CN102182182B - Pressure-yielding anchor device - Google Patents
Pressure-yielding anchor device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102182182B CN102182182B CN 201110091753 CN201110091753A CN102182182B CN 102182182 B CN102182182 B CN 102182182B CN 201110091753 CN201110091753 CN 201110091753 CN 201110091753 A CN201110091753 A CN 201110091753A CN 102182182 B CN102182182 B CN 102182182B
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- extrusion head
- ground tackle
- pressure
- allows
- bridge
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 36
- QLMNCUHSDAGQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sintofen Chemical compound N1=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C=2C(OCCOC)=CC=CC=2N1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QLMNCUHSDAGQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002706 plastid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010057175 Mass conditions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
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- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure-yielding anchor device, which comprises an extrusion head, a pressure-yielding sleeve and anchor bars, wherein the extrusion head is a cylinder with the conical surface at the lower part and movably connected with the anchor bars into a whole; and the extrusion head is arranged in the pressure-yielding sleeve, the raised surface matched with the conical surface at the lower part of the extrusion head is arranged on the inner wall of the pressure-yielding sleeve, the pressure-yielding sleeve is a steel pipe with a raised edge on the inner wall preferably, and the raised surface matched with the conical surface of the extrusion head is arranged at the end part of the raised edge. By adopting the pressure-yielding anchor device, the purposes of yielding pressure, dissipating energy and controlling deformation can be realized during anchoring, and the pressure-yielding anchor device is applicable to the anchor bars made of any material. The pressure-yielding anchor device is convenient to manufacture, reliable in effects and applicable to different engineering needs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ground tackle, especially relate to a kind of ground tackle with stressed surrender of energy dissipating and distortion, be applied to the anchoring of the distortion of bridge and building structure and energy dissipating, geotechnical engineering stratum ground.
Background technology
At present, the anchor pole that geotechnical engineering circle has occurred or anchor cable have more than 10 types, and having become is the Main Means of rock-reinforcing.Their common loading characteristic is that the distortion of anchor cable must be coordinated mutually with the distortion of Rock And Soil, and the deflection of rock mass has surpassed the maximum deformation quantity of anchor cable permission and will have been broken.The load-bearing device that can do with blast and earthquake intense impact and vibration deformation and can keep predetermined force to work on plays a part very important in actual applications.Such as surrender anchor pole or anchor cable device in the geotechnical engineering, tackle the Deformation control of deep formation rock burst or large deformation, geotechnical slope and foundation ditch etc.; Ground structure thing such as bridge control beam shock-damping device etc. when bridge pier prevents earthquake.
The whole stress of surrender anchor pole or anchor cable device is " bullet is moulded " property seemingly.When the deflection of rock mass makes the pulling force of anchor pole or anchor cable surpass the design yield force, anchor bar body between interior anchoring section and the outer anchoring section or anchor cable are known from experience in the situation that keep pulling force constant automatically " elongation ", it is the same that erect image is done the tension test of steel, tensile stress reaches yield limit, pulling force is constant, and the body of rod increases.
In geotechnical anchor engineering, surrender anchor pole or anchor cable device can solve some special geological conditionss, the vibrations distortion that blast causes such as earthquake or high energy, press the deep formation rock burst that causes greatly or the large deformation situation of large deformation and geotechnical slope and deep foundation ditch etc., surrender anchor pole or anchor cable device to be a kind ofly can to keep predetermined anchored force and can form again certain " distortion " and measure anchor pole or the anchor cable of eliminating vibration energy or adaptive deformation.This anchor pole or anchor cable claim to surrender anchor pole or surrender anchor cable, or are generically and collectively referred to as and allow the pressure ground tackle.Existing allowing presses ground tackle to mainly contain following two kinds of forms:
1, adopt and to allow pressure device (such as spring washer etc.) between anchor plate and the fixture, it allows presses displacement less, is applicable to the less engineering of distortion such as hard rock and allows pressure.
2, adopt extruded sleeve and anchoring medium to form at presstressed reinforcing steel and allow the pressure anchor cable, such as Chinese utility model patent ZL200820104437.X or Chinese invention patent application 200810073713.5 disclosed a kind of pressure ground tackle and recoverable version anchor cables of allowing.Its technical scheme is to reserve one section presstressed reinforcing steel behind extruded sleeve, by the effect of extruded sleeve and anchoring medium, realizes allowing pressure.This technology is only applicable to anchor cable (steel strand), is not suitable for the pressure that allows of bar reinforcement anchor pole; Particularly because presstressed reinforcing steel must pass through extruded sleeve, sleeve pipe must be divested when presstressed reinforcing steel adopts unbonded tendon presstressed reinforcing steel this moment, in application process, this section presstressed reinforcing steel unprotect layer is then easily sent out corrosion, reduction anchor cable application life.
In bridge engineering, antidetonation is a kind of expensive high technology.It is not high that some destroys importance degree, accomplish that large shake do not stride the act of the best that is seismic design, namely when the intensity earthquake occurs, after beam appears falling in bridge, can be held by bridge pier but not stride by the device of a kind of energy dissipating and control distortion and collapse, like this security of the lives and property on the guarantee bridge.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of pressure ground tackle that allows, realize allowing the purpose of pressure, energy dissipating and control distortion when reaching anchoring, and be applicable to the dowel of any material.
A kind of pressure ground tackle that allows, comprise extrusion head, allow gland cylinder and dowel, described extrusion head be the bottom with the cylinder of the conical surface, described extrusion head is flexibly connected with dowel in use and is integral; Described extrusion head places and allows in the gland cylinder, allows gland cylinder inwall be provided with the raised face (RF) that matches with the conical surface of extrusion head bottom.
The conical surface of described extrusion head bottom is the straight line conical surface or the curve conical surface.The straight line conical surface or the curve conical surface of described extrusion head can be interrupted, also can be continuously annular, be preferably annular continuously.
Preferably, described allow the gland cylinder be inwall with the steel pipe of lug, nib, the end of lug, nib is the raised face (RF) that matches with the conical surface of extrusion head.
The described lug, nib of gland cylinder inwall that allows is straight lug, nib or the oblique lug, nib of vertical continuous uniform of some, is preferably 6.
The described inwall of gland cylinder one end afterbody that allows has the on-slip ring washer.Described on-slip ring washer is annular, fits in integral body with sleeve lining, and on-slip ring washer internal diameter is less than the extrusion head external diameter and match.
The described top and bottom of gland cylinder that allow are respectively equipped with sealing lid, its with allow gland cylinder and dowel cooperate, prevent apparatus of the present invention install after and in lubricant grease blends the external world outward in the sleeve in the duty material enters.
Described extrusion head is provided with centre bore, and described centre bore can also can be partial bores by through hole, is provided with internal thread in the hole.Extrusion head can carry out anchor connection with the dowel of any material, thereby realizes anchoring, such as steel strand, and steel tendon, bar reinforcement, hollow rods etc.
Described dowel outside can be with sleeve pipe also can not be with sleeve pipe.
When described dowel was steel strand or steel tendon, described extrusion head centre bore was through hole, and dowel is fixed to realize anchoring after passing extrusion head again.
When described dowel bar reinforcement or hollow rods, dowel is fixedly realized anchoring by the screw-internal thread fit of the centre bore of thread surface and extrusion head.
The mechanism of action of pressure ground tackle that allows of the present invention is under the effect of externally pulling force, dowel is under certain pulling force, when value of thrust surpassed the sleeve lining conical surface or lug, nib intensity, conical surface of inboard wall or lug, nib distortion surrender drove extrusion head is done constant force with respect to sleeve slippage.When being lower than this value of thrust, extrusion head and sleeve play the anchoring effect to dowel, not slippage of dowel.Realize that in ground anchorage anchor pole (rope) can adapt to the larger distortion that ground produces in the stratum, realization allows the pressure effect, can allow the shifting ground plastid in anchoring the injurious deformation appropriateness be discharged, and safeguards anchoring effect, guarantee the reliable of anchoring, for the safety of engineering provides safeguard.Play the energy dissipating effect and keep pontic to be held by cable wire after bridge pier bearing pad comes off because of earthquake in the present invention aspect the bridge earthquake resistance, do not land, make that vehicle and pedestrains safety play best protection on the bridge, also be simultaneously impaired being reduced to a minimum of protection beam body.
Of the present invention allowing pressed ground tackle by extrusion head and allowed the relative displacement of gland cylinder realize, can not do any processing to dowel, guarantees that its mechanical property is constant; Adopt inside allow pressures, do not affect the hole space outerpace, allow the pressure amount press the length sleeve adjusting by allowing, apparatus of the present invention are easily manufactured, and are reliable for effect, adapt to different requirement of engineering.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of extrusion head of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structure cross-sectional schematic that allows the gland cylinder of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is A-A sectional drawing among Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is that the present invention allows and presses ground anchorage example schematic at the bottom of ground tackle is applied to the hole.
Fig. 8 is that the present invention allows the pressure ground tackle be applied to the ground anchorage example schematic in aperture.
Fig. 9 is that the present invention allows the pressure ground tackle be applied to the example schematic of a kind of form in the bridge shockproof.
Figure 10 is that the present invention allows the pressure ground tackle be applied to the example schematic of the another kind of form in the bridge shockproof.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of pressure anchor set that allows, comprise extrusion head 1, allow gland cylinder 2, extrusion head 1 be the bottom with the cylinder 11 of the conical surface 12, dowel 3 links into an integrated entity by fixture 15 and extrusion head 1 after passing extrusion head 1; Extrusion head 1 places and allows in the gland cylinder 2, allows gland cylinder 2 inwalls be provided with the raised face (RF) 22 that matches with the conical surface 12 of extrusion head 1.
The conical surface 12 of extrusion head 1 is the straight line conical surface or the curve conical surface, and annular continuously.
Such as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, allow gland cylinder 2 for inwall with many equally distributed straight lug, nibs 21, the raised face (RF) 22 of the end of straight lug, nib 21 for matching with the conical surface 12 of extrusion head 1.Described straight lug, nib 21 quantity and projection size are complementary by the load-bearing ability of reinforcing bar 3, are illustrated as 6 straight lug, nibs.
The upper end of described sleeve 2 is provided with top cover labyrinth 24, and the bottom is provided with lower sealing cover 25, and it cooperates with sleeve 2 and dowel 3, prevent apparatus of the present invention install after and in the material that blends the external world outward of the sleeve 2 interior lubricant greases in the duty enters.
Be illustrated in figure 6 as and allow gland cylinder 2 another embodiments, the described inwall of gland cylinder 2 one end afterbodys that allows has on-slip annular ring washer 23.Described on-slip annular ring washer 23 fits in integral body with sleeve 2 inwalls, has enough thickness and intensity, and on-slip ring washer 23 internal diameters are less than extrusion head 1 external diameter and match, and extrusion head 1 is played the on-slip effect and bears the load action of dowel 3.
Ground tackle of the present invention can be implemented in ground anchorage, and such as Fig. 7, shown in Figure 8, Fig. 7 allows the ground anchorage example schematic at the bottom of the hole of being applied to of pressing ground tackle, allows this moment and presses ground tackle to be positioned at the bottom of anchor hole.
Fig. 8 allows press ground tackle to be applied to the ground anchorage example schematic in aperture, allow this moment and press ground tackle to be positioned at the aperture of anchor hole, the ground tackle front end is anchorage head 8, described anchorage head 8, but mechanical anchor mode or chemical anchoring mode (such as steel rise shell anchorage head or resin explosive roll anchorage head).
Implementation step is as follows in ground anchorage:
After allowing a whole set of anchor pole of pressing ground tackle or anchor cable be installed in the anchor hole 6, backing plate 4 and hold-down nut 5 are installed, carry out slip casting, in anchor hole, form injecting cement paste 7, when slurry consolidation to a certain extent, can carry out prestressed stretch-draw or stretch-draw prestressing force not according to project situation.
Under certain pulling force, the rock mass condition is set certain value of thrust such as dowel 3, play the anchoring effect by extrusion head 1 and 2 pairs of dowels 3 of sleeve, can realize the prestressed stretch-draw of certain value, form initial initiatively pulling force.During such as stretch-draw prestressing force situation not, anchor pole is passive stressed effect behind stratum deformation, produces certain passive pulling force.
In work, cable wire 3 pulling force are lower than when allowing the straight lug, nib 21 yield deformation value of gland cylinder 2, extrusion head 1 with allow 3 anchorings of 2 pairs of cable wires of gland cylinder, reinforcing bar 3 not slippages.
When geostatic stress becomes large, when dowel institute bearing tension surpasses this design load, dowel 3 drives extrusion head 1 with respect to allowing gland cylinder 2 do the slippage of constant force, being extrusion head 1, extruding is mobile mutually with allowing lug, nib 21 in the gland cylinder 2, realize the surrender effect of anchor pole (rope), the larger distortion that is produced to adapt to ground keeps the setting stress value that rock mass is applied simultaneously.Can allow the shifting ground plastid in anchoring, injurious deformation appropriateness be discharged, safeguard anchoring effect, guarantee the reliable of anchoring, for the safety of engineering provides safeguard.
Ground tackle of the present invention can be used in the bridge anchoring, such as Fig. 9, shown in Figure 10.
As shown in Figure 9, two ends are all with allowing the whole anchor cable of two covers of pressing ground tackle be divided into bridge pier 200 both sides by retainer ring 102 1 ends, two root bridge beams 100 respectively by 300 of bearings on bridge pier 200, the other end of the whole anchor cable of two covers carries out anchoring with two root bridge beams 100 respectively by the retainer ring 101 of bridge 100 bottoms.
As shown in figure 10, two ends all with allowing the cable wire 3 of the whole anchor cable of pressing ground tackle pass bridge pier 200 both sides, are carried out anchoring by the retainer ring 101 of being located at by 300 bridge 100 bottoms on bridge pier 300 of bearing with bridge 100 respectively.
Implementation step is as follows in bridge is used:
Give certain pretightning force value of cable wire 3 in the installation process, make extrusion head 1 and allow 2 pairs of cable wires 3 of gland cylinder have locking effect, and performance work.
In work, cable wire 3 pulling force are lower than when allowing the straight lug, nib 21 yield deformation value of gland cylinder 2, extrusion head 1 with allow 3 anchorings of 2 pairs of cable wires of gland cylinder, cable wire 3 not slippages.
When earthquake or the generation of other stress; when 3 bearing tensions of cable wire surpass this design load; cable wire 3 drives extrusion head 1 with respect to allowing gland cylinder 2 do the slippage of constant force; being extrusion head 1, extruding is mobile mutually with allowing lug, nib 21 in the gland cylinder 2; realize the surrender of anchor cable; allow the pressure effect; to adapt to the moderate finite deformation of generation; reduce and impact and energy dissipating; the injurious deformation appropriateness is discharged; keep pontic after generation comes off from bridge pier bearing pad, to be held by cable wire 3 as far as possible; do not land, make that vehicle and pedestrains safety play best protection on the bridge, be simultaneously impaired being reduced to a minimum of protection beam body yet.
Claims (10)
1. one kind allows the pressure ground tackle, comprise extrusion head (1), allow gland cylinder (2) and dowel (3), it is characterized in that: described extrusion head (1) is flexibly connected with dowel (3) and is integral for the cylinder (11) of bottom with the conical surface (12), described extrusion head (1); Described extrusion head (1) places and allows in the gland cylinder (2), the described gland cylinder (2) that allows is the steel pipe of inwall with lug, nib (21), the raised face (RF) (22) of the end of lug, nib (21) for matching with the conical surface (12) of extrusion head (1).
2. the pressure ground tackle that allows according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the conical surface (12) of described extrusion head (1) bottom is the straight line conical surface or the curve conical surface.
3. the pressure ground tackle that allows according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described extrusion head (1) is provided with centre bore.
4. the pressure ground tackle that allows according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described lug, nib (21) that allows gland cylinder (2) inwall is the straight lug, nib of vertical continuous uniform of some or oblique lug, nib.
5. it is characterized in that according to claim 1 or the 4 described pressure ground tackles that allow: describedly allow the inwall of an end afterbody of band lug, nib (21) has on-slip ring washer (23) in the gland cylinder (2).
6. the pressure ground tackle that allows according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described two ends of gland cylinder (2) that allow are provided with upper cover (24) and lower capping (25).
7. one kind is adopted the pressure-relieving achor bar of pressing ground tackle that allows claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise allowing and press ground tackle, backing plate (4) and nut (5), described dowel (3) other end relative with extrusion head (1) of pressing ground tackle that allow installed backing plate (4) and nut (5).
8. one kind is adopted the pressure-relieving achor bar of pressing ground tackle that allows claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise allowing and press ground tackle, anchor head (8), backing plate (4) and nut (5), a described end that allows the dowel (3) of pressing ground tackle pass extrusion head (1) is installed backing plate (4) and nut (5), other end installation anchor head (8).
9. claimed in claim 1 allowing pressed the application of ground tackle in the bridge anchoring, it is characterized in that: two ends are all with allowing the whole anchor cable of two covers of pressing ground tackle be divided into bridge pier (200) both sides by retainer ring (102) one ends, two root bridge beams (100) pass through respectively bearing (300) frame on bridge pier (200), and the other end of the whole anchor cable of two covers carries out anchoring with two root bridge beams (100) respectively by the retainer ring (101) of bridge (100) bottom.
10. claimed in claim 1 allowing pressed the application of ground tackle in the bridge anchoring, it is characterized in that: two ends all with allowing the cable wire (3) of the whole anchor cable of pressing ground tackle pass bridge pier (200) both sides, are carried out anchoring by the retainer ring (101) of being located at by bridge (100) bottom of bearing (300) frame on bridge pier (300) with bridge (100) respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110091753 CN102182182B (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2011-04-13 | Pressure-yielding anchor device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110091753 CN102182182B (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2011-04-13 | Pressure-yielding anchor device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102182182A CN102182182A (en) | 2011-09-14 |
| CN102182182B true CN102182182B (en) | 2013-01-30 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110091753 Active CN102182182B (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2011-04-13 | Pressure-yielding anchor device |
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| CN (1) | CN102182182B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102619226B (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2014-11-05 | 杭州图强工程材料有限公司 | Pressure dispersion type yielding anchor cable |
| CN102953377B (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2015-04-01 | 杭州图强工程材料有限公司 | Pressure-release anchor cable |
| CN103016035B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-12-03 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Abdicating buffer energy-absorbing shock-proof anchor rod cable for coal mine |
| CN104819004B (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2017-12-29 | 山西中煤四达机电设备有限公司 | Prestress wire anchor cable is made a concession in one kind weighing apparatus resistance |
| CN105064621A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-11-18 | 裴唯雅 | Steel rope and reinforcing steel bar connector |
| CN106223343B (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-08-14 | 华北水利水电大学 | The foundation pit supporting method and structure of soil nailing recycling are carried out using automatic flip device |
| CN106761868B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-04-30 | 安徽理工大学 | A new type of durable magnetized bolt |
| CN107461215A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-12 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of back timber formula anchor cable constant-resistance structure and its installation method |
| CN110004950A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-12 | 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所 | Construction method of bidirectional automatic adjustment type prestressed anchor cable |
| CN110630305A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2019-12-31 | 兰州交通大学 | A Tunnel Controllable Yield Anchor |
| CN112593987B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2024-12-27 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | A bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod and anchoring method |
| CN112878323A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-06-01 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Assembled pre-stressed anchor cable structure |
| CN113653522A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-16 | 河海大学 | Self-tapping type yielding anchor rod capable of controlling large deformation of soft rock and having displacement monitoring function |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87202281U (en) * | 1987-02-21 | 1987-12-31 | 中国矿业学院 | Extrusion type extendible anchor rod |
| GB2284032B (en) * | 1993-11-06 | 1997-02-26 | Longleys | Bolt anchoring device and method |
| AU722997B2 (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 2000-08-17 | Henry Alexander Stirling | Yielding adapter for rock bolts |
| CN202099800U (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-01-04 | 杭州图强工程材料有限公司 | Yielding anchorage device |
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2011
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