CN102199918B - Processing system for preparing filter material on water and filter material preparation method - Google Patents
Processing system for preparing filter material on water and filter material preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102199918B CN102199918B CN 201110078133 CN201110078133A CN102199918B CN 102199918 B CN102199918 B CN 102199918B CN 201110078133 CN201110078133 CN 201110078133 CN 201110078133 A CN201110078133 A CN 201110078133A CN 102199918 B CN102199918 B CN 102199918B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing system for preparing a filter material on water and a filter material preparation method. The method comprises the following steps: directly producing and processing the filter material and realizing one-time machine shaping on a sand collection ship; and directly loading the finished product filter material onto a sand barge to be transported to a finished product storage yard of a pileup dock, thus leaving out the procedures of wool transportation, ashore pileup, transportation, grading, burdening, mixing and discarded material transitional transportation. Compared with the prior art, a construction method for preparing the filter material on water is advanced in process, simple in operation, stable in quality, good in environmental protection, high in automation degree and small in energy consumption index in the filter material production, saves the engineering investment, shortens over 30 days of system construction time, lowers the production cost by 40%, realizes resource development and utilization, and does not damage the natural environment; and the discarded materials are not generated and the land used in system construction is not occupied in the production process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to adopt a kind of job practices for preparing on the water filter material; The invention still further relates to the system of processing of preparation filter material.
Background technology
The impervious wall of soil property core wall rockfill dam and rockfill, because material property is completely different, permeance property differs greatly.In order to keep the impervious wall seepage stability, to reduce seepage deformation, thereby loaded filter is set.The effect of loaded filter is very important, and filter material is exactly the filler of constructing loaded filter, and requirement is large, and preparation technology is more complicated, and quality requirement is high.
The conventional method that adopts the natural sandy gravel of obtaining from underwater installation to prepare filter material on engineering is: excavated woollen and loaded and transported to the sand barge by chain bucket dredge, rely on the sand barging to harbour, stored up by sealing-tape machine (or automobile digs dress) transportation disembarkation, then be transported to the filter material preparation system by sealing-tape machine (or automobile digs dress) and carry out the processing filter material.The production method that adopts this kind method to prepare filter material has two kinds: a kind of method is to adopt artificial grating preparation processing, and another kind of method is to adopt natural screening method processing.Adopt these two kinds of methods to prepare the filter material method and produce two kinds of disadvantageous results: if adopt artificial grading method to prepare the filter material complex process, need to drop into larger equipment purchasing expense, consume larger resource; If adopt natural gravel material screen to select method will cause a large amount of rejected materials, cause the cost of production of filter material higher.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that will solve of the present invention be to provide a kind of economic and practical good, be of value to resources conservation and ecological environmental protection and adapt to the job practices of obtaining from underwater installation preparation earth and rockfill dam waterborne filter material; Another object of the present invention is to provide the production system for the preparation of filter material.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of preparation filter material waterborne system comprises and adopts the sand ship that adopt the sand ship and be provided with vibrosieve, vibrosieve is provided with first floor screen cloth, second layer screen cloth and the 3rd layer of screen cloth from top to bottom successively; The first floor screen cloth matches with the first floor chute, and second layer screen cloth matches with second layer chute, and the 3rd layer of screen cloth matches with the 3rd layer of chute; Be provided with oversize stone sealing-tape machine and filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine below first floor chute, second layer chute and the 3rd layer of chute; The compass screen surface of the 3rd layer of screen cloth has the funnel that connects material), the funnel that connects material matches with filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine and Xian's sand machine, and the discharging opening of Xian's sand machine is provided with deflector chute, and deflector chute matches with Xian's sand machine and filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine.
Also be provided with sedimentation basin on the sand ship adopting.
The 3rd layer of chute is provided with two passes, matches with oversize stone sealing-tape machine and filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine respectively.
Second layer chute is provided with two passes, matches with oversize stone sealing-tape machine and filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine respectively.
A kind of method for preparing filter material waterborne comprises the following steps:
(1) in mining area, find and satisfy the natural sandy gravel material source with continuous grading that the filter material designing quality requires, determine limit of mining and perform sign on the water surface;
(2) according to the gradation composition of the upper and lower envelope curve calculating processing filter material of the filter material that will produce, and the average content of each intergrade of cubage filter material by weight percentage, determine to produce varigrained maximum and the Min. of qualified filter material finished product;
(3) utilization is adopted the sand ship and is exploited under water woollen, and woollen is rejected the oversize stone of filter material through enter the first floor screen cloth of vibrosieve at the woollen deflector chute by the first floor screen cloth; Adjust respectively the intergrade of filter material by second layer screen cloth and the 3rd layer of screen cloth;
(4) 20～5mm on 40～20mm on second layer screen cloth compass screen surface, the 3rd layer of screen cloth compass screen surface, the 3rd layer of screen cloth compass screen surface following＜three kinds of gratings of 5mm consist of filter materials, filter material mixes on sealing-tape machine filter material sealing-tape machine, and by the filter material sealing-tape machine sand barge of packing into.
Quality index requirement for the granule content that satisfies filter material≤0.075mm＜5%, with the 3rd layer below screen cloth≤fines of 5mm, import Xian's sand machine and carry out the Xian Xuan classification, in process of production, the size of the output by regulating Xian's sand machine can be rejected≤particle of 0.075mm and controlling and the gradation composition of adjustment≤5mm fines.
On oversize stone on first floor screen cloth compass screen surface and second layer screen cloth compass screen surface, unnecessary 40～20mm and the gravel of 20～5mm mix on oversize stone sealing-tape machine, and by the oversize stone sealing-tape machine sand barge of packing into.
In the filter material process, if in woollen≤granule content of 0.075mm＜5%, the three layer of screen cloth compass screen surface be following＜fines of 5mm do not enter Xian's sand machine Xian Xuan, and system does not consume industrial water, need not to take the water treatment measure, can produce filter material.
In the filter material manufacturing process, with the tail water importing sedimentation basin of Xian's sand machine, and the ratio in 3mg/l is thrown in aluminium polychloride in sedimentation basin.
The natural filter material production method of obtaining from underwater installation provided by the invention preparation waterborne adopts and is adopting direct production and processing filter material on the sand ship, and realizes the time processing moulding.The finished product filter material is loaded onto the sand barge be transported to and store up harbour, and utilize on the self-discharging sand barge sealing-tape machine of self configuration to carry out discharging and store up.Oversize stone and the unnecessary gravel compound of preparation filter material are felled and transported upper dam as the water discharging body materials of earth and rockfill dam, and the oversize stone of unnecessary part is used for administering the collapse on the bank engineering, fills materials as the spats of riverbank dykes and dams.
Adopt the natural filter material production method of obtaining from underwater installation preparation waterborne to compare with conventional method, saved that woollen transportation, disembarkation in the filter material preparation process stored up, transhipment, classification, prepared burden, mix and stir and the process links such as transition transportation of rejected material, reduced a large amount of resources and dropped into and energy consumption, the filter material production operation is easy, steady quality.Take full advantage of local sandy gravel resource and the environmental protective measure on the ground of taking in process of production to suit measures to local conditions, realized when exploitation, utilizing resource, and do not damaged natural environment.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are use-case schematic diagrames of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is filter material envelope curve and sampling grading analysis experiment graduation curve figure.
The specific embodiment
Structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, a kind of preparation filter material waterborne system comprises and adopts sand ship 1 that adopt sand ship 1 and be provided with vibrosieve 2, vibrosieve 2 is provided with first floor screen cloth 6, second layer screen cloth 8 and the 3rd layer of screen cloth 10 from top to bottom successively; First floor screen cloth 6 matches with first floor chute 7, and second layer screen cloth 8 matches with second layer chute 9, and the 3rd layer of screen cloth 10 matches with the 3rd layer of chute 11; First floor chute 7, second layer chute 9 and the 3rd layer of chute 11 below are provided with oversize stone sealing-tape machine 3 and filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine 4; The compass screen surface of the 3rd layer of screen cloth 10 has the funnel 12 that connects material, and the funnel 12 that connects material matches with filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine 4 and Xian's sand machine 13.Also be provided with sedimentation basin 15 on sand ship 1 adopting.
The above-mentioned sand ship 1 of adopting is chain bucket dredge, and vibrosieve 2 is three layers of circular shale shaker, and Xian's sand machine 13 is spiral Xian's sand machine.Oversize material sealing-tape machine 3 is the shuttle-type sealing-tape machine with filter material sealing-tape machine 4, is arranged on the two sides of adopting sand ship 1, the charging of can stretching.When filling with substance sand barge 15 rests in respectively the both sides of adopting sand ship 1 with sand barge 16.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
1, preparation of construction
(1), in the material source planning mining area according to the filter material preparation processing of planning department approval, adopt the method for probing, find to have continuous grading and satisfy the natural sandy gravel material source that the filter material designing quality requires, formulate the planning of filter material material source.
(2), in planning good exploiting field, survey crew is according near the triangular net the stock ground and level site data, required control point and the bench mark of intensive measurement exploitation construction, and stick is exploited in testing in planning good exploiting field control coordinate or sideline, necessary sign or buoy are set, are convenient to adopt the sand ship positionning.
(3), according to technical requirements and the construction speed requirement of the filter material of required preparation, formulate the constructure scheme of filter material processing, select to adopt the sand ship and sand transportation is refuted and the model of filter material process equipment and quantity and carry out the manpower resource allocation program.
2, adopt the sand ship positionning
(1), chain bucket dredge takes upstream to locate against the current, original position is in the downstream of the good exploiting field stick of planning.After adopting the sand ship and entering the scene, the inland waters anchor (main push-towing rope anchor) of at first jettisoninging in the upstream, then cast left and right angle of chord cable anchor, twist anchor chain under the monitoring of measuring apparatus is accurately positioned in the exploitation stick of predetermined planning adopting the sand ship.
(2), load for convenience that sand is refuted, support vessel refutes and stops and passing ship is refuted the safety of navigation, adopt sand ship five anchors and be equipped with the pressure cable device, the anchor hawser rope can be depressed into the riverbed from the ship string with anchor cable, and establish buoy or sign in the anchorage, be shifted conveniently to weigh anchor and warn other construction machineries.
(3), for reducing the input of auxiliary ship station, adopt the sand secure and adopt and refute anchor capstan from the sand that navigates and cast anchor, weigh anchor and adopt self anchor capstan to weigh anchor.Land bank anchor adopts artificial and land-based installation assists to throw, weigh anchor.
3, obtaining from underwater installation
(1), working thickness and and bar wide
Be the useful bed of material of uniform sequential exploitation, chain bucket dredge mainly adopts the exploitation method of layering, minute stick, and (depending on the depth of water, thickness of feed layer, flow rate of water flow, navigation channel situation) selects best lift height and itemize width in different exploiting fields and stick.150m
3/ h chain bucket is adopted sand ship lift height 1.5～2m and is fan-shaped swing excavation, itemize width 40m.
(2), exploitation method
Chain bucket dredge is fore upstream in every stick, the upstream full section exploitation from the downstream.For improving the Channel Condition in exploiting field, to ensure the overlapping exploitation of 1～2m between adjacent two sticks, Lou dig and the slivering bank avoiding.Before adopting the displacement of sand ship, layering is from shallow to deep exploited in order, forms door in order to avoid leak to adopt.
4, filter material system of processing commissioning test waterborne
(1), debug three-deck vibrating screen, to obtain the size of best amplitude and definite every layer of compass screen surface mesh size of vibrosieve.
(2), debug distribution chute sensitivity, with the size of the drop in leaf door aperture on corresponding each distribution chute under the operating mode of obtaining and record the different sub-material flows of each distribution chute.
(3), debugging Xian sand machine, under the operating mode according to the different outputs of Xian's sand machine, test and record that in the fines of Xian's sand machine discharging＜5mm, corresponding particle composition changes, to obtain the best output of Xian's sand machine.
5, filter material preparation process
The gradation composition (being shown in Table 1) of the upper and lower envelope curve calculating processing of the grating filter material of the natural gravel filter material that a, basis will be produced, and the average content of each intergrade of cubage filter material by weight percentage, determine to produce varigrained maximum and the Min. of qualified filter material finished product, as shown in Figure 5, each particle diameter average percent amount result of calculation of a kind of filter material: 40～20mm accounts for 30%, 20～5mm accounts for 30%, the granule content of＜5mm accounts for 40%, (the wherein granule content of requirement≤0.075mm＜5%).
B, according to the average weight degree of each intergrade of processing filter material, design and formulate the producing process flow process waterborne of filter material, the woollen of the dredging of exploitation woollen waterborne, import through deflector chute 5 on the compass screen surface of first floor net 6 of vibrosieves 2 and carry out first order screening, with in natural woollen grating 〉=the oversize stone of 40mm rejects, reject 〉=the oversize stone of 40mm enters first floor chute 7, imports oversize material sealing-tape machines 3 by first floor chute 7.
C, reject first floor net after oversize stone 6 below≤the mixing sandy gravel of 40mm, directly enter and carry out the second level on the compass screen surface of second layer screen cloth 8 of vibrosieve 2 and sieve, the graded gravel of 40～20mm on the compass screen surface of second layer screen cloth 8 enters second layer chute 9.Sandy gravel on second layer chute 9 can enter two paths: both can enter oversize material sealing-tape machine 3, and can enter filter material sealing-tape machine 4 again.
Below d, the second screen cloth 8 compass screen surfaces≤the 20mm compound, directly enter and carry out third level screening on the compass screen surface of the 3rd layer of screen cloth 10, the gravel of 20～5mm grating that compass screen surface is above enters the 3rd layer of chute 11, the 3rd layer of chute 11 can be divided into two-way: both can enter oversize stone sealing-tape machine 3, can enter filter material sealing-tape machine 4 again.
The compass screen surface of the 3rd screen cloth 10 of e, vibrosieve 2 is following≤and the fines of 5mm both can enter filter material sealing-tape machine 4 by the funnel 12 that connects material, can enter again Xian's sand machine 13.Satisfy the filter material quality requirement≤fines of 5mm, directly enter filter material sealing-tape machine 4 by funnel 12.Can not satisfy the filter material quality requirement≤fines of 5mm, import Xian's sand machines 13 by funnel 12 and process.In fines≤grain composition of 5mm and≤granule content of 0.075mm, can enter by adjusting large and small realization of output of Xian's sand machine 13.Can satisfy the sand material that filter material requires after 13 deslimings of Xian's sand machine, processed, then enter filter material sealing-tape machine 4 by deflector chute 14.
F, filter material by 40～20mm, 20～5mm,＜three kinds of gradation compositions of 5mm, and mix on sealing-tape machine 4, and by the sealing-tape machine 4 sand barge 16 of packing into.On vibrating screen surface 〉=gravel of the oversize stone of 40mm and unnecessary 40～20mm, 20～5mm mixes on oversize material sealing-tape machine 3, and by the oversize material sealing-tape machine 3 sand barge 17 of packing into.
Do not contain organic composition in the tail water that g, natural filter material production Xian sand machine 13 are discharged, its Main Ingredients and Appearance is the outstanding absurd creature of shale.For guaranteeing that the water quality of being exploited the river course is not subjected to shale to hang the pollution of absurd creature, in the filter material manufacturing process, the tail water of Xian's sand machine 14 is imported sedimentation basin 15, and the ratio in 3mg/l is thrown in aluminium polychloride in sedimentation basin, the effect of aluminium polychloride is that the outstanding absurd creature of absorption accelerates precipitation.
The required power supply of the equipment of above-mentioned filter material preparation system is by the diesel generating set supply of adopting the sand ship and providing for oneself.This control system software comprises master stage (host computer) application software and control module (PLC) application software, and filter material system of processing and the control system of adopting the sand ship are carried out automatic centralized Control.Keep simultaneously a cover fully independently terrain manual mode operation system, to satisfy the independent operation of filter material system of processing.Be automatic control system in case when out of service for some reason, should be able to be real-time, safe switch to the manual control system method of operation.The control program of filter material preparation system is carried out contrary Flow of Goods and Materials direction and is opened car and automatically control along the mode that the material direction is stopped.
The above-mentioned filter material sand that the filter material finished product is housed is refuted 16 and is sailed for to the windrow harbour and store up.The self-tipping type of the boat certainly oversize stone sand that mixture oversize stone is housed refutes 17, can sail for to the windrow harbour and store up, as the drainage prism materials.When dam body or make the drainage prism materials and also have when more than needed, can be used as the jackstone spats material of administering collapse on the bank.
6, filter material and oversize stone load and water transportation
150m
3Self-propulsion type sand is refuted and is rested in respectively left string or the right string of adopting two discharging adhesive tape machines of sand ship, filter material and oversize stone are carried by two shuttle-type discharging adhesive tape machines adopting the sand ship respectively, load and unload respectively in the feed bin that two sand are refuted, when sand is refuted the feed bin stockpile when exceeding 1m left and right, deck, adopt the sand ship strand machine of refuting and sand is refuted affect reach until sand is refuted feed bin all fills, self-propulsion type sand is refuted to untie the mooring rope and is transported to the disembarkation of windrow harbour and stores up.
Claims (9)
1. the system of processing of a preparation filter material waterborne, comprise and adopt sand ship (1), it is characterized in that: adopt sand ship (1) and be provided with vibrosieve (2), vibrosieve (2) is provided with first floor screen cloth (6), second layer screen cloth (8) and the 3rd layer of screen cloth (10) from top to bottom successively; First floor screen cloth (6) matches with first floor chute (7), and second layer screen cloth (8) matches with second layer chute (9), and the 3rd layer of screen cloth (10) matches with the 3rd layer of chute (11); Be provided with oversize stone sealing-tape machine (3) and filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine (4) below first floor chute (7), second layer chute (9) and the 3rd layer of chute (11); The compass screen surface of the 3rd layer of screen cloth (10) has the funnel that connects material (12), the funnel (12) that connects material matches with filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine (4) and Xian's sand machine (13), the discharging opening of Xian's sand machine (13) is provided with deflector chute (14), and deflector chute (14) matches with Xian's sand machine (13) and filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine (4).
2. the system of processing of preparation filter material waterborne according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also be provided with sedimentation basin (15) on sand ship (1) adopting.
3. the system of processing of preparation filter material waterborne according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the 3rd layer of chute (11) is provided with two passes, matches with oversize stone sealing-tape machine (3) and filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine (4) respectively.
4. the system of processing of preparation filter material waterborne according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: second layer chute (9) is provided with two passes, matches with oversize stone sealing-tape machine (3) and filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine (4) respectively.
5. utilize the method for the system of processing production filter material of preparation filter material waterborne claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) in mining area, find and satisfy the natural sandy gravel material source with continuous grading that the filter material designing quality requires, determine limit of mining and perform sign on the water surface;
(2) according to the gradation composition of the upper and lower envelope curve calculating processing filter material of the filter material that will produce, and the average content of each intergrade of cubage filter material by weight percentage, determine to produce varigrained maximum and the Min. of qualified filter material finished product;
(3) utilization is adopted the sand ship and is exploited under water woollen, and woollen enters the first floor screen cloth (6) of vibrosieve (2) through woollen deflector chute (5), rejects the oversize stone of filter material by first floor screen cloth (6); Adjust respectively the intergrade of filter material by second layer screen cloth (8) and the 3rd screen cloth (10);
(4) 40～20mm on second layer screen cloth (8) compass screen surface, 20～5mm on the 3rd layer of screen cloth (10) compass screen surface, the 3rd layer of screen cloth (10) compass screen surface following＜three kinds of gratings of 5mm consist of filter materials, filter material mixes filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine (4) is upper, and by filter material finished products of adhesive tapes machine (4) the sand barge of packing into.
6. the method for production filter material according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: be the quality index requirement of the granule content that satisfies filter material≤0.075mm＜5%, with the 3rd layer of screen cloth (10) following≤fines of 5mm, import Xian's sand machine and carry out the Xian Xuan classification, in process of production, the size of the output by regulating Xian's sand machine (13) can be rejected≤particle of 0.075mm and controlling and the gradation composition of adjustment≤5mm fines.
7. the method for production filter material according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: on the oversize stone on first floor screen cloth (6) compass screen surface and second layer screen cloth (8) compass screen surface, the gravel of unnecessary 40～20mm and 20～5mm mixes oversize stone sealing-tape machine (3) is upper, and by oversize stone sealing-tape machine (3) the sand barge of packing into.
8. the method for production filter material according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: in the filter material process, if in woollen≤granule content of 0.075mm＜5%, the 3rd layer of screen cloth (10) compass screen surface is following＜and the fines of 5mm do not enter Xian's sand machine Xian Xuan, system does not consume industrial water, can produce filter material.
9. the method for production filter material according to claim 6 is characterized in that: in the filter material manufacturing process, the tail water of Xian's sand machine (13) is imported sedimentation basin, and in sedimentation basin by the ratio input aluminium polychloride of 3mg/l.
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| CN103301670B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-11-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of discarded slurry moves transport processing method |
| CN108246472B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2024-02-23 | 新疆兵团水利水电工程集团有限公司 | Device and method for preparing core wall or inclined wall filter material |
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| CN2635213Y (en) * | 2003-04-12 | 2004-08-25 | 李明鑫 | Under water magnetic separator |
| CN2789319Y (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2006-06-21 | 姚栓成 | Dredger sand unloader |
| CN2870985Y (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-02-21 | 俞锦标 | Movable sand and stone maker |
| CN201257400Y (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2009-06-17 | 李明鑫 | Submarine magnetic separation device at front end of dredger |
| CN202000314U (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-10-05 | 葛洲坝集团第五工程有限公司 | Processing system for preparing filter material on water |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2635213Y (en) * | 2003-04-12 | 2004-08-25 | 李明鑫 | Under water magnetic separator |
| CN2789319Y (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2006-06-21 | 姚栓成 | Dredger sand unloader |
| CN2870985Y (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-02-21 | 俞锦标 | Movable sand and stone maker |
| CN201257400Y (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2009-06-17 | 李明鑫 | Submarine magnetic separation device at front end of dredger |
| CN202000314U (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-10-05 | 葛洲坝集团第五工程有限公司 | Processing system for preparing filter material on water |
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