CN102228533A - 苹果多酚在制备降血糖药物或降血糖食品中的应用 - Google Patents
苹果多酚在制备降血糖药物或降血糖食品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了苹果多酚在制备降血糖药物或降血糖食品中的应用。实验结果证明：苹果多酚对体外培养的胰岛细胞具有很好的保护作用，各规格苹果多酚给药组能够明显降低链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的血糖值。对链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的具有明显的降血脂作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及苹果多酚的新用途，特别是涉及苹果多酚在制备降血糖药物或降血糖食品中的应用。
背景技术
苹果多酚(AP)是苹果中天然存在的一类重要生物活性物质。AP包括多种酚类物质，可分为酚酸(绿原酸)及其羟基酸酯类、糖类衍生物和黄酮类成分(儿茶素、表儿茶素、原花青素、二羟基查耳酮、黄酮醇配糖体等)。一般情况，苹果的品种不同，各主要成分的含量也有差异。另外，未成熟的苹果与成熟苹果含量相比，成分组成相似，但成分含量上有很大的差异，特别是多酚类物质的含量高出成熟苹果含量的10倍以上。研究还发现果皮中的多酚含量远远高于果肉中的，这也解释了在苹果加工中去掉果皮会减轻褐变的现象。
苹果多酚的主要理化指标：苹果多酚(UV)20.0-90.0％，根皮苷(HPLC)1.0-20.0％，绿原酸(HPLC)1.0-30.0％，原花青素B2(HPLC)1.0-30.0％，根皮素(HPLC)1.0-10.0％。
苹果多酚的制备主要集中在有机溶剂提取上，也有关于用吸附分离及用超临界二氧化碳流体萃取的研究。
苹果多酚具有很强的抗氧化、清除自由基的能力。研究结果表明，苹果多酚的许多生理活性比茶多酚高100倍以上，其抗氧化能力是VE的50倍，Vc的20倍。以原花青素和缩合鞣质为主要成分的苹果多酚对微生物具有广谱抗菌性(包括对丝状真菌、酵母、细菌、病毒的抑制)。苹果多酚具有多种药理、保健功能，如苹果多酚能够抑制血管紧张素转移酶(ACE)，防止血管收缩，血压升高，还有抗突变功效，抗紫外线辐射等作用。可以开发延缓衰老、预防肿瘤、有效抑制高血压、高血脂及心脑血管疾病的医疗保健品及多种保健食品。此外最新报道苹果多酚具有护肝的作用，可以开发成护肝药物、保健食品。目前，苹果多酚在制备降血糖药物、保健食品或食品中的应用未见文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供苹果多酚在制备降血糖药物或降血糖食品中的应用。
本发明的技术方案概述如下：
苹果多酚在制备降血糖药物或降血糖食品中的应用。
所述降血糖药物的剂型为硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、散剂、颗粒剂、片剂、丸剂、蜜膏剂、口服液、酒剂、注射剂或茶剂。
所述降血糖食品为含有苹果多酚的饮料、糖果、大米制品、面粉制品、肉制品、鱼制品或食用油。
实验结果证明：苹果多酚对体外培养的胰岛细胞具有很好的保护作用，各规格苹果多酚给药组能够明显降低链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的血糖值。对链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的具有明显的降血脂作用。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例是为了使本领域的技术人员能更好的理解本发明但不以任何方式限制本发明。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
苹果多酚的来源：
对于市面销售的苹果多酚产品主要理化指标：苹果多酚(UV)20.0-90.0％，其中：根皮苷(HPLC)1.0-20.0％，绿原酸(HPLC)1.0-30.0％，原花青素B2(HPLC)1.0-30.0％，根皮素(HPLC)0.1-10.0％。市面销售的各种规格的苹果多酚其含量见表1。
实验表明苹果多酚的理化指标在下述范围中对胰岛细胞都具有很好的保护作用，且对链脲菌素诱导的I型糖尿病小鼠模型具有很好的降血糖作用。
表1
实施例1苹果多酚对胰岛细胞保护作用
大鼠胰岛细胞的分离与培养采用Brunstedt等[1]的方法进行试验。成年Wistar大鼠，无菌条件下取出胰腺剪碎，用Hank’s液体洗涤后，离心收集胰岛后，置于含10％小牛血清的RPMI-1640培养液中，于37℃CO2培养箱内培养，每日更换培养液，3d后接种于24孔细胞培养板，每孔浓度约含100个胰岛细胞，培养24h取上清液进行胰岛素和NO含量测定。
实验过程中分为十四个组，每组18孔样本。正常对照组，链脲佐菌素组(STZ组)(加入1mmol/L的链脲佐菌素培养液孵育24h)，苹果多酚对照组(不同规格)加入浓度为0.5mg/mL培养液孵育24h，苹果多酚保护组(AP+STZ)：预先加入含苹果多酚的不同规格培养液组，浓度为0.5mg/mL进行孵育24h后，加入1mmol/L的链脲佐菌素(STZ)培养液共同孵育24h。取上清液进行胰岛素和NO含量测定及胰岛细胞存活率检测，结果见表2。说明苹果多酚对体外培养的胰岛细胞具有很好的保护作用。
表2苹果多酚(AP)对体外培养胰岛细胞分泌功能、NO合成及胰岛细胞存活率的影响(X±S)
实验表明：各规格的苹果多酚对体外培养的胰岛细胞具有很好的保护作用。
实施例2苹果多酚对链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用
取体重40g左右的链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病ICR小鼠[2]，分成模型对照组和苹果多酚给药组，苹果多酚给药组灌胃给予苹果多酚1.5g/kg；模型对照组给予等体积的水。于0、2h取血，用葡萄糖测定试剂盒(中生北控生物科技股份有限公司)测定血糖。结果如表2所示。苹果多酚各规格给药组在给药2h都能够明显降低链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的血糖值。表2苹果多酚对链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用(*与模型对照组比，p＜0.05)
实验表明：各规格苹果多酚给药组在给药2h能够明显降低链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的血糖值。
实施例3苹果多酚给药1周对链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的降血脂作用
取体重40g左右的链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病ICR小鼠[2]，分成模型对照组和苹果多酚给药组，苹果多酚给药组灌胃给予苹果多酚1.5g/kg；模型对照组给予等体积的水。连续给药1周后取血，用甘油三酯测定试剂盒(中生北控生物科技股份有限公司)测定甘油三酯。结果如表3所示。实验结果显示各规格的苹果多酚给药1周后对链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠具都具有明显的降血脂作用。
表3苹果多酚对链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的降血脂作用(*与模型对照组比，p＜0.05)
实验表明：各规格苹果多酚给药组给药1周后对链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的具有明显的降血脂作用。
实施例4苹果多酚对链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的葡萄糖耐受量的影响
取体重40g左右的链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病ICR小鼠[2]，分成模型对照组和苹果多酚给药组，苹果多酚给药组灌胃给予苹果多酚1.5g/kg；模型对照组给予等体积的水。连续给药1周后，动物禁食过夜，给药1次后30min，然后灌胃葡萄糖(2.5g/kg)，于给药的0、1、2h取血，用葡萄糖测定试剂盒(中生北控生物科技股份有限公司)测定血糖。结果见表4。实验结果显示苹果多酚给药一周后，对链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的葡萄糖耐受量具有明显改善作用。
表4苹果多酚对链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的葡萄糖耐受量的影响(*与模型对照组比，p＜0.05)
实验表明：各规格的苹果多酚给药组给药1周后对链脲菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠的具有明显的降血脂作用。
参考文献：
[1]Kobayashi T.，Nakase H.，Nakanishi K et al.In situ characterization of islets in diabetes with amitochondrial DNA mutation at nucleotide position 3243.Diabetes 1997，46(10)：1567.
[2]Hidehiko Beppu，Kan Shimpo，Takeshi Chihara，et al.Antidiabetic effects of dietaryadministration of Aloe arborescens Miller components on multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induceddiabetes in mice：Investigation on hypoglycemic action and systemic absorption dynamics of aloecomponents.Journal of Ethnopharmacology 103(2006)468-477.
Claims (3)
1.苹果多酚在制备降血糖药物或降血糖食品中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的苹果多酚在制备降血糖药物或降血糖食品中的应用，其特征是所述降血糖药物的剂型为硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、散剂、颗粒剂、片剂、丸剂、蜜膏剂、口服液、酒剂、注射剂或茶剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的苹果多酚在制备降血糖药物或降血糖食品中的应用，其特征在于所述降血糖食品为含有苹果多酚的饮料、糖果、大米制品、面粉制品、肉制品、鱼制品或食用油。
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