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CN102203513B - 用于防止微生物生长的水循环系统 - Google Patents

用于防止微生物生长的水循环系统 Download PDF

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CN102203513B
CN102203513B CN200880131311.4A CN200880131311A CN102203513B CN 102203513 B CN102203513 B CN 102203513B CN 200880131311 A CN200880131311 A CN 200880131311A CN 102203513 B CN102203513 B CN 102203513B
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CN102203513A (zh
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M·纳特索斯
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Zeonda AB
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03BINSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B7/00Water main or service pipe systems
    • E03B7/09Component parts or accessories
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03BINSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B1/00Methods or layout of installations for water supply
    • E03B1/04Methods or layout of installations for water supply for domestic or like local supply
    • E03B1/048Systems for collecting not used fresh water
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03BINSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B7/00Water main or service pipe systems
    • E03B7/04Domestic or like local pipe systems
    • E03B7/045Domestic or like local pipe systems diverting initially cold water in warm water supply
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03BINSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B7/00Water main or service pipe systems
    • E03B7/09Component parts or accessories
    • E03B7/10Devices preventing bursting of pipes by freezing
    • E03B7/12Devices preventing bursting of pipes by freezing by preventing freezing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03CDOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/02Plumbing installations for fresh water
    • E03C1/021Devices for positioning or connecting of water supply lines
    • E03C1/023Devices for positioning or connecting of water supply lines with flow distribution, e.g. diverters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0073Arrangements for preventing the occurrence or proliferation of microorganisms in the water
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0078Recirculation systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00Control of temperature
    • G05D23/01Control of temperature without auxiliary power
    • G05D23/015Control of temperature without auxiliary power with mechanical sensing element not covered by groups G05D23/02 and G05D23/12
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B05B1/18Roses; Shower heads
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/40Protecting water resources
    • Y02A20/411Water saving techniques at user level
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318Processes
    • Y10T137/0324With control of flow by a condition or characteristic of a fluid
    • Y10T137/0379By fluid pressure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2559Self-controlled branched flow systems
    • Y10T137/265Plural outflows
    • Y10T137/2668Alternately or successively substituted outflow
    • Y10T137/2688Flow rate responsive
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/6416With heating or cooling of the system
    • Y10T137/6497Hot and cold water system having a connection from the hot to the cold channel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7737Thermal responsive
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/85954Closed circulating system
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    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/86485Line condition change responsive release of valve
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49716Converting

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Abstract

一种用于减少医院和其它具有大型水循环系统的设施的微生物生长和积聚的水循环系统。即使当出水头未被使用时,该系统也允许55℃以上的热水恒定地流过出水头,这样避免了管线中的静水和微生物的生长或积聚。

Description

用于防止微生物生长的水循环系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种供水系统,包括出水口和冷热水混合器单元,该混合器单元设置成使出水口和混合器单元都能够得到热力消毒。这是通过使通常静止的水在混合器单元和水出口之间的管路中循环来实现的。
背景技术
很多供水系统的一个问题是系统中存在微生物。这些微生物可能在水静止的位置积聚和繁殖,例如淋浴头、水龙头、喷洒器等。在医院、军营、运动中心、办公大楼等地方的管道内的静水可能造成有害细菌的生长和传播,如军团菌。这些以及其它细菌可在静止条件和大约20-50℃的温度之间成倍繁殖。已经发现高于55℃的温度可减少或消除细菌的生长。
现有技术提出了很多限制细菌传播或消灭细菌的方法。WO 05/124236描述了一种过滤器辐射系统。通过将过滤器放在辐射步骤之前,大多数细菌或其它生物被捕获,因此仅需要相对低强度的辐射源使微生物失去活性。‘236文献还描述了可以改变辐射以适应暴露时间。例如,与分接点(如淋浴头、水龙头、喷洒器)周围的静水相比,使来自过滤器的流动水失去活性需要更高的强度。‘236的缺点是需要辐射源,以及过滤器或者经过一段时间会被堵塞因而变得失去功能,或者需要被丢弃。后者是不切实际的,通常成本较高,也不环保,并且有移走被捕获的细菌的风险。US-06/0151622描述了该问题的解决方案,即通过提供管中有恒定水流的系统,从而避免静止点。另外,循环水保持在细菌成倍繁殖的临界温度区域20-50℃之外。‘622文献描述了一种系统,其中热水和冷水进口管通过恒温器与回水管连接。恒温器被设定在高于或低于临界温度的适当温度,以控制回水水流温度。另外,可在恒温器之前设置水流调节阀以控制回水管内的水流。
显然需要一种可以提供恒定流动并且能保持临界水温以减少军团菌和其它细菌传播风险的系统。该系统还应当不复杂,具有最少的额外管路。本发明就提供了这样一种系统,并且还适用于很多常规的供水系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种可以使供水系统中诸如军团菌的微生物的生长和传播最小化的装置。目的是提供一种不复杂的能应用于任何适合场所的结构。
通过独立权利要求1限定的装置可克服现有技术的至少一些缺点。
通过使供水系统中水(优选地温度高于55℃)恒定地流动可以实现本发明的目的。恒定流动是通过例如设置在混合器单元中的混水阀和放置在出水口之前的压力或流量传感阀来实现的。当系统在使用时,例如当有人正在洗澡时,操作混水阀以提供在适合工作压力下的高流速的水。该工作压力或高流速使压力或流量传感阀移动到第一位置,其允许来自混水阀的水流向和流出出水口。当系统不再被使用时,水流被限制为流过混水阀的低压的预定泄漏流,从而使压力或流量传感阀移到第二位置,其防止水流过出水口,相反地,使水漏过混水阀流入回水管。
本发明提供一种不复杂的方法来给供水系统消毒,并且与很多现有的常规供水系统兼容。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的供水系统的第一实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的在于提供一种可减少管路中微生物的生长和积聚风险的水循环系统。在住宅、商业和卫生保健建筑中,如公寓楼、办公楼、宾馆和医院中,循环水系统中微生物生长的问题非常重要。今天大多数这样的建筑都有室内水循环系统,其中水的温度高于50℃,通常在57℃左右,以避免微生物的生长和积聚。然而在这样的系统中,个别的出水口如龙头和淋浴头可能一段时间内没被使用,在这样的出水口处的静水和相关管路会促使细菌生长。
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明的供水系统80的第一实施例。该系统包括用于为出水头如淋浴头40或水龙头或类似物供水的混合器单元50。该出水头包括一个或多个出水口45。热水a和冷水b进入混合单元50,流出后进入管30。
当处于打开位置时(也就是当有人在洗澡时)混合器单元正常工作,并供给根据国家使用的建筑和卫生规范(the building and sanitary codes)的流量(例如,0.2升每秒)。流到淋浴器的水可以具有例如6巴的适当工作压力。混合单元可根据调节提供处于安全温度例如14℃到38℃之间的水。可分别通过流量和温度调节器51、52改变水压(因此流速)和温度。
在本发明的第一实施例中,在出水头40之前或之内设置可机械地、液压地或电子地操作的压力和/或流量传感阀60。另外,提供混水阀10,并将其布置在混合单元50内。压力和/或流量传感阀60布置成可在两极端位置之间移动,其中在第一极端位置,允许所有水通过出水口45流出出水头40,在第二极端位置,允许所有水流入回水管70。压力和/或流量传感阀60,如这里示意性所示地具有挡板61,但也可以想到其它形式的适合控制水流的阀。压力和/或流量传感阀60能够根据水压使挡板61在第一位置I和第二位置Ⅱ之间移动。在高压和/或高流速时,如当混合器单元完全打开时,混水阀10完全打开,压力和/或流量传感阀60移动挡板61到第一位置I,此时允许水通过出水口45流出。当混合器单元关闭时,即,例如当没有人洗澡时,混水阀10允许高于55℃优选57℃的高温水低压(如0.1巴)低速流动。这是通过例如调节用于引入热水和冷水的混合器单元50中的混水阀以允许预定泄漏通过它们来实现的。然后压力和/或流量传感阀60探测水压的下降和/或低流速,并以预定的降低的压力值或流速,压力和/或流量传感阀60将挡板61移到第二位置Ⅱ以防止水通过出水口45流出。相反地,水流过出水头然后进入回水管70。在整个系统中仍然有恒定水流,优选包括出水头,但优选没有水通过出水口45流出。因此,在包括出水头的整个系统中,微生物的积聚和繁殖可以减少。这样,在第二位置Ⅱ,压力和/或流量传感阀60会在防止水通过出水口45流出的同时能够使水流入回水管70。回水管可以连接全部室内循环水系统80。由于包括出水头的系统中有恒定的流动,因此系统可以通过添加消毒化学药品或其它添加剂容易地进行消毒。也就是说,如果系统由于本地的或系统的某种原因,例如不能保持需要的温度,可以容易地添加消毒添加剂来恢复系统。
为了避免烫伤风险,可以提供一种防烫伤装置,用于在使用者希望使用淋浴器或水龙头或类似物操作混合器单元后的最初几秒期间,防止被加热的循环水流出出水口40。
在第二实施例中,混水阀10设置在混合器单元50中。
根据第三实施例,本发明提供了一种改进现有供水系统的方法,包括在设置于出水头之前或之内的压力和/或流量传感阀前面设置泄漏混水阀以确保恒定流动的步骤,优选地将该混水阀设置在混合器单元中。这样混合器单元像正常一样连接热水和冷水供给。额外需要的管件只有在淋浴头内的阀和系统回水管之间的管。通常在如医院和旅馆这样的建筑内,系统回水管在接近浴室的位置—在屋顶空间,或者在房间外的走廊—因此连接这样的额外管路是相对便宜和容易的。

Claims (1)

1.一种水循环系统,用于减少供水系统中微生物的生长,包括:至少一进水管(20)和具有一个或多个出水口(45)的出水头(40),以及回水管(70),其特征在于,在出水头(40)之前或之内设置压力或流量传感阀(60),在压力或流量传感阀(60)之前设置混水阀(10),其中所述压力或流量传感阀(60)能够在第一预定压力或流量致动以允许水流过出水口(45),以及能够在更低的第二预定压力或流量致动以允许水通过出水头(40)流入回水管(70);并且混水阀在关闭位置时允许通过所述混水阀(10)的恒定的预定泄漏。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水循环系统,其中,压力或流量传感阀(60)被机械地、液压地或电子地操作。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一权利要求所述的水循环系统,其中,该供水系统包括用于为出水头供水的混合器单元(50),混水阀(10)放置于混合器单元(50)内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的水循环系统,其中,设置防烫伤装置,防止加热的循环水在混合器单元操作之后的最初几秒通过出水口(45)排出。
5.一种改进现有供水系统的方法,该现有供水系统包括至少一进水管(20)和具有一个或多个出水口(45)的出水头(40),以及回水管(70),
其特征在于,提供具有压力或流量传感阀(60)和混水阀(10)的水循环系统,该压力或流量传感阀(60)设置在出水头(40)之前或之内,混水阀(10)设置在压力或流量传感阀(60)之前,其中,所述压力或流量传感阀(60)能够在第一预定压力或流量致动以允许水流过出水口(45),以及能够在更低的第二预定压力或流量致动以允许水通过出水头(40)流入回水管(70);并且混水阀在关闭位置时允许通过所述混水阀(10)的恒定的预定泄漏,以保证所述水循环系统中的恒定流动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,该供水系统包括用于为出水头供水的混合器单元(50),混水阀(10)设置在混合器单元(50)内。
CN200880131311.4A 2008-09-25 2008-09-25 用于防止微生物生长的水循环系统 Expired - Fee Related CN102203513B (zh)

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AU2008362219A1 (en) 2010-04-01
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US9382695B2 (en) 2016-07-05
EP2334992A1 (en) 2011-06-22
US20110174404A1 (en) 2011-07-21
CN102203513A (zh) 2011-09-28
EP2334992B1 (en) 2017-12-06
JP2012503756A (ja) 2012-02-09
AU2008362219B2 (en) 2014-10-23
WO2010036160A1 (en) 2010-04-01
ES2655295T3 (es) 2018-02-19

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