CN102191087A - Entrained flow gasifier used for co-gasification of various forms of raw materials - Google Patents
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- CN102191087A CN102191087A CN2011100945375A CN201110094537A CN102191087A CN 102191087 A CN102191087 A CN 102191087A CN 2011100945375 A CN2011100945375 A CN 2011100945375A CN 201110094537 A CN201110094537 A CN 201110094537A CN 102191087 A CN102191087 A CN 102191087A
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010795 gaseous waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011335 coal coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011020 pilot scale process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种用于多种形态原料共气化的气流床气化炉。气化炉由气化室和冷却洗涤室两部分在耐压壳体中叠加而成。通过调整喷嘴配置方案，可实现单一原料气化或气液固原料共气化，并能满足不同规模气化系统的要求。对于中小系统，相当于50～1000吨煤/天，采用顶置喷嘴方案。对于单系列大型系统，相当于1000～6000吨煤/天，采用多喷嘴方案，气化炉通过撞击流（对置多喷嘴）和交叉射流（顶置喷嘴），实现原料之间、原料与气化剂（氧、蒸汽）之间的高效混合。该气化炉具有极强的灵活性，负荷调节范围大，原料切换方便，原料利用率高，可达98%以上，比氧耗、比原料消耗低。
The invention proposes an entrained-bed gasification furnace for the co-gasification of various forms of raw materials. The gasification furnace is composed of two parts, the gasification chamber and the cooling washing chamber, which are superimposed in the pressure-resistant shell. By adjusting the nozzle configuration scheme, single raw material gasification or gas-liquid-solid raw material co-gasification can be realized, and the requirements of gasification systems of different scales can be met. For small and medium systems, equivalent to 50-1000 tons of coal/day, the overhead nozzle scheme is adopted. For single-series large-scale systems, equivalent to 1,000-6,000 tons of coal/day, the multi-nozzle scheme is adopted, and the gasifier realizes the flow between raw materials, raw materials and gas through impinging flow (opposed multi-nozzles) and cross jets (overhead nozzles). Efficient mixing between oxidizing agents (oxygen, steam). The gasifier has strong flexibility, large load adjustment range, convenient raw material switching, high raw material utilization rate of over 98%, and low specific oxygen consumption and specific raw material consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of airflow bed gasification furnace that is applicable to that the variform raw material gasifies altogether.
Background technology
Along with social progress, fossil energy is shortage day by day.At present one of the hot research direction in energy research field is by gasification technology, with fossil energy, and for example coal, oil (residual oil, pitch, refinery coke etc.), Sweet natural gas (containing oil field gas, coal-seam gas); Biomass energy, for example stalk, timber etc.; The waste energy, for example domestic refuse, mud, ight soil, tire etc.; Industrial gaseous waste, for example coke(oven)gas, refinery gas, blast furnace gas etc. are processed as synthetic gas, the high-efficiency cleaning of realizing gasified raw material transforms, be chemical fertilizer (ammonia, urea), methyl alcohol, dme, automotive fuel again with the synthetic gas deep processing, or continuation is society's urgent need commodity such as alkene (MTO, MTP) with the methyl alcohol deep processing.
Entrained flow bed gasification technology is the most representative gasification technology now.The key element that forms the airflow bed gasification furnace characteristic is as follows: the configuration and the structure of nozzle (technology nozzle, baker intensification nozzle); Side towards the fire refractory liner or be water wall or for refractory brick; The structure of vaporizer and size; The cooling and purifying mode of crude synthesis gas (Quench or recovery of heat); The structure of cooling and purifying chamber and size.
Representational in the world at present airflow bed gasification furnace has: multi-nozzle opposed type vapourizing furnace, and the opposed formation collision jet of multi-nozzle, side towards the fire is a refractory brick, the high temperature crude synthesis gas adopts the Quench scheme; Texaco(Texaco) stove is the single nozzle setting, is configured in furnace roof, and side towards the fire is a refractory brick, and the high temperature crude synthesis gas adopts the Quench scheme; The Shell(shell) stove is four nozzles or six nozzle arrangement, forms eddy flow in the burner hearth, and side towards the fire is a water wall, adopts and returns coal gas Quench and indirect heat exchange mode cooling down high-temperature synthetic gas.
And the present airflow bed gasification furnace of commercial applications all only is applicable to the gasification of single fixedly raw material.Owner and technology decision-making person always do one's utmost to seek to support the cheap gasified raw material of utilization, gasified raw material (gaseous state, liquid state or solid-state) if any multiple different shape, or for the purpose of protection environment, people just expect that a kind of technology can change another kind of gasified raw material into by a kind of gasified raw material neatly under the constant condition of vapourizing furnace; Or realize that plurality of raw materials gasifies altogether, be suitable for regulating the hydrogen-carbon ratio in the synthetic gas especially.
Summary of the invention
Through the effort in surplus 20 years, the contriver carried out big quantity research (laboratory stage, pilot scale, demonstration unit), and conclusion is to solve the problems referred to above by the improvement that changes two approach of nozzle arrangements and gasifying furnace nozzle configuration.Concrete scheme is as follows:
A kind ofly be used for the airflow bed gasification furnace that the variform raw material gasifies altogether, in an isodiametric pressure shell, top is vaporizer 1, and the bottom is cooling washing chamber 2; When adopting single nozzle arrangement, nozzle 3 places nozzle box 10, and nozzle box 10 is positioned on the medullary ray of vaporizer 1 and is fixed in housing 4; When adopting the multi-nozzle configuration, even numbers of nozzles 6 places nozzle box's 11 while nozzle 3 to place nozzle box 10, the number of nozzle 6 is 2～8, nozzle box 11 is distributed in the periphery of housing 4, nozzle 6 is on same horizontal plane, the axis of its axis and vaporizer 1 is perpendicular, and nozzle box 11 is fixed in housing 4; A pair of nozzle on the nozzle 6 place planar radials is at a distance of 180 °, and vapourizing furnace forms percussion flow (opposed multi-nozzle) and cross jet (overhead single nozzle) in vapourizing furnace.
The material of the side towards the fire lining 5 of described vaporizer 1 is refractory brick or water wall.
Described cooling washing chamber 2 is made up of the uniform ring 7 of cooling washing water, crude synthesis gas conduit 9 and foam-breaking strip 8.
The structure of described nozzle 3 and nozzle 6 is that hyperchannel is telescopic, is that the tapered pre-membrane type of exit end mixes outward, the airflow atomizing nozzle, and cone angle a is 0～120 °.
The operating pressure of described vapourizing furnace is 0.1～12MPa, and gasification temperature is 1300～1700 ℃.
Described gasified raw material is fossil energy, biomass energy, the waste energy or industrial gaseous waste.
Described fossil energy is coal, oil (residual oil, pitch, refinery coke etc.) or Sweet natural gas (containing oil field gas, coal-seam gas); Described biomass energy is stalk or timber etc.; The described waste energy is domestic refuse, mud, ight soil or tire etc.; Described industrial gaseous waste is one or more in coke(oven)gas, refinery gas and the blast furnace gas etc.
The charging form of described gasified raw material is gaseous state, liquid state or solid-state.
The present invention adopts mixed, the pre-membrane type nozzle of airflow atomizing of cover tubular hyperchannel outward, exit end is tapered, dissimilar gasified raw material (gaseous state, liquid state or solid-state) and vaporized chemical enter a certain optimal channel alone, the delivery nozzle end forms certain speed and the jet angled with axis, and the raw material of multithread thigh (containing vaporized chemical) clashes into the uniform mixing of realizing oxygenant (pure oxygen or air or water vapour) and gasified raw material mutually.Only the raw material that need will be to be gasified feeds a certain passage, and its spouting velocity is decided on the raw material form, and the logistics speed of general operation attitude delivery nozzle outlet end is between 1～140m/s.
But this technology nozzle double as baker intensification nozzle, gasification system does not need to be provided with separately baker intensification unit.The gasified raw material easy switching of nozzle simultaneously, if a certain gasified raw material finishes using or the supply problem occurs temporarily, but this gasified raw material passage of shut-off nozzle only needs to feed protection gas (N at this gasified raw material passage
2, CO
2, water vapor etc.) with the protection nozzle.
For more small-sized vapourizing furnace, be equivalent to day 50～1000 tons of coals of processing, adopt overhead single nozzle scheme.
For large-scale vapourizing furnace, its daily handling ability is equivalent to 1000～6000 tons of coals, adopts the multi-nozzle scheme.Vapourizing furnace is by percussion flow (opposed multi-nozzle) and cross jet (overhead single nozzle), strengthens between the raw material, mixing between raw material and the vaporized chemical (oxygen, steam), realizes burning and gasification reaction.
This vapourizing furnace has extremely strong handiness, and load regulation range is big, the raw material easy switching, and the raw material availability height can reach more than 98%, than oxygen consumption, lower than raw material consumption.
Vaporizer side towards the fire lining has two kinds on refractory brick (hot wall type) and water wall (cold-wall type), the patent that the contriver has authorized has ZL98110616.1,200410067212.8(China Patent No.), will preferentially select one of them according to actual state among the present invention.
The bottom of vaporizer is multiple-hearth cooling washing chamber, patent ZL01112880.1, the ZL01112702.3(China Patent No. that can adopt the contriver to authorize) in scheme.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of the airflow bed gasification furnace that gasifies altogether of the polymorphic raw material of being applicable to of the application;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of multi-channel nozzle.
Nomenclature
1: vaporizer; 2: the cooling washing chamber; 3,6: nozzle; 4: housing (being generally metal material); 5: refractory liner; 7: the uniform ring of cooling washing water; 8: foam-breaking strip; 9: the crude synthesis gas conduit; 10,11: the nozzle box; 12,13,14: metal sleeve; 15,16,17: raw material or oxygen (vaporized chemical) passage; A: cone angle.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, be applicable to airflow bed gasification furnace that gas-liquid Guyuan material gasifies altogether in an isodiametric pressure shell, top is vaporizer 1, the bottom is cooling washing chamber 2.The side towards the fire lining 5 of vaporizer 1 is refractory brick or water wall.As adopt single nozzle arrangement, and then nozzle 3 places nozzle box 10, and nozzle box 10 is positioned on the vaporizer medullary ray, is fixed in housing 4; As adopt multi-nozzle to dispose, be opposed to nozzle and the configuration of overhead nozzles combine, nozzle 6 places nozzle box's 11 while nozzle 3 to place nozzle box 10, nozzle box 11 is distributed in the periphery of housing 4, nozzle 6 is on same horizontal plane, the axis of its axis and vaporizer 1 is perpendicular, and nozzle box 11 is fixed in housing 4.During the multi-nozzle configuration, the number that should guarantee nozzle 6 is even number (2 ~ 8), and a pair of nozzle on the nozzle 6 place planar radials is at a distance of 180 °, and vapourizing furnace forms percussion flow (opposed multi-nozzle) and cross jet (overhead single nozzle) in vapourizing furnace.Cooling washing chamber 2 is made up of the uniform ring 7 of cooling washing water, crude synthesis gas conduit 9 and foam-breaking strip 8.Single nozzle arrangement is applicable to more small-sized vapourizing furnace (being equivalent to day 50～1000 tons of coals of processing), and the multi-nozzle configuration is applicable to relatively large vapourizing furnace (being equivalent to day 1000～6000 tons of coals of processing).
Referring to Fig. 2, the structure of nozzle 3 and nozzle 6 is one telescopic, and the tapered pre-membrane type of exit end mixes outward, the airflow atomizing nozzle.Cone angle is 0～120 °.Dissimilar gasified raw material (gaseous state, liquid state or solid-state) enters a certain optimal channel alone, and the delivery nozzle end forms certain speed and the jet angled with axis.Its spouting velocity is decided on the raw material form, and general operation attitude speed is between 1～140m/s.
Embodiment 1
Adopt technology of the present invention, to more small-sized vapourizing furnace (being equivalent to day 50～1000 tons of coals of processing), adopt overhead single nozzle scheme to realize that coal slurry and coke(oven)gas gasify altogether, vapourizing furnace adopts lining of fire brick.Respectively gasify by 50% weight ratio with Firing Shenhua Coal and coke(oven)gas, coal is carried with 65% coal water slurry, and coke(oven)gas delivers into nozzle after compression.This vapourizing furnace day is handled 400 tons in coal, 400 tons of coke(oven)gas.Raw coal and coke(oven)gas composition are listed table 1 and table 2 respectively in.
When vapor pressure is 6.5MPa, during 1350 ℃ of vapourizing furnace temperature outs, vapourizing furnace outlet synthetic gas forms and the main technique index is listed table 3 and table 4 in.
The technology nozzle is a three-channel nozzle, and cone angle is 30 °, and centre channel is that oxygen, second passage are that coal slurry, outer passage are coke(oven)gas, and the speed of nozzle-end oxygen, coal slurry and coke(oven)gas is respectively 120m/s, 8m/s, 90m/s.
Adopt technology of the present invention, to large-scale vapourizing furnace (being equivalent to day 1000～6000 tons of coals of processing), adopt the multi-nozzle scheme to realize that coal slurry and coke(oven)gas gasify altogether, vapourizing furnace adopts lining of fire brick.Respectively gasify by 50% weight ratio with Firing Shenhua Coal and coke(oven)gas, coal is carried with 65% coal water slurry, and coke(oven)gas delivers into nozzle after compression.This vapourizing furnace day is handled 1500 tons in coal, 1500 tons of coke(oven)gas.Raw coal and coke(oven)gas composition are listed table 1 and table 2 respectively in.When vapor pressure is 6.5MPa, during 1350 ℃ of vapourizing furnace temperature outs, vapourizing furnace outlet synthetic gas forms and the main technique index is listed table 3 and table 4 in.
Vapourizing furnace adopts the multi-nozzle scheme, and 5 road nozzles are set, and 4 road opposed nozzles and 1 road overhead nozzle, each raw material are divided into 5 the tunnel and enter vapourizing furnace through the technology nozzle.The technology nozzle is a three-channel nozzle, and cone angle is 60 °, and centre channel is that oxygen, second passage are that coal slurry, outer passage are coke(oven)gas, and the speed of nozzle-end oxygen, coal slurry and coke(oven)gas is respectively 100m/s, 8m/s, 100m/s.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is used for the airflow bed gasification furnace that the variform raw material gasifies altogether, it is characterized in that, in an isodiametric pressure shell, top is vaporizer (1), and the bottom is cooling washing chamber (2);
When adopting single nozzle arrangement, nozzle (3) places nozzle box (10), and nozzle box (10) are positioned on the medullary ray of vaporizer (1) and are fixed in housing (4);
When adopting the multi-nozzle configuration, even numbers of nozzles (6) places nozzle box (11), and nozzle (3) places nozzle box (10) simultaneously; The number of nozzle (6) is 2～8 and on same horizontal plane, the axis of its axis and vaporizer (1) is perpendicular, and nozzle box (11) are fixed in housing (4) and are distributed in the periphery of housing (4); A pair of nozzle on the planar radial of nozzle (6) place is at a distance of 180 °, so that form percussion flow;
Cooling washing chamber (2) is made up of the cooling uniform rings of washing water (7), crude synthesis gas conduit (9) and foam-breaking strip (8).
2. airflow bed gasification furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the structure of described nozzle (3) and nozzle (6) is that the pre-membrane type that hyperchannel is telescopic, exit end is tapered mixes the airflow atomizing nozzle outward, and cone angle a is 0～120 °.
3. airflow bed gasification furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the material of the side towards the fire lining (5) of described vaporizer (1) is refractory brick or water wall.
4. airflow bed gasification furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the operating pressure of described vapourizing furnace is 0.1～12MPa, and gasification temperature is 1300～1700 ℃.
5. airflow bed gasification furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described gasified raw material is fossil energy, biomass energy, the waste energy or industrial gaseous waste.
6. airflow bed gasification furnace according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described fossil energy is coal, oil or Sweet natural gas; Described biomass energy is stalk or timber; The described waste energy is domestic refuse, mud, ight soil or tire; Described industrial gaseous waste is one or more in coke(oven)gas, refinery gas and the blast furnace gas etc.
7. according to the described airflow bed gasification furnace of claim 1～6, it is characterized in that, the charging form of described gasified raw material is gaseous state, liquid state or solid-state, the gasified raw material branch of vaporized chemical and different feeds form is walked the different passages of nozzle (3) or nozzle (6), and the material speed that goes out each access port is 1～140m/s.
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