CN102158207B - Impulse modulation method and circuit for switch transistor drive signals - Google Patents
Impulse modulation method and circuit for switch transistor drive signals Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an impulse modulation method and circuit for switch transistor drive signals. The impulse modulation circuit comprises a diode D6, a resistor R1, a capacitor C4, a voltage comparator U1 and a voltage comparator U2. The anode of the diode D6 is connected with input pulse and the cathode of the diode D6 is respectively connected to non-inverting input ends of the voltage comparator U1 and the voltage comparator U2. The resistor R1 is connected between the anode and the cathode of the diode D6 in parallel. One end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the cathode of the diode D6, the other end of the capacitor C4 is earthed. The inverting input ends of the voltage comparator U1 and the voltage comparator U2 are respectively connected to voltage reference Vref1 and voltage reference Vref2. The invention can be applied to a small-power high-voltage injection switching power supply and realize that the input pulse is converted into pulse drive signals with synchronous rising edge and successively delayed failling edge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pulse modulation technique that switching transistor drives signal, particularly a kind of being applied in three Level Technology, the switching transistor of low-power high-voltage input switch power supply drives pulse modulation method and the pulse modulated circuit of signal.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of power electronic technology, the application of the power electronic products such as Switching Power Supply, frequency converter is more and more wider.The development of super high voltage direct current electricity transmission, photovoltaic industry so that the input voltage of these power electronic products up to upper kilovolt, be subjected to the withstand voltage restriction of switching transistor, as common normal shock, anti-swash, designing requirement that the topologys such as half-bridge, full-bridge can't satisfy high input voltage.The application of three Level Technology has well solved the problem of Transistor Voltage Stress in the power electronics.Its essence is with withstand voltage lower switching transistor series connection, by the modulation of suitable driving signal, so that withstand voltage the meeting the demands of switching transistor of series connection.Therefore in three Level Technology, the modulation that switching transistor drives signal is one of difficult point of this technology.For the three level topology of the employings such as high-power high voltage frequency converter, its modulation that drives signal can be realized by software by microcontrollers such as single-chip microcomputer or DSP.For low-power high-voltage input switch power supply, adopt three level pair transistors instead to swash or three level pair transistor forward topologies more common, wherein, three level pair transistor anti exciting converters mainly comprise following part, as shown in Figure 1: three lever double tube instead swashs main power circuit 11, feedback circuit 12, by main control circuit and isolated drive circuit 14 that microcontroller (MCU) 13 consists of, and the function of each functional circuit is:
Three lever double tube instead swashs main power circuit: mainly realize the input-output power mapping function;
Feedback circuit: output voltage is detected and the signal processing, and then output feedback signal is delivered to microcontroller;
Main control circuit: according to the feedback signal that receives, by specific algorithm generate the driving signal of characteristic frequency and duty ratio and after ovennodulation output deliver to isolated drive circuit;
Isolated drive circuit: with the switching transistor that after the driving signal isolation amplification of ovennodulation, directly drives correspondence of main control circuit output.
The operation principle of main power circuit is as follows: the high voltage of input side carries out dividing potential drop by capacitor C 1 and the C2 that capacity equates, mid-point voltage is half of input voltage.According to the operation principle of pair transistor anti exciting converter, former limit switching transistor needs open-minded simultaneously, turn-offs simultaneously.But for three level pair transistor anti exciting converters, four transistors on former limit still need open-minded simultaneously, but have when turn-offing successively, Q1, Q4 will turn-off first, Q2, Q3 will close the time-delay a period of time of having no progeny at Q1, Q4 and just turn-off, under the clamping action of diode D1, D2, the Vds voltage of Q1, the Q4 that turn-offs first is clamped to first the midpoint potential of C1, C2, is half of input voltage like this.Again because the clamping action of diode D3, D4, the withstand voltage input voltage that is up to that switching transistor Q1, the Q2 that is in series and Q3, Q4 are total.So, four switching transistors the highest withstand voltage only is half of input voltage, thereby needn't adopt the high withstand voltage switching transistor of the high and difficult buying of price.
From the operation principle of above-mentioned main power circuit as can be known, three lever double tube anti exciting converter and common two lever double tube anti exciting converters are identical aspect duty ratio modulation, just because the series connection of switching transistor in the three lever double tube anti exciting converter is carried out suitable modulation and need to drive signal to it.For common double-transistor flyback converter, adopt PWM controller commonly used such as 384X etc. just can control.But, for low-power high-voltage input switch power supply, if adopt microcontroller to drive the modulation of signal, cause on the one hand cost to rise, need simultaneously microcontroller is programmed, thereby increase development difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the pulse modulation method that a kind of switching transistor drives signal, can be applicable to low-power high-voltage input switch power supply, realization is converted into input pulse has the pulse drive signal that rising edge is synchronous, trailing edge is delayed time successively.
Another object of the present invention provides the pulse modulated circuit that utilizes above-mentioned pulse modulation method.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following scheme: a kind of switching transistor drives the pulse modulation method of signal, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the diode D6 that the pulse signal of inputting is connected through forward receives respectively the in-phase input end of at least two voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2;
(2) inverting input at each voltage comparator accesses respectively corresponding reference voltage;
(3) resistance R 1 is attempted by the anode and cathode two ends of diode D6, and capacitor C 4 one ends is connected to the negative electrode of diode D6, with the other end ground connection of capacitor C 4, consist of the RC charging and discharging circuit;
(4) by the time of delay of regulation voltage comparator output pulse trailing edge, make each voltage comparator output have the pulse modulation synchronous with input pulse signal rising edge, that trailing edge is delayed time successively and drive signal.
On the basis of the above, pulse modulation method of the present invention can be done following improvement:
In described step (4), the method for the time of delay of regulation output pulse trailing edge comprises:
A. regulate the time constant of R1, C4 charging and discharging circuit, change the fall time of C4 both end voltage, and the reference voltage size is constant, thereby change the voltage drop at capacitor C 4 two ends to the needed time of turnover door voltage limit of voltage comparator, with the purpose of time of delay of reaching regulation output pulse trailing edge.
B. regulate the size of reference voltage, change the upset thresholding of voltage comparator output trailing edge, and the time constant of R1, C4 charging and discharging circuit is constant, thereby change the voltage drop at capacitor C 4 two ends to the needed time of turnover door voltage limit of each voltage comparator, with the purpose of time of delay of reaching regulation output pulse trailing edge.
C. regulate simultaneously the time constant of R1, C4 charging and discharging circuit and the size of reference voltage, change simultaneously the fall time of C4 both end voltage and the upset thresholding of voltage comparator output trailing edge, thereby change the voltage drop at capacitor C 4 two ends to the needed time of turnover door voltage limit of each voltage comparator, with the purpose of time of delay of reaching regulation output pulse trailing edge.
In the inventive method pull-up resistor is accessed between the pulse output end and operating voltage positive pole of each voltage comparator, be used for improving the driving force of circuit.
A kind of switching transistor drives the pulse modulated circuit of signal, it is characterized in that: comprise diode D6, resistance R 1, capacitor C 4, voltage comparator U1, voltage comparator U2;
The anodic bonding input pulse of described diode D6, the negative electrode of diode D6 is connected to respectively the in-phase input end of voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2; Described resistance R 1 is attempted by between the both positive and negative polarity of diode D6; One end of described capacitor C 4 is connected to the negative electrode of diode D6, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 4; The inverting input of described voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2 accesses respectively reference voltage V ref1 and reference voltage V ref2, the pulse output end of voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2 is exported respectively pulse drive signal Drv1 and the pulse drive signal Drv2 after the modulation, by time and the reference voltage of control break capacitor charge and discharge, make each voltage comparator output have the pulse modulation that rising edge is synchronous, trailing edge is delayed time successively and drive signal.
The rising edge of input pulse charges to capacitor C 4 by diode D4, the charge circuit of this moment does not pass through resistance R 1, the voltage of capacitor C 4 rises very fast, even the benchmark comparative voltage of two voltage comparators is different, it is synchronous that the pulsed D rv1 after the modulation and the rising edge of Drv2 also can keep substantially.Trailing edge at input pulse, because the unilateral conduction of diode, capacitor C 4 can only be by resistance R 1 discharge, than the charge circuit when the rising edge, the velocity of discharge when trailing edge is slower, therefore there are certain time-delay in the output pulsed D rv1 after the modulation and the trailing edge of Drv2, thereby make this pulse modulated circuit realize having the pulse modulation function that rising edge is synchronous, trailing edge is delayed time successively, can control by the size of regulating RC constant or reference voltage the trailing edge delay time of its output signal.
Pulse modulated circuit of the present invention also can be done following further improvement:
Described pulse modulated circuit also comprises at least one voltage comparator Un, the in-phase input end of described voltage comparator Un is attempted by on the in-phase input end of voltage comparator U1 or voltage comparator U2, the inverting input access reference voltage V refn of described voltage comparator Un, and by the pulse drive signal Drvn after the pulse output end output modulation.
Described pulse modulated circuit also comprises pull-up resistor, connects pull-up resistor between the pulse output end of each voltage comparator and its operating voltage positive pole, is used for improving the driving force of circuit.
Than prior art, of the present invention have a following advantage:
(1) pulse modulated circuit of the synchronous trailing edge time-delay of rising edge of the present invention, can control by the size of the RC constant in the regulating circuit and reference voltage the trailing edge delay time of its output signal, be applicable to the Switching Power Supply of low-power high-voltage input, its stable performance can be satisfied the various occasion pulse modulation demands such as different topology, different switching frequency, different capacity grade and different crystal duct ligation electric capacity;
(2) it is simple in structure, can be used in conjunction with various common PWM control IC, and development cost and development difficulty reduce, and shorten the cycle of product development.
(3) implementation of circuit of the present invention is simple, components and parts are few, and is with low cost, and required all is the electronic devices and components of relatively commonly using on the market, can effectively avoid because in short supply and loss that bring simultaneously, also brings more convenience to the designer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of existing pair transistor three level anti exciting converters;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 3 is the pulse sequence figure before and after the embodiment of the invention one modulation;
Fig. 4 is the theory diagram that three level pair transistors instead swash that is applied to of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of embodiments of the invention two;
Fig. 6 is the circuit theory diagrams of embodiments of the invention three;
Fig. 7 is the circuit theory diagrams of embodiments of the invention four.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
Embodiments of the invention one as shown in Figure 4, three lever double tube is instead swashed main power circuit, feedback circuit, control IC and this pulse modulated circuit, isolated drive circuit connect and compose successively pair transistor three level anti exciting converters, wherein, pulse modulated circuit (as shown in Figure 2) the RC charging and discharging circuit, voltage comparator U1 and the voltage comparator U2 that comprise switching diode D6, formed by resistance R 1, capacitor C 4;
The positive pole of switching diode D6 is connected to the PWM output pin Drv of PWM control IC, input pulse, the negative pole of switching diode D6 is connected to the in-phase input end of voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2, resistance R 1 is attempted by between the both positive and negative polarity of diode D6, one end of capacitor C 4 is connected to the negative pole of diode D6, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 4; By the forward conduction characteristic of switching diode D6, at the rising edge of pulsed D rv, the switching diode forward conduction, to capacitor C 4 chargings, the voltage instantaneous of capacitor C 4 rises electric current by switching diode D6.
The inverting input of voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2 accesses respectively reference voltage V ref1 and reference voltage V ref2, the pulse output end of voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2 is exported respectively pulse drive signal Drv1 and the output pulsed D rv2 after the modulation, these two output pulse drive signal Drv1, Drv2 compares with input pulse, has rising edge synchronous, the characteristics that trailing edge is delayed time successively (such as Fig. 3), export pulse drive signal Drv1 and Drv2 to isolated drive circuit, directly drive three lever double tube by isolated drive circuit and instead swash switching transistor corresponding in the main power circuit, thereby control switch transistor Q1, Q4 turn-offs first, Q2, Q3 will be at Q1, Q4 closes the time-delay a period of time of having no progeny and just turn-offs, what make four switching transistors the highest withstand voltagely only is half of input voltage, thereby needn't adopt the high withstand voltage switching transistor of the high and difficult buying of price.
This pulse modulation method is as follows:
(1) by control IC circuit output pulse signal access pulse input end, pulse signal is connected to respectively the in-phase input end of voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2 by switching diode D6;
(2) reference voltage is accessed respectively the inverting input of corresponding each voltage comparator;
(3) resistance R 1 is attempted by the positive and negative end of switching diode D6, and capacitor C 4 one ends is connected to the negative pole of diode D6, with the other end ground connection of capacitor C 4, consist of the RC charging and discharging circuit;
(4) time and the reference voltage by the control break capacitor charge and discharge, thereby the time of delay of regulation voltage comparator output pulse trailing edge, make voltage comparator output have rising edge synchronously, the trailing edge pulse modulation of delaying time successively drives signal.
Wherein, in step (4), the process of the time of delay of regulation voltage comparator output pulse trailing edge can adopt following three kinds of schemes:
A. regulate R1, C4 and discharge and recharge the parameter of discharge loop, reference voltage V ref1, reference voltage V ref2's is big or small constant:
At first reference voltage V ref1, reference voltage V ref2 is set as fixing reference voltage, can pass through TL431, the devices such as LM317 are realized, such as Vref1=6V, Vref2=8V, this moment regulating resistance R1, the purpose of the size of capacitor C 4 is the fall time that changes capacitor C 4 both end voltage, R1, the time constant of C4 is larger, fall time is longer, the voltage drop at capacitor C 4 two ends is just longer to the needed time of turnover door voltage limit of voltage comparator, otherwise then shorter, the reference voltage V ref1 of this voltage and voltage comparator U1 and U2 inverting input, reference voltage V ref2 relatively after, voltage comparator output rising edge is synchronous, the pulse modulation that trailing edge postpones successively drives signal, exports the purpose of the time of delay of pulse trailing edge to reach the regulation voltage comparator.
B. regulate the size of reference voltage V ref1, reference voltage V ref2, the time constant that R1, C4 discharge and recharge discharge loop immobilizes:
At first set R1, C4 discharges and recharges time constant, be a fixed value fall time of capacitor C 4 both end voltage, this voltage is delivered to the in-phase input end of voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2, this moment is by regulating the size of reference voltage V ref1 and benchmark Vref2, can change the upset thresholding of voltage comparator output trailing edge, thereby change the voltage drop at capacitor C 4 two ends to the needed time of turnover door voltage limit of each voltage comparator, make voltage comparator output rising edge synchronous, the pulse modulation that trailing edge postpones successively drives signal, exports the purpose of the time of delay of pulse trailing edge to reach the regulation voltage comparator.
C. regulate simultaneously the time constant of R1, C4 charging and discharging circuit and the size of reference voltage, change simultaneously the fall time of C4 both end voltage and the upset thresholding of voltage comparator output trailing edge, thereby change the voltage drop at capacitor C 4 two ends to the needed time of turnover door voltage limit of each voltage comparator, realize that the output rising edge is synchronous, the pulse modulation that trailing edge postpones successively drives signal, exports the purpose of the time of delay of pulse trailing edge to reach the regulation voltage comparator.
The output of the pulse output end of each voltage comparator has the pulse drive signal that rising edge is synchronous, trailing edge is delayed time successively like this, and the pulse drive signal after will modulating is connected to isolated drive circuit; After amplifying, pulse drive signal isolation after will modulating by isolating amplifier circuit again directly drives corresponding switching transistor.
At the trailing edge of input pulse Drv, switching diode D6 oppositely ends; The effect of switching diode D6 is to realize allowing capacitance voltage rapidly increase to set point in the moment of pulsed D rv output rising edge, makes the output pulsed D rv1 of voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2, the rising edge basic synchronization of Drv2;
At the trailing edge of pulsed D rv, because the unilateral conduction of diode, capacitor C 4 can only be by resistance R 1 discharge, determined by the RC constant its discharge time, charge circuit during with rising edge is compared, and the velocity of discharge when trailing edge is slower, so the voltage drop time of capacitor C 4 is longer;
By regulating R1, the parameter of C4 discharge loop and the size of reference voltage V ref1, reference voltage V ref2, the output of voltage comparator can realize exporting the output pulse drive signal that rising edge is synchronous, trailing edge is delayed time, satisfying the various occasion pulse modulation demands such as different topology, different switching frequency, different capacity grade and different crystal duct ligation electric capacity, and can be used in conjunction with common PWM control IC.
Embodiment two
Be illustrated in figure 5 as the circuit theory diagrams of embodiments of the invention two, different from embodiment one is, between the pulse output end of voltage comparator U1, voltage comparator U2 and its corresponding operating voltage positive pole, connect pull-up resistor R2, R3, to improve the driving force of circuit.
Embodiment three
As shown in Figure 6, for further improving the present invention, on embodiment one basis, pulse modulated circuit of the present invention increases n (n=1,2 ...) individual voltage comparator, wherein, the in-phase input end of voltage comparator Un is attempted by on the in-phase input end of voltage comparator U1 or voltage comparator U2, the inverting input of voltage comparator Un accesses corresponding reference voltage V refn, and by the output pulsed D rvn after the pulse output end output modulation, it is synchronous that the output of each voltage comparator can realize exporting rising edge, the output pulse drive signal that trailing edge is delayed time successively, each output pulse exports isolated drive circuit to.
Embodiment four
Fig. 7 is embodiments of the invention four circuit theory diagrams, different from embodiment three is, between the pulse output end of each voltage comparator and its operating voltage positive pole, connect pull-up resistor, can both export and have under the pulse drive signal that the synchronous trailing edge of rising edge delays time successively guaranteeing each pulse output end, improve the driving force of circuit, with the pulse modulation of the occasions such as the various different topologys of further adaptation, different switching frequency, different capacity grade and different crystal duct ligation electric capacity.
Except the implementation circuit of above-mentioned explanation; all genus one of ordinary skill in the art are according to thought of the present invention; all will change in specific embodiments and applications; as by using the application schemes such as different PWM control IC, replacing main power circuit topological structure, adopting three lever double tube positive exciting converter etc., all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the pulse modulation method of a switching transistor driving signal is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the diode D6 that the pulse signal of inputting is connected through forward receives respectively the in-phase input end of at least two voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2;
(2) inverting input at each voltage comparator accesses respectively corresponding reference voltage;
(3) resistance R 1 is attempted by the anode and cathode two ends of diode D6, and capacitor C 4 one ends is connected to the negative electrode of diode D6, with the other end ground connection of capacitor C 4, consist of the RC charging and discharging circuit;
(4) pass through the time of delay that the regulation voltage comparator is exported the pulse trailing edge, make each voltage comparator output have pulse modulation driving signal synchronous with input pulse signal rising edge, that trailing edge is delayed time successively by its output order.
2. switching transistor according to claim 1 drives the pulse modulation method of signal, it is characterized in that: in the described step (4), the method of the time of delay of described regulation output pulse trailing edge is the time constant of regulating resistance R1, capacitor C 4 charging and discharging circuit, change the fall time of capacitor C 4 both end voltage, and the reference voltage size is constant, thereby changes the voltage drop at capacitor C 4 two ends to the needed time of turnover door voltage limit of voltage comparator.
3. switching transistor according to claim 1 drives the pulse modulation method of signal, it is characterized in that: in the described step (4), the method of the time of delay of described regulation voltage comparator output pulse trailing edge is for regulating the size of reference voltage, change the upset thresholding of voltage comparator output trailing edge, and the time constant of resistance R 1, capacitor C 4 charging and discharging circuit is constant, thereby changes the voltage drop at capacitor C 4 two ends to the needed time of turnover door voltage limit of each voltage comparator.
4. switching transistor according to claim 1 drives the pulse modulation method of signal, it is characterized in that: in the described step (4), the method of the time of delay of described regulation output pulse trailing edge is while regulating resistance R1, the time constant of capacitor C 4 charging and discharging circuit and the size of reference voltage, change simultaneously the fall time of C4 both end voltage and the upset thresholding of voltage comparator output trailing edge, thereby change the voltage drop at capacitor C 4 two ends to the needed time of turnover door voltage limit of each voltage comparator.
5. switching transistor according to claim 1 drives the pulse modulation method of signal, it is characterized in that: pull-up resistor is accessed between the pulse output end and operating voltage positive pole of each voltage comparator, be used for improving the driving force of circuit.
6. the pulse modulated circuit of a switching transistor driving signal is characterized in that: comprise diode D6, resistance R 1, capacitor C 4, voltage comparator U1, voltage comparator U2;
The anodic bonding input pulse of described diode D6, the negative electrode of diode D6 is connected to respectively the in-phase input end of voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2; Described resistance R 1 is attempted by between the anode and cathode of diode D6; One end of described capacitor C 4 is connected to the negative electrode of diode D6, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 4; The inverting input of described voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2 accesses respectively reference voltage V ref1 and reference voltage V ref2, the pulse output end of voltage comparator U1 and voltage comparator U2 is exported respectively pulse drive signal Drv1 and the pulse drive signal Drv2 after the modulation, by time and the reference voltage of control break capacitor charge and discharge, make each voltage comparator output have the pulse modulation that rising edge is synchronous, trailing edge is delayed time successively and drive signal;
Also comprise at least one voltage comparator Un, the in-phase input end of described voltage comparator Un is attempted by on the in-phase input end of voltage comparator U1 or voltage comparator U2, the inverting input access reference voltage V refn of described voltage comparator Un, and by the pulse drive signal Drvn after the pulse output end output modulation.
7. pulse modulated circuit according to claim 6 is characterized in that: also comprise pull-up resistor, connect pull-up resistor between the pulse output end of each voltage comparator and its operating voltage positive pole, be used for improving the driving force of circuit.
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| CN103546041A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-29 | 南京邮电大学 | Main circuit topology of three-level flyback converter |
| CN104967349A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-07 | 四川蜀旺科技有限公司 | Circuit capable of reducing loss of switch transistor and driving schedule method |
| CN108667453B (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2021-08-31 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | A low-power driver circuit with adjustable slew rate |
| CN114076932A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2022-02-22 | 上海禾赛科技有限公司 | Driving device and method for laser radar light-emitting device and laser radar |
| CN112737286A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-04-30 | 惠州市天宝创能科技有限公司 | Single-end-to-double-end driving circuit and adjusting method |
| CN113612393B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-06-30 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Power supply circuit, direct current power supply and photovoltaic system |
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