CN102183238A - Portable device for measuring height of atmospheric mixing layer in real time - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable device for real-time measurement of the height of the atmospheric mixed layer. The control box is installed on a triangular fixed frame, and a T-shaped support frame is vertically arranged on the control box. The wind direction detection part and the wind speed detection part of the wind direction wind speed sensor are respectively Installed on the left and right horizontal arms of the support frame, the solar radiation sensor is fixed on the top of the vertical pole of the support frame; the ambient temperature and humidity sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor and dew point temperature sensor are installed on the support plate protruding from the outside of the control cabinet ; Solar radiation sensor, wind direction and wind speed sensor, ambient temperature and humidity sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor, dew point temperature sensor and time signal generator, data memory, keys and display screen are connected with digital signal processor. The portable device for real-time measuring the height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere can simply, quickly and accurately calculate the height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere.

Description

Portable device for real-time measurement of the height of the atmospheric mixed layer

technical field

The invention relates to a portable device for measuring the height of the atmospheric mixed layer in real time.

Background technique

The atmospheric mixed layer not only has a direct and close relationship with humans, but also has a direct and close relationship with almost all living things on the earth, because all the exchange processes between the ground and water surface and the atmosphere (including heat exchange, energy exchange and mass exchange, etc.) ) are carried out in the mixed layer of the atmosphere. In addition, since the air in the mixed layer of the atmosphere is the gas that people directly breathe, the properties of the mixed layer of the atmosphere are often the focus of mutual attention. The height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere is one of the most important characteristics of the mixed layer of the atmosphere. It refers to the height near the ground that the air pollutants and atmospheric components can fully mix due to thermal buoyancy or mechanical turbulence. The height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere controls the transport and dispersion of heat and pollutants in cities, and determines the vertical height to which atmospheric pollutants can diffuse. The height of the atmospheric mixed layer is also a necessary input parameter for many air pollution transport models, and its changes can significantly affect the urban heat island effect, air pollution levels, and long-term climate change. Therefore, a deep understanding of the height of the atmospheric mixed layer is of great significance for environmental monitoring, air pollutant prediction and weather forecasting.

Accurate measurement of the height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere plays a vital role in understanding it, but there is still no unified method for directly measuring the height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere that is widely recognized in the world. The commonly used methods for measuring the height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere include indirect measurement methods and theoretical parametric models, but these methods and models are complex in principle and difficult to operate in practice, and it is difficult to obtain real-time and accurate data of the height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere. The indirect measurement methods of atmospheric mixed layer height include radiosonde method and long-range radar detection method. The disadvantages are that the measurement is time-consuming and laborious, the operation is complicated, it is easily affected by the environment, and the measurement error is large. Theoretical parametric models usually require real-time meteorological parameters such as resistance velocity, cloud cover, and solar height at observation points. These meteorological parameters are very difficult to obtain and can only be provided by large weather stations. In addition, the calculation of theoretical parametric models is relatively complicated, and the influencing factors Many, the calculation error is large, it is difficult to popularize and use. It can be seen that the existing methods and technical devices are difficult to obtain real-time and accurate values of the height of the atmospheric mixed layer.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a portable device for real-time measurement of the height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere, which can calculate the height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere simply, quickly and accurately.

Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A portable device for real-time measurement of the height of the atmospheric mixed layer. The control case is installed on a triangular fixed frame, and a T-shaped support frame is vertically arranged on the control case. The wind direction detection part and the wind speed detection part of the wind direction and wind speed sensor are respectively installed on the support frame. On the left and right horizontal arms, the solar radiation sensor is fixed on the top of the vertical pole of the support frame;

The ambient temperature and humidity sensor, the atmospheric pressure sensor and the dew point temperature sensor are installed on the support plate protruding from the outside of the control cabinet;

The control box is equipped with a digital signal processor, a time signal generator and a data memory, and the control box is equipped with a display screen and buttons;

Solar radiation sensor, wind direction and wind speed sensor, ambient temperature and humidity sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor, dew point temperature sensor and time signal generator, data memory, keys and display screen are all connected with digital signal processor.

Described digital signal processor has the computing unit that is used to calculate the height value of atmospheric mixed layer according to the detection value of current each sensor and following formula:

MLH＝a ₁ T+a ₂ P+a ₃ SR+a ₄ RH+a ₅ WS+a ₆ DT Calculate the predicted value of the city's atmospheric mixed layer height; MLH in the formula is the atmospheric mixed layer height;

In the formula, a ₁ to a ₆ are the regression coefficients, which are obtained from the historical meteorological data and the historical atmospheric mixed layer height through the statistical multiple linear regression method; T is the air temperature, P is the atmospheric pressure, and SR is the solar radiation value, RH is air humidity, WS is wind speed, DT is dew point temperature.

The support plate is provided with a protective cover for covering the ambient temperature and humidity sensor, the atmospheric pressure sensor and the dew point temperature sensor;

The tripod mount is provided with screws for fixing the tripod mount to the ground.

There are louvered ventilation openings on the back of the control enclosure.

Beneficial effect:

The portable device for measuring the height of the atmospheric mixed layer in real time of the present invention is based on the method of predicting the height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere with simple surface meteorological parameters obtained in existing research, and provides a portable device for measuring the height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere in real time. The selected devices are all A product with low power consumption and small volume can be easily integrated into a small casing, so the device of the present invention is small in volume and easy to carry. The device of the present invention can indirectly obtain the accurate height of the atmospheric mixed layer only by measuring the near-surface air temperature, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation, air humidity, wind speed and dew point temperature, etc., so the device of the present invention is simple in operation, reliable in measurement, and resistant to Strong interference ability. In addition, the device of the present invention has a simple principle for measuring the height of the atmospheric mixed layer, fewer influencing factors, and less calculation errors, so it is easy to be popularized and used.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a 24-hour trend chart of the height of the atmospheric mixed layer in the summer of 2009 (June to August) in Changsha;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the comparison between the calculation results of the regression model of the atmospheric mixed layer height in Changsha City from 2005 to 2009 and the results published by NOAA;

Figure 3 is a comparison chart of the forecast results of the mixed layer height from January to October 2010 and the data published by NOAA (http://www.noaa.gov/).

Fig. 4 is the appearance structural diagram of device of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the internal circuit of the device of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment:

Example 1:

Examples of parameter determination and calculation process for atmospheric mixed layer height data:

Taking Changsha City as an example, the establishment, implementation and forecasting process of the above regression model (that is, the aforementioned calculation formula of MLH) will be explained in detail.

First, get historical data. On the one hand, the 24-hour atmospheric mixed layer height data of Changsha City in the past five years (2005-2009) was downloaded from NOAA (http://www.noaa.gov/) of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Data), on the other hand, from the meteorological data publicly released by the international meteorological website (http://www.wunderground.com/), the basic meteorological parameter data of Changsha City in the past five years (2005-2009) 24 hours a day.

Secondly, based on the above historical data, use SPSS (that is, Chinese: Statistical Products and Service Solutions) statistical analysis software (any statistical software has this function) to establish a multiple linear regression between the height of the urban atmospheric mixed layer and basic meteorological parameters The segmentation model is as follows:

During the day (8:00-19:00): MLH＝-11882+1.4*SR+56.4*WS+10.6*P+62.9*T-56.9*DT+12.3*RH;

Night (20:00-7:00): MLH=-679+0.07*SR+47.6*WS+0.8*P+10.6*T-8.9*DT-0.6*RH.

Finally, the above regression model is used to predict the height of the atmospheric mixed layer in Changsha in real time. Figure 3 shows the height change of the atmospheric mixed layer calculated by us using the basic meteorological parameter data (http://www.wunderground.com/) from January to October 2010, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA (http://www. noaa.gov/) published data are very consistent, fully verifying the predictive reliability of the regression model.

Figure 1 is a 24-hour trend chart of the height of the atmospheric mixed layer in Changsha in the summer of 2009 (June to August). between 200 and 1500 meters), so the present invention performs segmented regression day and night to improve the reliability of the model.

Figure 2 is a comparison between the results calculated by the regression model of the atmospheric mixed layer height ^{in Changsha} City from 2005 to 2009 and the results published by NOAA. reliability.

Figure 3 is a comparison of the prediction results of the height of the mixed layer of the atmosphere from January to October 2010 and the data published by NOAA (http://www.noaa.gov/) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States. The results are very consistent, which fully verifies the prediction of the regression model reliability.

illustrate:

(1) The historical data of urban atmospheric mixed layer height in the regression model can be obtained by any method as mentioned above, such as remote detection of large weather stations or calculation based on theoretical models.

(2) the basic meteorological parameter principle that the present invention adopts is simple and easy to obtain (as adopting the meteorological data that small-scale or miniature weather station can test in real time) or the meteorological data that local Meteorological Bureau announces in real time, the meteorological parameter that specifically adopts comprises: air temperature (T), dew point temperature (DT), atmospheric pressure (P), relative humidity (RH), solar radiation (SR), surface wind speed (WS).

(3) Since the height of the atmospheric mixed layer has a significant difference between daytime and night (seeing accompanying drawing 1), therefore in order to improve the reliability of the regression model, the present invention proposes to carry out segmental regression daytime and night.

(4) The above-mentioned statistical regression model realizes the method of calculating the urban atmospheric mixed layer height which is very difficult to obtain or test by using the basic meteorological parameters which are very easy to obtain or test.

(5) Through the field test or the basic meteorological parameter data released by the local meteorological bureau in real time, the height of the urban atmospheric mixed layer and its changes can be calculated and predicted in real time according to the above-mentioned multiple linear regression model.

Because for different cities, the linear regression coefficients are all obtained through the linear regression method of historical data, therefore, the method of the present invention has universal applicability. That is, it can be used in any city, the only difference is that the specific values of the regression coefficients in different cities are different.

As shown in Figure 4, the present invention device a kind of portable device that measures the height of atmospheric mixed layer in real time, consists of wind direction wind speed sensor 1, support frame 2, protective cover 3, support plate 4, control cabinet 5, button 6, baffle plate 7 ( The baffle can be opened and closed, and when the baffle is closed, it has waterproof and dustproof functions, that is, to protect buttons, interfaces, display screens, etc.), triangular fixing bracket 8, data interface 9, display screen 10, solar radiation sensor 11 and built-in Circuit composition. Wherein the protective cover 3 has an ambient temperature and humidity sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor and a dew point temperature sensor, and the protective cover 3 can protect the above three sensors from the influence of rain and radiation.

The solar radiation sensor 11 and the wind direction and speed sensor 1 are installed on the support frame 2 directly above the control cabinet 5, wherein the solar radiation 1 is placed on the upper end of the column of the support frame 2, and the wind direction and wind speed sensor 1 is placed on the parallel plate of the support frame 2 in two parts. The two ends; the protective cover 3 is placed on the support plate 4 connected to the back of the control cabinet 5 . The selected sensors are all high-precision sensors, and the lines connected between the sensors and the control cabinet pass through the support frame (board) to prevent the aging damage of the lines caused by the long-term outdoor work of the device of the present invention. When baffle plate 7 is tightly closed, it can guarantee that rainwater will not enter in the control cabinet when it rains, and there is a louver-type small air vent on the control cabinet back side, which is convenient for heat to export in the cabinet. The layout of the operation panel in the control cabinet is shown in FIG. 4 , including keys 6 , data interface 9 and display screen 10 . The upper left part of the operation panel is a display screen 10, which is used to display numerical information such as time, solar radiation, air temperature and air humidity, wind direction and wind speed, atmospheric pressure, dew point temperature and atmospheric mixed layer height; the lower left part is a USB data interface and standard RS232 data interface, two data interfaces are more convenient for the data transmission between the device of the present invention and the computer; the right part is buttons, including 0-9 number keys, decimal point keys, up and down keys, setting keys, confirmation keys, cancel keys, on and off keys and lighting key, the setting key is used to make the device of the present invention enter the setting state, the switch key is used for the power switch of the device of the present invention, and the lighting key is used to check the content of the display screen and operate the panel correctly under the condition of low light.

(2) The built-in circuit block diagram is shown in Figure 5, the main solar radiation sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, wind direction and wind speed sensor, pressure sensor, dew point temperature sensor, digital signal processor, time signal generator, buttons, data memory and digital display Composition, wherein the solar radiation sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, wind direction and wind speed sensor, pressure sensor, dew point temperature sensor, time signal generator and the output end of the key are connected with the input end of the digital signal processor, and the digital signal can be processed through the key The device issues related instructions to realize the related settings of the device of the present invention. The digital signal processor has a built-in calculation formula for the height of the atmospheric mixed layer that has been researched. When there are solar radiation, air temperature and air humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and dew point temperature input at the same time, the digital signal processor can refer to the system time in the device. Automatically choose to use the day or night calculation formula to calculate the real-time atmospheric mixed layer height value. The output terminal of the digital signal processor is connected with the input terminal of the digital display screen and the data memory at the same time, and the obtained solar radiation, air temperature and air humidity, wind direction and wind speed, atmospheric pressure, dew point temperature and atmospheric mixed layer height are displayed in real time on the display and stored in data memory. By pressing the button, the system time, start and end working time, the time interval of recording and storing data and the data output mode (USB data interface or RS232 data interface) when the data interface is connected to the computer can be set.

(3) When the device of the present invention is connected with the computer with the data line, run the special "atmospheric mixed layer height monitoring system platform" software, and the software operation can replace the buttons to carry out system time, start and end working time, recording of the device of the present invention It can also set the time interval for storing data and real-time monitoring data and the data in the memory for viewing or other operations. If when connected to a computer, the device of the present invention is monitoring work, click "real-time monitoring" in the software interface tool bar of "atmospheric mixed layer height monitoring system platform" to check real-time wind direction, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation, air humidity , wind speed, dew point temperature and atmospheric mixed layer height values and their average values within one hour; click "Historical Data" in the toolbar to view, download and clear the data in the data storage. The default data download format It is in ".xls" format, which is convenient for subsequent statistical analysis of data. In addition, when running the "Atmospheric Mixed Layer Height Monitoring System Platform" software, the existing data that has been downloaded in the computer can be retrieved for viewing.

Claims (5)

1. mancarried device of measuring in real time the atmospheric mixed layer height, it is characterized in that, the control cabinet is installed on three corner steadies, vertically be provided with the bracing frame of T shape on the control cabinet, the wind direction test section of wind direction and wind velocity sensor and wind speed test section be installed in respectively bracing frame about on 2 horizontal arms, solar radiation sensor is fixed on the top of the vertical pole of bracing frame;

Ambient temperature and humidity sensor, barometric pressure sensor and dew point temperature sensor are installed on the back up pad of stretching out control cabinet outside;

Be provided with digital signal processor, time signal generator and data-carrier store in the control cabinet, the control cabinet is provided with display screen and button;

Solar radiation sensor, wind direction and wind velocity sensor, ambient temperature and humidity sensor, barometric pressure sensor, dew point temperature sensor and time signal generator, data-carrier store, button and display screen all join with digital signal processor.

2. the mancarried device of real-time measurement atmospheric mixed layer height according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described digital signal processor has and is used for the computing unit that detected value and following formula according to current each sensor calculate the atmospheric mixed layer height value:

MLH=a ₁T+a ₂P+a ₃SR+a ₄RH+a ₅WS+a ₆DT calculates the predicted value of the atmospheric mixed layer height in this city; MLH in the formula is the atmospheric mixed layer height;

A in the formula ₁～a ₆Be regression coefficient, regression coefficient is learned the multiple linear regression analysis method acquisition by statistics by the weather data and the historical atmospheric mixed layer height of history; T is an air themperature, and P is that atmospheric pressure, SR are solar radiation value, and RH is an air humidity, and WS is that wind speed, DT are dewpoint temperature.

3. the mancarried device of real-time measurement atmospheric mixed layer height according to claim 1 is characterized in that back up pad is provided with the protective cover that is used to cover ambient temperature and humidity sensor, barometric pressure sensor and dew point temperature sensor;

4. the mancarried device of real-time measurement atmospheric mixed layer height according to claim 1 is characterized in that three corner steadies are provided with the screw that is used for three corner steadies are fixed on ground.

5. according to the mancarried device of each described real-time measurement atmospheric mixed layer height of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that the control cabinet back side is provided with the ventilating opening of venetian blind type.

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