CN102205479A - Process for controlling deformation of axle-hung box of locomotive - Google Patents
Process for controlling deformation of axle-hung box of locomotive Download PDFInfo
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- CN102205479A CN102205479A CN2010102884530A CN201010288453A CN102205479A CN 102205479 A CN102205479 A CN 102205479A CN 2010102884530 A CN2010102884530 A CN 2010102884530A CN 201010288453 A CN201010288453 A CN 201010288453A CN 102205479 A CN102205479 A CN 102205479A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of processing of an axle-hung box of a locomotive, in particular to a process for controlling the deformation of the axle-hung box of the locomotive. The process comprises the following steps of: (1) performing rough machining on a cast steel blank; (2) performing fine machining on the cast steel blank; and (3) checking and storing into a storehouse: a, removing burrs and detecting flaws, b, measuring by using a three-dimensional coordinate, c, manually checking, and d, coating the surface and storing into the storehouse. By the process, burrs, a welding stress and a rough machining stress on thin-wall parts of the cast steel which are easy to deform are eliminated as much as possible; meanwhile, the machining sequence is arranged rationally; a fixture is designed and used and a positioning and clamping point is set rationally, so the deformation of the fixture is reduced; and interference and influence of various factors on key elements can be eliminated by the final fine machining. The process guarantees the machining precision and the quality of a product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to locomotive axle suspension bearing box processing technique field, especially a kind of technology of controlling the distortion of locomotive axle suspension bearing box.
Background technology
Axle suspension bearing box is the steel-casting blank, heavily about 210kg.Structure is special, and the centre is open semi-circular structure, and the semicircle wall thickness is 12mm only, and poor rigidity is yielding; Processing technology is poor, the clamping difficulty; The rough-cast defective that comes out after the roughing needs to reprocess through repair welding, has machining stress and welding stress.Dead eye one end need be inlayed ring washer, and the magnitude of interference 0.10～0.2mm causes axle suspension bearing box distortion, cannot say for sure machining accuracy.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of existing axle suspension bearing box difficult processing, machining accuracy difference, the invention provides a kind of technology of controlling the distortion of locomotive axle suspension bearing box.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of technology of controlling the distortion of locomotive axle suspension bearing box may further comprise the steps:
(1) the steel-casting blank is carried out roughing, a, draw processing correction reference line, roughing face and hole processing line, b, blank is carried out roughing, c, the workpiece after the roughing is carried out repair by welding, d, workpiece is heat-treated, e, workpiece is leveled decontamination;
(2) the steel-casting blank is carried out fine finishining, a, stroke processing correction reference line, roughing face and hole processing line, b, general key element fine finishining, key element semifinishing for the first time, c, to the surface of the work magnetic particle testing checks casting flaw and crackle, d, thimble hole fine finishining, key element semifinishing for the second time, e, freezing edge cover, f, key element fine finishining;
(3) check warehouse-in, a, deburring and flaw detection, b, three-dimensional coordinates measurement, c, hand inspection, d, external coating and warehouse-in.
According to another embodiment of the invention, comprise that further described workpiece is the steel-casting blank, described steel-casting blank quality is 100～300Kg.
According to another embodiment of the invention, comprise that further described step (1) is meant that bearings at both ends hole and end face, last installed surface, following installed surface, two ends external arc, left and right sides face and two ends internal arm to workpiece carry out roughing.
According to another embodiment of the invention, comprise that further described workpiece is heat-treated is meant that carrying out aging temp is that 530～540 ℃, time are 3～4 hours heat treatment.
According to another embodiment of the invention, further comprise and describedly workpiece is leveled decontamination be meant the shot striking work surface of dishing out with 75～79m/s speed.
According to another embodiment of the invention, comprise that further described general key element is meant that in workpiece function of use and requirement on machining accuracy be not very high position: screw and screwed hole are installed on the end face of two ends; Hole on lower left stent cover and the face; The two ends exterior arc surface; Left end circular arc end face; Screw and screwed hole, left and right sides home record face on the motor installed surface.
According to another embodiment of the invention, comprise that further described key element is meant at workpiece function of use and the higher position of required precision: bearings at both ends installing hole aperture and Geometrical Tolerance Principle, left end outside diameter and Geometrical Tolerance Principle, the motor installed surface flatness depth of parallelism require to reach to bearings at both ends hole centre distance, left and right sides installed surface size and the requirement of depth of parallelism flatness.
According to another embodiment of the invention, comprise that further described freezing edge cover is meant the thimble hole wiped clean, will to be put into temperature after the edge shelves ring wiped clean be subzero 196 ℃～0 ℃ liquid nitrogen 5～10 minutes, take out then by edge shelves ring and put into by the edge cover, and will inlay cover and evenly rotate, guarantee to cooperate contact good.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the present invention has eliminated blank, welding, roughing stress as far as possible for the yielding part of cast steel thin-walled; Rationally arrange processing primary and secondary successively simultaneously; Frock is used in design, and the location clamping point rationally is set, and reduces the frock distortion; Key element can be eliminated the interference and the influence of various factors by final fine finishining.This technology has guaranteed the precision of processing and the quality of product.So far finished the processing of more than 2000 axle suspension bearing box, do not found owing to distortion makes the serious overproof phenomenon of part.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
As Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention, and a kind of technology of controlling the distortion of locomotive axle suspension bearing box may further comprise the steps:
(1) the steel-casting blank is carried out roughing, a, draw processing correction reference line, roughing face and hole processing line, b, blank is carried out roughing, c, the workpiece after the roughing is carried out repair by welding, d, workpiece is heat-treated, e, workpiece is leveled decontamination;
(2) the steel-casting blank is carried out fine finishining, a, stroke processing correction reference line, roughing face and hole processing line, b, general key element fine finishining, key element semifinishing for the first time, c, to the surface of the work magnetic particle testing checks casting flaw and crackle, d, thimble hole fine finishining, key element semifinishing for the second time, e, freezing edge cover, f, key element fine finishining;
(3) check warehouse-in, a, deburring and flaw detection, b, three-dimensional coordinates measurement, c, hand inspection, d, external coating and warehouse-in.
Described workpiece is the steel-casting blank, and described steel-casting blank quality is 100～300Kg.
Described step (1) is meant the bearings at both ends hole of workpiece and end face, upward installed surface, following installed surface, two ends external arc, left and right sides face and two ends internal arm carry out roughing.
Described workpiece is heat-treated is meant that carrying out aging temp is that 530～540 ℃, time are 3～4 hours heat treatment.
Describedly workpiece is leveled decontamination be meant the shot striking work surface of dishing out with 75～79m/s speed.
Described general key element is meant that in workpiece function of use and requirement on machining accuracy be not very high position: screw and screwed hole are installed on the end face of two ends; Hole on lower left stent cover and the face; The two ends exterior arc surface; Left end circular arc end face; Screw and screwed hole, left and right sides home record face on the motor installed surface.
Described key element is meant at workpiece function of use and the higher position of required precision: bearings at both ends installing hole aperture and Geometrical Tolerance Principle, left end outside diameter and Geometrical Tolerance Principle, the motor installed surface flatness depth of parallelism require to reach to bearings at both ends hole centre distance, left and right sides installed surface size and the requirement of depth of parallelism flatness.
Described freezing edge cover is meant the thimble hole wiped clean, will to be put into temperature after the edge shelves ring wiped clean be subzero 196 ℃～0 ℃ liquid nitrogen 5～10 minutes, take out then by edge shelves ring and put into by the edge cover, and will inlay cover and evenly rotate, guarantee to cooperate contact good.
Embodiment 1:
1. steel-casting blank: axle suspension bearing box is the steel-casting blank, prepares the steel-casting integral workblank, and quality is 150Kg;
2. blank line: draw processing correction reference line and roughing face and hole processing line: the bearings at both ends hole and the end face of axle suspension bearing box, external arc, go up installed surface, installed surface and two ends internal arm face down;
3. blank roughing: the bearings at both ends hole of processing axle suspension bearing box and end face, last installed surface, following installed surface, two ends external arc, left and right sides face, two ends internal arm;
4. rewelding: because of the casting flaw that comes out after the roughing such as shrinkage cavity, loose, carry out repair by welding because of distortion causes the need of machined surface and hole allowance deficiency;
5. artificial aging: it is that 535 ℃, time are 3 hours heat treatment that the axle suspension bearing box after the roughing is carried out aging temp; Purpose: eliminate blank stress, roughing stress and welding stress, prevent workpiece deformation; It is unlikely too high to control the heat treatment aging temp simultaneously, the workpiece deformation when mainly preventing heat treatment;
6. shot blasting on surface: with the shot bump axle suspension bearing box surface that 75m/s speed is dished out, play axle suspension bearing box is leveled decontamination, guaranteed uniformity, the strengthening surface purpose on surface, prepare for the processing of subsequent step simultaneously;
7. secondary line: draw processing correction reference line, polished surface and hole processing line: the bearings at both ends hole and the end face of axle suspension bearing box, external arc, go up installed surface, installed surface and two ends internal arm face down;
8. general key element fine finishining, key element is half finishing once: fine finishining is all finished in hole and screw, stent cover and hole on hole and screw, the installed surface on axle suspension bearing box baseplane, two terminal circle cambered surface, internal arm, the both ends of the surface; Semifinishing is carried out in bearings at both ends hole and end face, thimble hole, cylindrical, installed surface, front and back locating surface, reserved the allowance for finish of 0.5mm; Because axle suspension bearing box whole workpiece poor rigidity must place workpiece at last on the special-purpose storage rack of axle suspension bearing box and deposit and the logistics transportation, with the distortion that prevents to expect;
9. secondary repair welding flaw detection: to the surface of the work magnetic particle testing; check casting flaw and crackle; find back employing GTAW, described GTAW is exactly a kind of gas shielded arc welding method that adopts tungsten bar to utilize argon gas to weld as protective gas as electrode.Since argon gas be a kind of inert gas not with the metal chemically reactive, so the metal bath that can adequately protect is not oxidized; Argon gas at high temperature is insoluble in the liquid metal simultaneously, so weld seam is difficult for generating pore, weldquality height.Because the compression and the cooling effect of argon gas stream, the heat-affected zone is very narrow in the arc heat quantity set, and welding deformation and stress are all little; Arc stability, it is few to splash, and postwelding is without scarfing cinder; Welding wire separates with electrode, pool size easy to control.Therefore adopt the GTAW method that rewelding and polishing are revised; Further remove blemish, improve yield rate and end product quality;
10. thimble hole fine finishining, the semifinishing of key element secondary: right boring thimble hole, finish-milling dead eye end cap and installed surface, for the second time locating surface, half right boring cylindrical before and after half right boring bearings at both ends hole, half finish-milling, the allowance for finish of 0.3mm is reserved in semifinishing for the second time;
11. freezing edge cover: with the thimble hole wiped clean, will be put into liquid nitrogen (following 196 ℃ of zero temperature) after the edge shelves ring wiped clean and take out in 6 minutes and put into, and will overlap evenly and rotate, and guarantee to cooperate contact well by the edge cover;
12. key element fine finishining: accurately machined installed surface is located locating surface before and after right boring bearings at both ends hole, a right boring circle, the finish-milling;
13. deburring and flaw detection: machined burrs, overlap are removed in pincers worker, improve surface quality;
14. three-dimensional coordinates measurement: send three-dimensional to carry out accuracy checking size and form and position tolerance accuracy value and provide examining report;
15. hand inspection: measured bearings at both ends hole, front and back locating surface, cylindrical and screw equidimension precision and judged that whether qualified workpiece is by the inspection personnel, qualified workpiece flows into the external coating operation;
16. external coating: the non-machined surface of workpiece is carried out spray paint, and machined surface properly protects;
17. warehouse-in: workpiece is winched on the storage rack, and two ends put elastometric boot, are transported to repair parts stock.
Machining element explanation on the axle suspension bearing box:
1. general key element:
In part function of use and requirement on machining accuracy is not very high position: screw and screwed hole are installed on as the two ends end face; Hole on lower left stent cover and the face; The two ends exterior arc surface; Left end circular arc end face; Screw and screwed hole, left and right sides home record face on the motor installed surface.
2. key element:
At part function of use and the higher position of required precision: bearings at both ends installing hole aperture and Geometrical Tolerance Principle, left end outside diameter and Geometrical Tolerance Principle, the motor installed surface flatness depth of parallelism require to reach to bearings at both ends hole centre distance, left and right sides installed surface size and the requirement of depth of parallelism flatness.
Embodiment 2:
1. steel-casting blank: axle suspension bearing box is the steel-casting blank, prepares the steel-casting integral workblank, and quality is 230Kg;
2. blank line: draw processing correction reference line and roughing face and hole processing line: the bearings at both ends hole and the end face of axle suspension bearing box, external arc, go up installed surface, installed surface and two ends internal arm face down;
3. blank roughing: the bearings at both ends hole of processing axle suspension bearing box and end face, last installed surface, following installed surface, two ends external arc, left and right sides face, two ends internal arm;
4. rewelding: because of the casting flaw that comes out after the roughing such as shrinkage cavity, loose, carry out repair by welding because of distortion causes the need of machined surface and hole allowance deficiency;
5. artificial aging: it is that 530 ℃, time are 4 hours heat treatment that the axle suspension bearing box after the roughing is carried out aging temp; Purpose: eliminate blank stress, roughing stress and welding stress, prevent workpiece deformation; It is unlikely too high to control the heat treatment aging temp simultaneously, the workpiece deformation when mainly preventing heat treatment;
6. shot blasting on surface: with the shot bump axle suspension bearing box surface that 76m/s speed is dished out, play axle suspension bearing box is leveled decontamination, guaranteed uniformity, the strengthening surface purpose on surface, prepare for the processing of subsequent step simultaneously;
7. secondary line: draw processing correction reference line, polished surface and hole processing line: the bearings at both ends hole and the end face of axle suspension bearing box, external arc, go up installed surface, installed surface and two ends internal arm face down;
8. general key element fine finishining, key element is half finishing once: fine finishining is all finished in hole and screw, stent cover and hole on hole and screw, the installed surface on axle suspension bearing box baseplane, two terminal circle cambered surface, internal arm, the both ends of the surface; Semifinishing is carried out in bearings at both ends hole and end face, thimble hole, cylindrical, installed surface, front and back locating surface, reserved the allowance for finish of 0.6mm; Because axle suspension bearing box whole workpiece poor rigidity must place workpiece at last on the special-purpose storage rack of axle suspension bearing box and deposit and the logistics transportation, with the distortion that prevents to expect;
9. secondary repair welding flaw detection: to the surface of the work magnetic particle testing; check casting flaw and crackle; find back employing GTAW, described GTAW is exactly a kind of gas shielded arc welding method that adopts tungsten bar to utilize argon gas to weld as protective gas as electrode.Since argon gas be a kind of inert gas not with the metal chemically reactive, so the metal bath that can adequately protect is not oxidized; Argon gas at high temperature is insoluble in the liquid metal simultaneously, so weld seam is difficult for generating pore, weldquality height.Because the compression and the cooling effect of argon gas stream, the heat-affected zone is very narrow in the arc heat quantity set, and welding deformation and stress are all little; Arc stability, it is few to splash, and postwelding is without scarfing cinder; Welding wire separates with electrode, pool size easy to control.Therefore adopt the GTAW method that rewelding and polishing are revised; Further remove blemish, improve yield rate and end product quality;
10. thimble hole fine finishining, the semifinishing of key element secondary: right boring thimble hole, finish-milling dead eye end cap and installed surface, for the second time locating surface, half right boring cylindrical before and after half right boring bearings at both ends hole, half finish-milling, the allowance for finish of 0.4mm is reserved in semifinishing for the second time;
11. freezing edge cover: with the thimble hole wiped clean, will be put into liquid nitrogen (following 196 ℃ of zero temperature) after the edge shelves ring wiped clean and take out in 5 minutes and put into, and will overlap evenly and rotate, and guarantee to cooperate contact well by the edge cover;
12. key element fine finishining: accurately machined installed surface is located locating surface before and after right boring bearings at both ends hole, a right boring circle, the finish-milling;
13. deburring and flaw detection: machined burrs, overlap are removed in pincers worker, improve surface quality;
14. three-dimensional coordinates measurement: send three-dimensional to carry out accuracy checking size and form and position tolerance accuracy value and provide examining report;
15. hand inspection: measured bearings at both ends hole, front and back locating surface, cylindrical and screw equidimension precision and judged that whether qualified workpiece is by the inspection personnel, qualified workpiece flows into the external coating operation;
16. external coating: the non-machined surface of workpiece is carried out spray paint, and machined surface properly protects;
17. warehouse-in: workpiece is winched on the storage rack, and two ends put elastometric boot, are transported to repair parts stock.
Machining element explanation on the axle suspension bearing box:
1. general key element:
In part function of use and requirement on machining accuracy is not very high position: screw and screwed hole are installed on as the two ends end face; Hole on lower left stent cover and the face; The two ends exterior arc surface; Left end circular arc end face; Screw and screwed hole, left and right sides home record face on the motor installed surface.
2. key element:
At part function of use and the higher position of required precision: bearings at both ends installing hole aperture and Geometrical Tolerance Principle, left end outside diameter and Geometrical Tolerance Principle, the motor installed surface flatness depth of parallelism require to reach to bearings at both ends hole centre distance, left and right sides installed surface size and the requirement of depth of parallelism flatness.
The present invention has eliminated blank, welding, roughing stress as far as possible for the yielding part of cast steel thin-walled; Rationally arrange processing primary and secondary successively simultaneously; Frock is used in design, and the location clamping point rationally is set, and reduces the frock distortion; Key element can be eliminated the interference and the influence of various factors by final fine finishining.This technology has guaranteed the precision of processing and the quality of product.So far finished the processing of more than 2000 axle suspension bearing box, do not found owing to distortion makes the serious overproof phenomenon of part.
Claims (8)
1. a technology of controlling the distortion of locomotive axle suspension bearing box is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the steel-casting blank is carried out roughing, a, draw processing correction reference line, roughing face and hole processing line, b, blank is carried out roughing, c, the workpiece after the roughing is carried out repair by welding, d, workpiece is heat-treated, e, workpiece is leveled decontamination;
(2) the steel-casting blank is carried out fine finishining, a, stroke processing correction reference line, roughing face and hole processing line, b, general key element fine finishining, key element semifinishing for the first time, c, to the surface of the work magnetic particle testing checks casting flaw and crackle, d, thimble hole fine finishining, key element semifinishing for the second time, e, freezing edge cover, f, key element fine finishining;
(3) check warehouse-in, a, deburring and flaw detection, b, three-dimensional coordinates measurement, c, hand inspection, d, external coating and warehouse-in.
2. the technology of control locomotive axle suspension bearing box distortion according to claim 1 is characterized in that described workpiece is the steel-casting blank, and described steel-casting blank quality is 100～300Kg.
3. the technology of control locomotive axle suspension bearing box distortion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (1) is meant the bearings at both ends hole of workpiece and end face, upward installed surface, following installed surface, two ends external arc, left and right sides face and two ends internal arm carry out roughing.
4. the technology of control locomotive axle suspension bearing box according to claim 1 distortion is characterized in that, described workpiece is heat-treated is meant that carrying out aging temp is that 530～540 ℃, time are 3～4 hours heat treatment.
5. the technology of control locomotive axle suspension bearing box according to claim 1 distortion is characterized in that, describedly workpiece is leveled decontamination is meant the shot striking work surface of dishing out with 75～79m/s speed.
6. the technology of control locomotive axle suspension bearing box distortion according to claim 1 is characterized in that described general key element is meant that in workpiece function of use and requirement on machining accuracy be not very high position: screw and screwed hole are installed on the end face of two ends; Hole on lower left stent cover and the face; The two ends exterior arc surface; Left end circular arc end face; Screw and screwed hole, left and right sides home record face on the motor installed surface.
7. the technology of control locomotive axle suspension bearing box distortion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described key element is meant at workpiece function of use and the higher position of required precision: bearings at both ends installing hole aperture and Geometrical Tolerance Principle, left end outside diameter and Geometrical Tolerance Principle, the motor installed surface flatness depth of parallelism require to reach to bearings at both ends hole centre distance, left and right sides installed surface size and the requirement of depth of parallelism flatness.
8. the technology of control locomotive axle suspension bearing box distortion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described freezing edge cover is meant the thimble hole wiped clean, will to be put into temperature after the edge shelves ring wiped clean be subzero 196 ℃～0 ℃ liquid nitrogen 5～10 minutes, take out then by edge shelves ring and put into by the edge cover, and will inlay cover and evenly rotate, guarantee to cooperate contact good.
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| CN 201010288453 CN102205479B (en) | 2010-09-21 | 2010-09-21 | Process for controlling deformation of axle-hung box of locomotive |
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| CN 201010288453 CN102205479B (en) | 2010-09-21 | 2010-09-21 | Process for controlling deformation of axle-hung box of locomotive |
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Citations (1)
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Address after: Yanling road 213011 Jiangsu city of Changzhou province No. 358 Patentee after: Qishuyan Zhongche Locomotive Co. Ltd. Address before: Yanling road 213011 Jiangsu city of Changzhou province No. 358 Patentee before: CHINA NANCHE GROUP QISHUYAN LOCOMOTIVE VEHICLE Co., Ltd. |