to, developable electric energy power 3.8 hundred million kw of waterpower, and annual electricity generating capacity 1.9 trillion kw.h are equivalent to the generated energy of 1,100,000,000 tons of raw coal.But simultaneously the river sediment content of China is big, and the Changjiang river and tributary thereof are characteristics with grains of sand hardness height, and the Yellow River is then with sediment concentration characteristic greatly; In more than 100 large medium-size station that has moved at present, what serious sand erosion was arranged accounts for 40%, and this numerical value is especially up to 66.3% on the Yellow River Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream; Nearly 1,600,000,000 t of the annual sediment discharge of the Yellow River sanmenxia reach; Be the first in the world, more outstanding to the abrasion of water turbine overflowing component, according to estimates; In the power station of having moved; Have 1/5～1/4 turbine blade endangered by silt in various degree approximately, annually stop transport or overhaul about 20～3,000,000,000 kw.h of the energy loss that causes because of water turbine overflowing component (being mainly blade) abrasion destroys, year the consumption maintenance cost and the renewal and renovation of equipment expense reach ten million yuan.As on the Yellow River, the water turbine in power station such as the Liujia Gorge in middle reaches, salt pan gorge, Qingtongxia, overline bridge, the Sanmenxia Gorge destroys by silt erosion to some extent; Particularly apart from the nearest Sanmenxia Gorge of Xiao Langdi; Destroy the most seriously, through the operation in a flood season, the destructiveness of runner bucket is tending towards scrapping; Stop transport compelled flood season, causes every year directly and more be unable to estimate with indirect financial loss.Therefore the abrasion problem that how to solve water turbine overflowing component has become one of gordian technique in the engineering construction.
At present, make that the material of rotary wheel of water turbine is representational to have plain carbon stool, low alloy steel, common stainless steel and a high-strength stainless steel.Domestic general rotary wheel of water turbine is generally that materials such as stainless steel such as cast steel, Cr5Cu steel alloy, 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel, ZG0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel, 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel, ZG0Cr16Ni5Mo stainless steel, GX5GrNi13-4V1, ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo stainless steel, 00Cr13Ni4Mo process.Be used for the case-hardened method of rotary wheel of water turbine laser surface hardening, surface overlaying high-abrasive material, surface heat spraying (comprising oxy-acetylene spraying, plasma spraying, electric arc spraying and supersonic spray coating) wear heat-resistant material, electric spark surface peening etc. are arranged.The laser surface hardening hardened layer is thin and facility investment is big, maintenance cost is high; Surface overlaying high-abrasive material cost is high, and has the problem of surface working difficulty; Sandblast is generally adopted in surface heat spraying pre-treatment, and environmental pollution is arranged, and the coating processing difficulties combines to belong to mechanical bond between coating and the matrix, and the coating fatiguability peels off; Electric spark surface peening is because coating is very thin, and general thickness is tens microns, and working efficiency is very slow, and the reinforcement that is used for medium-and-large-sized rotary wheel of water turbine just is not suitable for.Therefore, how better rotary wheel of water turbine being handled is the technical problem that those skilled in the art are researching and solving always.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that aforesaid method manufacturing metal water turbine wheel surface is strengthened; A kind of metal water turbine wheel surface plasma melting coating method is provided; The metal turbine runner blade is carried out plasma cladding to be handled; Can effectively solve the performances such as hardness, wear resistance, erosion resistance and shock-resistance on the surface of turbine runner blade, the problem that prolongs the work-ing life of metal rotary wheel of water turbine.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves is, with non-oxidizing plasma beam the powdered alloy cladding on the turbine runner blade surface, the formation hard alloy coating, step is:
1, preparation Fe-Ni Alloy Powder, method is, is the powder of Fe with Ni 25～30%, Cr 15～25%, C 1～2%, Mo 2～3%, B 2～4%, Si 3～5%, W 2～4%, surplus by weight percentage, mixes and processes;
2, adopt the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding (known common equipment is like the wear-resisting equipment and technology of Beijing plasma cladding company, or Henan IGOOD Wear-resisting Technology Co., Ltd.); Set processing parameter, input supply voltage: 380V ± 10%, specified input capacity: 30KVA; Output voltage: 75V, WV: 10～30V, outward current: 300～600A; Sweep velocity: 150～500mm/min, powder feeder air-flow: 0.6～1.2 m
3/ h, ionized gas flow: 0.6～1.0 m
3/ h, shield gas flow rate: 0.6～1.0 m
3/ h;
3, open the worktable operation of the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding, make plasmatorch move on to top, turbine runner blade cladding position, open the plasmatorch shielding gas argon gas and the power supply starting the arc; Get into the plasma beam cladding process; The processing parameter that provides in 2 set by step, the routine operation method of pressing the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding, the wear-resisting equipment of article on plasma cladding is operated; Under high temperature 10000-16000 ℃ of direct current plasma line; The Fe-Ni Alloy Powder that configures in the step 1 is sent into synchronously in the plasma beam of plasmatorch, the turbine runner blade surface forms the molten bath close with the beam diameter size fast successively, and powder is through rapid heating; Be fusing or semi-molten state and molten pool metal mixing diffusion reaction; Along with moving of plasma beam, solidify rapidly in the alloy molten bath, forms with matrix to be the thick hard alloy coating of metallurgical binding 1-10mm;
4, after cladding is accomplished, close plasmatorch power supply and source of the gas, after the cladding, the hard alloy coating of blade surface through grinding or polishing, or is directly used as blade.
The inventive method is simple, and Fe-Ni Alloy Powder is cheap, and blade hardness is high, and high compactness is wear-resisting, long service life, and it is very big on turbine blade, to carry out the market potential of surface metallurgic coating with the wear-resisting cladding equipment of plasma.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a blade wheel structure synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the inventive method cladding state graph (saving other part of the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding).
Embodiment
Elaborate below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Provide by Fig. 1,2; The alleged metal rotary wheel of water turbine of the present invention is provided by Fig. 1, comprises blade, crown and following ring, and blade shape is in the shape of a spiral vertically all put at crown 1 and encircled down in the periphery between 4; Constitute integrative-structure; Blade is that the hard alloy layer 2 by cladding on blade matrix 3 and the blade matrix surface constitutes (prior art), the invention reside in blade is handled, promptly on blade matrix 3 surfaces by the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding; With Fe-Ni Alloy Powder cladding one deck hard alloy layer, its cladding method is provided by following examples:
The inventive method is to be provided by following steps in force:
1, preparation Fe-Ni Alloy Powder, method is, is the powder of Fe with Ni 25%, Cr 15%, C 1%, Mo 2%, B 2%, Si 3%, W 2%, surplus by weight percentage, mixes and processes; Or be the powder of Fe with Ni 28%, Cr 20%, C 1.5%, Mo 2.5%, B 3%, Si 4%, W 3%, surplus by weight percentage, mix and process; Or be the powder of Fe with Ni 30%, Cr 25%, C 2%, Mo 3%, B4%, Si 5%, W 4%, surplus by weight percentage, mix and process;
2, open the worktable operation of the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding; Make the plasmatorch 5 of the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding move on to top, the wear-resisting equipment turbine runner blade of plasma cladding matrix 3 cladding positions, open the plasmatorch shielding gas argon gas 7 and the power supply of the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding, voltage of supply: 380V; Specified input capacity: 30KVA; Output voltage: 75V, WV: 10～30V, outward current: 300～600A; Cladding sweep velocity: 150～500mm/min, powder feeder air-flow: 0.6～1.2 m
3/ h, ionized gas flow: 0.6～1.0 m
3/ h, shield gas flow rate: 0.6～1.0 m
3/ h; Make electrode 6 starting the arc; Get into the plasma beam cladding process, the routine operation method of pressing the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding, the wear-resisting equipment of article on plasma cladding is operated; Under high temperature 10000-16000 ℃ of direct current plasma line; The Fe-Ni Alloy Powder that configures in the step 1 is sent into synchronously in the plasma beam of plasmatorch, the turbine runner blade surface forms the molten bath close with the beam diameter size fast successively, and powder is through rapid heating; Be fusing or semi-molten state and molten pool metal mixing diffusion reaction; Along with moving of plasma beam (electrode), solidify rapidly in the alloy molten bath, forms with matrix to be the thick hard alloy coating of metallurgical binding 1-10mm 2;
4, after cladding is accomplished, close plasmatorch power supply and source of the gas, after the cladding, the hard alloy coating of blade surface through grinding or polishing, or is directly used as blade.
The present invention uses through reality, has obtained satisfied effect, is 3.3 meters water turbine generating runner at certain hydroelectric power plant's diameter like the present invention; Its blade material is ZG0Cr16Ni5Mo, waits the molten road of iron nickel base alloy powder of the even coating thickness 4mm in surface at consumable accessory place in the turbine blade bottom, and the melting and coating process parameter is: input voltage: 380V; Power input: 30KVA, sweep velocity 300mm/min, output voltage 75V; WV 15 V, outward current: 450A, powder feeder air-flow: 0.8 m
3/ h, ionized gas flow: 0.6 m
3/ h, shield gas flow rate: 0.8 m
3/ h; Cladding layer hardness: HRC65; Obtain high-bond, high firmness, the high compactness of big area and high surfaces planeness, the cladding hardened layer of inner quality uniformity at position easy to wear,, practiced thrift machining period and alloy material through follow-up few surplus processing; Specific investment is little mutually with laser melting coating, and power is big, and efficient is high, and is simple to operate.
And for example, be the cladding object in certain factory to the metal rotary wheel of water turbine, select for use the iron nickel base alloy powder under argon shield atmosphere, to carry out depositing treatment.Its processing parameter is: input voltage: 380V, power input: 30KVA, sweep velocity 300mm/min, output voltage 75V, WV 15 V, outward current: 450A, powder feeder air-flow: 0.8 m
3/ h, ionized gas flow: 0.6 m
3/ h, shield gas flow rate: 0.8 m
3/ h.Compare with technologies such as thermospray and vacuum sinterings, equipment work required for the present invention is steadily reliable, and arcing initiation success rate is high; Do not need the processing that eliminates rust and degrease early stage, simplify operation, reduce labour intensity and production cost; Also need not anneal, the metal rotary wheel of water turbine is not produced thermal damage.Microhardness, wear resistance and the shock-resistance of plasma melting coating after treatment improve greatly, have prolonged 3.5 times of life-spans of rotary wheel of water turbine.
Above-mentioned through repeated tests, different producers is used with different places, all obtained identical or akin result.Show that this method is reliable and stable, result of use is good, and quality product is high, and long service life is compared with existing metal rotary wheel of water turbine cladding method, has following outstanding useful technique effect:
1, to adopt the metal rotary wheel of water turbine be the cladding object in the present invention; Can obtain high-bond, high firmness, the high compactness of big area and high surfaces planeness, the cladding hardened layer of inner quality uniformity at the position easy to wear of part; The thickness that under the argon shield state, obtains cladding wearing layer is 1～10mm; The hardness of cladding layer is HRC60～70, and wear resistance improves 3～4 times.So just improved the wear-and corrosion-resistant impact resistance of metal turbine runner blade material surface, and then the work-ing life of having improved turbine runner blade is more than 3 times.
2, the present invention be on the metal rotary wheel of water turbine, make with the method for high-energy beam have HS, the powdered alloy cladding of high-wearing feature is on the surface of metal rotary wheel of water turbine material, formed the alloy layer of one deck and matrix metallurgical binding, and is wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant.
4, the plasma cladding treatment process that the present invention adopted; Single metallurgical bath is on the rotary wheel of water turbine mother metal of infinitely-great cold conditions in the cladding treating processes; So the speed of cooling in molten bath is very big; With regard to whole rotary wheel of water turbine, it is lower still to be in normal temperature state or temperature rise, and rotary wheel of water turbine can not be annealed or thermal distortion.
5, the quality of the thickness of cladding layer, cladding layer is relevant with melting and coating process parameter voltage, electric current, cladding speed and the consumption of supplying gas etc. with cladding efficient behind cladding powdered alloy on the metal rotary wheel of water turbine, therefore can obtain the different processes effect through the adjusting of melting and coating process parameter is controlled.
6, purposes of the present invention is wide, is effective to plain cast iron rotary wheel of water turbine, cast steel rotary wheel of water turbine, low alloy steel rotary wheel of water turbine, common stainless steel rotary wheel of water turbine and high-strength stainless steel rotary wheel of water turbine, is the innovation greatly of one on runner is produced.
Claims (3)
1. a metal water turbine wheel surface plasma melting coating method is characterized in that, is realized by following steps:
(1), the preparation Fe-Ni Alloy Powder, method is, is the powder of Fe with Ni 28%, Cr 20%, C 1.5%, Mo 2.5%, B 3%, Si 4%, W 3%, surplus by weight percentage, mixes and processes;
(2), the worktable operation of opening the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding, make the plasmatorch of the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding move on to top, turbine runner blade cladding position, open the plasmatorch shielding gas argon gas and the power supply of the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding; Voltage of supply: 380V, specified input capacity: 30KVA, output voltage: 75V; WV: 10～30V; Outward current: 300～600A, cladding sweep velocity: 150～500mm/min, powder feeder air-flow: 0.6～1.2 m
3/ h, ionized gas flow: 0.6～1.0 m
3/ h, shield gas flow rate: 0.6～1.0 m
3/ h; Make the electrode starting the arc, get into the plasma beam cladding process, the routine operation method of pressing the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding; The wear-resisting equipment of article on plasma cladding is operated, and under high temperature 10000-16000 ℃ of direct current plasma line, the Fe-Ni Alloy Powder that configures in the step (1) is sent in the plasma beam of plasmatorch synchronously; The turbine runner blade surface forms the molten bath close with the beam diameter size fast successively; Powder is fusing or semi-molten state and molten pool metal mixing diffusion reaction through rapid heating, along with moving of plasma electrode; Solidify rapidly in the alloy molten bath, forms with matrix to be the thick hard alloy coating of metallurgical binding 1-10mm;
(3), after cladding accomplishes, close plasmatorch power supply and source of the gas, after the cladding, the hard alloy coating of blade surface through grinding or polishing, or is directly used as blade.
2. a metal water turbine wheel surface plasma melting coating method is characterized in that, is realized by following steps:
(1), the preparation Fe-Ni Alloy Powder, this Fe-Ni Alloy Powder is to be the powder of Fe with Ni 25%, Cr 15%, C 1%, Mo 2%, B 2%, Si 3%, W 2%, surplus by weight percentage, mixes and processes;
(2), the worktable operation of opening the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding, make the plasmatorch of the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding move on to top, turbine runner blade cladding position, open the plasmatorch shielding gas argon gas and the power supply of the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding; Voltage of supply: 380V, specified input capacity: 30KVA, output voltage: 75V; WV: 10～30V; Outward current: 300～600A, cladding sweep velocity: 150～500mm/min, powder feeder air-flow: 0.6～1.2 m
3/ h, ionized gas flow: 0.6～1.0 m
3/ h, shield gas flow rate: 0.6～1.0 m
3/ h; Make the electrode starting the arc, get into the plasma beam cladding process, the routine operation method of pressing the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding; The wear-resisting equipment of article on plasma cladding is operated, and under high temperature 10000-16000 ℃ of direct current plasma line, the Fe-Ni Alloy Powder that configures in the step (1) is sent in the plasma beam of plasmatorch synchronously; The turbine runner blade surface forms the molten bath close with the beam diameter size fast successively; Powder is fusing or semi-molten state and molten pool metal mixing diffusion reaction through rapid heating, along with moving of plasma electrode; Solidify rapidly in the alloy molten bath, forms with matrix to be the thick hard alloy coating of metallurgical binding 1-10mm;
(3), after cladding accomplishes, close plasmatorch power supply and source of the gas, after the cladding, the hard alloy coating of blade surface through grinding or polishing, or is directly used as blade.
3. a metal water turbine wheel surface plasma melting coating method is characterized in that, is realized by following steps:
(1), the preparation Fe-Ni Alloy Powder, this Fe-Ni Alloy Powder is to be the powder of Fe with Ni 30%, Cr 25%, C 2%, Mo 3%, B4%, Si 5%, W 4%, surplus by weight percentage, mixes and processes;
(2), the worktable operation of opening the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding, make the plasmatorch of the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding move on to top, turbine runner blade cladding position, open the plasmatorch shielding gas argon gas and the power supply of the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding; Voltage of supply: 380V, specified input capacity: 30KVA, output voltage: 75V; WV: 10～30V; Outward current: 300～600A, cladding sweep velocity: 150～500mm/min, powder feeder air-flow: 0.6～1.2 m
3/ h, ionized gas flow: 0.6～1.0 m
3/ h, shield gas flow rate: 0.6～1.0 m
3/ h; Make the electrode starting the arc, get into the plasma beam cladding process, the routine operation method of pressing the wear-resisting equipment of plasma cladding; The wear-resisting equipment of article on plasma cladding is operated, and under high temperature 10000-16000 ℃ of direct current plasma line, the Fe-Ni Alloy Powder that configures in the step (1) is sent in the plasma beam of plasmatorch synchronously; The turbine runner blade surface forms the molten bath close with the beam diameter size fast successively; Powder is fusing or semi-molten state and molten pool metal mixing diffusion reaction through rapid heating, along with moving of plasma electrode; Solidify rapidly in the alloy molten bath, forms with matrix to be the thick hard alloy coating of metallurgical binding 1-10mm;
(3), after cladding accomplishes, close plasmatorch power supply and source of the gas, after the cladding, the hard alloy coating of blade surface through grinding or polishing, or is directly used as blade.
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| CN102528376B (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2014-06-11 | 台州学院 | Electric spark precision repairing method for plastic mould |
| CN103834893B (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2016-01-27 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of electric spark deposition strengthens the method for metal hydroturbine runner blade surface in conjunction with plasma cladding |
| CN103805934B (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2016-01-06 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of electric spark deposition strengthens the method on metal roller surface in conjunction with plasma cladding |
| CN108914042B (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-09-11 | 安徽大地熊新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet |
| CN113088858A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 武汉大学 | Composite cladding layer for preventing corrosion of molten chloride and preparation method thereof |
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