CN102202456A - Accelerating pulse forming device of dielectric wall accelerator - Google Patents
Accelerating pulse forming device of dielectric wall accelerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN102202456A CN102202456A CN 201010133705 CN201010133705A CN102202456A CN 102202456 A CN102202456 A CN 102202456A CN 201010133705 CN201010133705 CN 201010133705 CN 201010133705 A CN201010133705 A CN 201010133705A CN 102202456 A CN102202456 A CN 102202456A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an accelerating pulse forming device of a dielectric wall accelerator. The accelerating pulse forming device comprises three functional sections, wherein the first section is an accelerating voltage pulse forming part and consists of a dielectric flat plate, metal electrodes arranged on two surfaces of the dielectric flat plate, an external power supply arranged in the middle of the dielectric flat plate, and a photoconductive switch; the second section is a matching section which is connected in parallel with the accelerating voltage pulse forming part; and the third section is a pulse voltage doubling section and is formed by overlapping at least three dielectric flat plates, wherein metal electrodes are arranged on two surfaces of each dielectric flat plate, the beginning ends of the electrodes are connected in parallel with the matching section; and the terminal ends of the transmission lines of the electrodes are connected in series with each other. The accelerating pulse forming device has the advantages that: no direct-current voltage is loaded on the wall of a dielectric pipe and the photoconductive switch is used; the obtained accelerating voltage pulse is increased by 2-4 times; the accelerating pulse forming device is simple in structure, small in volume and low in cost; the accelerating voltage pulse width can be designed arbitrarily; and the accelerating beam current is strong and the accelerating gradient is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of high current particle accelerator, and particularly accelerated current is strong, and the acceleration pulse of the dielectric wall accelerator that accelerating gradient is high forms device.
Background technology
Accelerator art has had significant progress through hundred years of development.The accelerator of various structures is being brought into play crucial effect in fields such as the national economic development, scientific research, health care, national defense construction.But present accelerator all has its weak point, and perhaps beam intensity is little, and perhaps accelerating gradient is low, perhaps involves great expense, and is billions of easily even tens billion of yuans.
The dielectric wall accelerator is a kind of novel high gradient, the high-current accelerator notion that proposes in recent years, compare with traditional accelerator, the characteristic that many excellences are arranged, be used to glisten that radiograph, proton are taken a picture, subcritical nuclear power station driving and nuclear waste disposal and conversion, heavy particle (proton, C
12 (+5)Ion) the desirable accelerator used of field such as treatment cancer etc.
For sort accelerator being become engineering reality, the scholar of many countries has carried out a large amount of research work, has also proposed some embodiments.Particularly form aspect the device, how to form high gradient, high current quickens, reduce aspect such as accelerator volume and done big quantity research in acceleration pulse.These schemes are concluded three kinds, and they respectively have characteristics, also all have limitation, even have the difficulty that is difficult to overcome.
First kind of scheme is flat linear structure such as Fig. 1.Be the present scheme of studying of U.S.'s livermore national laboratory (referring to Caporaso G J, et.al, LLNL-Conf-412562).Among Fig. 1 a, media cylinders is made the pipeline of accelerated particle beam, and the particle beams is here quickened by the pulse voltage that the outer pulse forming line of pipe produces.The outer parts of pipe constitute dull and stereotyped BlumLein pulse forming line.Insert direct voltage during work, switch 4 closures obtain the accelerating voltage pulse in media cylinders afterwards, are accelerated through the ion here along center line.A plurality of such structures are connected in series, and just constitute a dielectric wall accelerator.
The characteristics of this structure are simple, but exist major defect, are difficult to be applied in the actual accelerator.These defectives are:
(1) outside direct voltage directly is added on the medium beam tube pipeline outer wall, and the ability that dielectric wall bears direct voltage is far below pulse voltage, thereby causes the significantly reduction of acceleration.If V
0Change pulse voltage into, its width must be the hundreds of times of accelerating voltage pulse duration, and accelerating gradient is significantly reduced.
(2) multi-layer planar pulse forming line mutual superposition, when forming pulse, the magnetic field that pulse current forms can cause in adjacent layer interference causes pulse distortion.
(3) practical a large amount of photoconductive switch not only involves great expense, and also makes accelerator operation difficult in maintenance.
Second kind of scheme be open switch structure such as Fig. 2 (referring to Arntz F, at.al, SLAC-PUB-13477, Dec.2008).Critical component in this structure is drift step recovery diode (D among Fig. 2), and it is a kind of open switch, and conducting at ordinary times directly is not added on the medium pipe applied voltage.Externally under the driving of circuit L, it becomes disconnection from conducting, and produces the accelerating voltage pulse that (2～5) ns is wide between A.B, accelerated particle beam.A plurality of such structure serial connections form the dielectric wall accelerator.
This structure has been avoided direct voltage directly is added to shortcoming on the medium pipe.But also introduced other problem simultaneously:
(1) drift step recovery diode withstand voltage lower (≤2kV), make the high gradient accelerator with this device, can cause many structural difficulties.
(2) drift step recovery diode drive circuit more complicated, the cost height.The accelerator manufacturing cost is significantly increased.
(3) similar with first kind of scheme, there is the pulsed magnetic field cross-interference issue between the multilayer dielectricity plate.
The third scheme is the induction overlaying structure.By U.S.'s livermore national laboratory 2009 propose (referring to Caporaso G J, et.al, LLNL-Conf-412562), its basic principle is as shown in Figure 3.It utilizes traditional linear induction accelerating cavity to produce the accelerating voltage pulse, utilizes the induction principle of stacking again, and accelerating voltage is stacked up, and the position of superimposed pulse is controlled with photoconductive switch, and restraints group's motion with accelerated particle, continues particle is quickened.What indicate among the figure is a large amount of photoconductive switchs that closely are arranged in the medium pipeline outer wall.In accelerator when work,, except that a photoconductive switch of W position, rest switch is all by laser radiation and conducting, is in the particle beams group that " W " locate and is accelerated.Along with advancing of particle beams group, the position synchronous of W moves.In order to reach the accelerating gradient of 100MV/m, outside the accelerator beam tube road of stack section, must place 100 photoconductive switchs that size 1cm is square for 1m length.
The shortcoming of this method is:
(1) practical a large amount of laser, and require its output pulse width big, conducting, shutoff can accurately can be made, and not only technical difficulty is big, and cost is also very expensive.
(2) in this structure, the width of accelerated particle beam is subjected to strict restriction.If the width of accelerating voltage pulse is 3ns, be used for accelerated electron, the width of electron beam can only be in psec (10 so
-12Second) magnitude.So narrow pulse is far from being enough in a lot of the application.
(3) the electric power system complex structure of induction accelerating cavity is bulky, difficult in maintenance.
(4) if quicken heavy ion, then require the pulse of induction cavity very wide with this structure, wide to the length of heavy ion by whole accelerating sections.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the acceleration pulse that existing dielectric wall quickens and form the device weak point, provide that a kind of accelerated current is strong, accelerating gradient is high, acceleration pulse simple in structure, dielectric wall accelerator that cost is lower forms device.Use this scheme can build up the high current of stable and reliable operation, high gradient dielectric wall accelerator.Adopt sort accelerator, can quicken various charged particles (electronics, proton, carbon particle, potassium particle etc.), and fields such as the radiograph that is applied to glisten, proton are taken a picture, subcritical nuclear power station and nuclear waste disposal and conversion, heavy particle therapy cancer.
Solution of the present invention is: a kind of dielectric wall accelerator acceleration pulse forms device, comprise media plate, the metal electrode of media plate two sides cloth, the external power supply electrode of cloth in the middle of the media plate, and the photoconductive switch between the grounding electrode of external power supply electrode and metal electrode constitutes accelerating voltage pulse shaping part, be characterized in that acceleration pulse forms device and comprises three functional sections, first functional section is an accelerating voltage pulse shaping part; Second functional section is matching section, matching section is made of the media plate that the two sides is furnished with metal electrode, the high-field electrode of matching section is connected with accelerating voltage pulse shaping part high-field electrode, and the grounding electrode of matching section is connected with accelerating voltage pulse shaping partial earthing electrode; The 3rd functional section is extraordinarily section of pulse voltage, pulse voltage extraordinarily section is made of at least three layers of media plate stack, the two sides of every layer of media plate is evenly equipped with metal electrode, the high-field electrode of every layer of media plate is connected with the high-field electrode of matching section, the grounding electrode of every layer of media plate is connected with the grounding electrode of matching section, in pulse voltage segment electrode line end extraordinarily, above a transmission line grounding electrode and adjacent below the high-field electrode of transmission line link together.
The operation principle of solution of the present invention is: during work, introduce the pulse voltage of direct current voltage or wider width from external power supply, to the media plate line charging, when being charged to predetermined value, the photoconductive switch closure just produces a potential pulse between the metal electrode of acceleration pulse formation device.The potential pulse propagates down stream is mated by the impedance of matching section and the impedance phase of acceleration pulse formation device formation to matching section, has prevented the reflection of pulse.Potential pulse propagates into pulse voltage when section extraordinarily, and the polylith media plate is imported same potential pulse, and this pulse with identical speed terminad transmission, and arrives terminal in the dull and stereotyped line of polylith simultaneously.And line end is mutually series connection, thus just mutual superposition of the pulse of transmitting in each transmission line, thus reach extraordinarily effect of pulse voltage, make acceleration pulse form device and form stronger electric field beam loading is quickened.Owing to do not had the external power supply electrode at matching section, it is terminal that the external power supply electrode ends in accelerating voltage pulse shaping part, so there is not direct voltage to be added on the wall of medium pipeline.
In the solution of the present invention: can make pulse voltage extraordinarily on the section media plate length of the metal electrode of cloth greater than the metal electrode of cloth on the accelerating voltage pulse shaping part media plate.During the work of dielectric wall accelerator, the impedance that acceleration pulse forms the device output is a beam loading, and this load is generally very little, is equivalent to the output open circuit, and at this moment pulse voltage can form total reflection endways.As long as extraordinarily the length of the metal electrode of cloth is greater than the metal electrode of cloth on the accelerating voltage pulse shaping part media plate on the section media plate for pulse voltage, the voltage of reflection will can not superpose, and very fast disappearance.
In the solution of the present invention: pulse voltage extraordinarily Duan Yousan layer media plate stack constitutes.Buffer action is only played in one of the centre of three media plates, in fact has only two metal electrodes to play multiplication, and the pulse voltage amplitude that obtains at output is 2 times of input terminal voltage during in impedance matching.
In the solution of the present invention: pulse voltage extraordinarily in the section the formed pulse characteristics impedance of the dull and stereotyped stack of multilayer dielectricity greater than the photoconductive switch conduction impedance.In theory, potential pulse extraordinarily the section media plate can be a plurality of.If there be N dull and stereotyped line to participate in multiplication of voltage, then extraordinarily the potential pulse width of cloth can be more than N a times of input voltage.In fact, because the requirement of impedance matching, under the constant situation of dielectric-slab material, N is big more, the formation line characteristic impedance that means the pulse shaping part is just low more, and too low impedance is difficult to produce colory accelerating voltage pulse, also is difficult to find the very photoconductive switch of the following energy of Low ESR operate as normal.If the pulse shaping line impedence is when being lower than the photoconductive switch conduction impedance, just can't operate as normal.
In the solution of the present invention: accelerating voltage pulse shaping part and matching section adopt same media plate, and it is terminal that its external power supply electrode ends in accelerating voltage pulse shaping part.
In the solution of the present invention: the metal electrode of cloth is crooked on the media plate.Its purpose shortens the length of media plate, makes dielectric wall accelerator volume-diminished.The metal electrode of cloth is that bend mode can adopt on the media plate: the accelerating voltage pulse shaping partly is a straight line, smoothly turn to 180 degree backs to form the matching section straight line at accelerating voltage pulse shaping part tail end, smoothly turn to 180 degree backs to form extraordinarily section straight line of pulse voltage again at the matching section tail end.
Advantage of the present invention: acceleration pulse forms device and comprises extraordinarily three functional sections of section of accelerating voltage pulse shaping part, matching section and potential pulse, external power supply is introduced the pulse voltage of direct current voltage or wider width, to the media plate line charging, when being charged to predetermined value, the photoconductive switch closure just produces a potential pulse between the metal electrode of acceleration pulse formation device.The potential pulse propagates down stream is mated by the impedance of matching section and the impedance phase of acceleration pulse formation device formation to matching section, has prevented the reflection of pulse.Potential pulse propagates into pulse voltage when section extraordinarily, and the polylith media plate is imported same potential pulse, and this pulse with identical speed terminad transmission, and arrives terminal in the dull and stereotyped line of polylith simultaneously.And line end is mutually series connection, thus just mutual superposition of the pulse of transmitting in each transmission line, thus reach pulse voltage doubly, make acceleration pulse form device and form stronger electric field beam loading is quickened.Advantage of the present invention is: the one, and there is not direct voltage to be added on the wall of medium pipeline; The 2nd, with a photoconductive switch, 2～4 times of available accelerating voltage pulse have been saved 1/2 to 3/4 expensive photoconductive switch; The 3rd, simple in structure, volume is little, and cost is low, and is easy to maintenance; The 4th, saved a large amount of lasers; The 5th, the accelerating voltage pulse duration can design arbitrarily; The 6th, accelerated current is strong, accelerating gradient is high.Use this scheme can build up the high current of stable and reliable operation, high gradient dielectric wall accelerator.Adopt sort accelerator, can quicken various charged particles (electronics, proton, carbon particle, potassium particle etc.), and fields such as the radiograph that is applied to glisten, proton are taken a picture, subcritical nuclear power station and nuclear waste disposal and conversion, heavy particle therapy cancer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is first kind of scenario-frame schematic diagram of background technology;
Fig. 2 is second kind of scenario-frame schematic diagram of background technology;
Fig. 3 is the third scenario-frame schematic diagram of background technology;
Fig. 4 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is curved shape figure for metal electrode of the present invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the invention is as shown in Figure 4: the acceleration pulse of dielectric wall accelerator forms device and comprises three functional sections, first functional section is an accelerating voltage pulse shaping part, by media plate 1, the metal electrode 2 of media plate 1 two sides cloth, the external power supply electrode 3 of cloth in the middle of the media plate 1, the photoconductive switch 4 between the grounding electrode of external power supply electrode 3 and metal electrode 2 constitutes; Second functional section is matching section, accelerating voltage pulse shaping part and matching section adopt same media plate 1, it is terminal that its external power supply electrode 3 ends in accelerating voltage pulse shaping part, the high-field electrode of corresponding matching section is connected with accelerating voltage pulse shaping part high-field electrode, and the grounding electrode of matching section is connected with accelerating voltage pulse shaping partial earthing electrode; The 3rd functional section is extraordinarily section of pulse voltage, pulse voltage extraordinarily Duan Yousan piece media plate 1 stack constitutes, the two sides of every layer of media plate 1 is evenly equipped with metal film electrode 2, the high-field electrode of every layer of media plate 1 is connected with the high-field electrode of matching section, the grounding electrode of every layer of media plate is connected with the grounding electrode of matching section, in pulse voltage segment electrode line end extraordinarily, above the grounding electrode of a transmission line and the high-field electrode of following transmission line link together.Wherein: pulse voltage extraordinarily on the section media plate 1 length of the metal electrode 2 of cloth greater than the metal electrode 2 of cloth on the accelerating voltage pulse shaping part media plate 1.Media plate 1 adopts polyimides sheet material.The metal electrode 2 of cloth is crooked on the media plate 1, its curve form as shown in Figure 5, the accelerating voltage pulse shaping partly is a straight line, smoothly turn to 180 degree backs to form the matching section straight line at accelerating voltage pulse shaping part tail end, smoothly turn to 180 degree backs to form extraordinarily section straight line of pulse voltage again at the matching section tail end.
Claims (7)
1. a dielectric wall accelerator acceleration pulse forms device, comprise media plate (1), the metal electrode (2) of media plate (1) two sides cloth, the external power supply electrode (3) of cloth in the middle of the media plate (1), and the photoconductive switch (4) between the grounding electrode of external power supply electrode (3) and metal electrode (2) constitutes accelerating voltage pulse shaping part, it is characterized in that acceleration pulse forms device and comprises three functional sections, first functional section is an accelerating voltage pulse shaping part; Second functional section is matching section, matching section is made of the media plate (1) that the two sides is furnished with metal electrode (2), the high-field electrode of matching section is connected with accelerating voltage pulse shaping part high-field electrode, and the grounding electrode of matching section is connected with accelerating voltage pulse shaping partial earthing electrode; The 3rd functional section is extraordinarily section of pulse voltage, pulse voltage extraordinarily section is made of at least three layers of media plate (1) stack, the two sides of every layer of media plate (1) is evenly equipped with metal electrode (2), the high-field electrode of every layer of media plate (1) is connected with the high-field electrode of matching section, the grounding electrode of every layer of media plate (1) is connected with the grounding electrode of matching section, in pulse voltage segment electrode (2) line end extraordinarily, above a transmission line grounding electrode and adjacent below the high-field electrode of transmission line link together.
2. dielectric wall accelerator acceleration pulse according to claim 1 forms device, it is characterized in that pulse voltage extraordinarily section media plate (1) length that goes up the metal electrode (2) of cloth go up the metal electrode (2) of cloth greater than accelerating voltage pulse shaping part media plate (1).
3. dielectric wall accelerator acceleration pulse according to claim 1 forms device, it is characterized in that extraordinarily Duan Yousan layer media plate (1) stack formation of pulse voltage.
4. dielectric wall accelerator acceleration pulse according to claim 1 forms device, it is characterized in that pulse voltage extraordinarily in the section the formed pulse characteristics impedance of multilayer dielectricity flat board (1) stack greater than photoconductive switch (4) conduction impedance.
5. dielectric wall accelerator acceleration pulse according to claim 1 forms device, it is characterized in that accelerating voltage pulse shaping part and matching section adopt same media plate (1), it is terminal that its external power supply electrode (3) ends in accelerating voltage pulse shaping part.
6. dielectric wall accelerator acceleration pulse according to claim 1 forms device, it is characterized in that it is crooked that media plate (1) is gone up the metal electrode (2) of cloth.
7. dielectric wall accelerator acceleration pulse according to claim 6 forms device, metal electrode (2) curve form that it is characterized in that the last cloth of media plate (1) is: the accelerating voltage pulse shaping partly is a straight line, smoothly turn to 180 degree backs to form the matching section straight line at accelerating voltage pulse shaping part tail end, smoothly turn to 180 degree backs to form extraordinarily section straight line of pulse voltage again at the matching section tail end.
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| CN 201010133705 CN102202456B (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Accelerating pulse forming device of dielectric wall accelerator |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112188719A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Particle accelerator based on laser driving medium sheet accumulation |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6278239B1 (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 2001-08-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Vacuum-surface flashover switch with cantilever conductors |
| WO2008154569A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Beam transport system and method for linear accelerators |
| CN101406110A (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2009-04-08 | 劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家安全有限公司 | Sequentially pulsed traveling wave accelerator |
-
2010
- 2010-03-26 CN CN 201010133705 patent/CN102202456B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6278239B1 (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 2001-08-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Vacuum-surface flashover switch with cantilever conductors |
| CN101406110A (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2009-04-08 | 劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家安全有限公司 | Sequentially pulsed traveling wave accelerator |
| WO2008154569A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Beam transport system and method for linear accelerators |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 《HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING》 20030228 夏连胜等 固态Blumlein线的初步研究 第29卷, 第2期 * |
| 《Particle Accelerator Conference》 20090531 G.J.Caporaso et.al. STATUS OF THE DIELECTRIC WALL ACCELERATOR , * |
| 《Proceeding of 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference》 20051231 S.Sampayan et.al. DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPACT RADIOGRAPHY ACCELERATOR USING DIELECTRIC WALL ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY , * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112188719A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Particle accelerator based on laser driving medium sheet accumulation |
| CN112188719B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-12-17 | 南京航空航天大学 | Particle accelerator based on laser driving medium sheet accumulation |
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Effective date of registration: 20160104 Address after: 621000. Liaoning Avenue, Mianyang hi tech Zone, Sichuan Patentee after: MIANYANG HONGYANG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Address before: Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, 621000 Mountain Road No. 64 Patentee before: Sichuan Science City Jiuyuan Magnetic Materials Co., Ltd. |