CN102130559A

CN102130559A - A five-phase permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor for electric vehicles with magnetic concentration effect

Info

Publication number: CN102130559A
Application number: CN2011100663951A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘国海; 陈前; 赵文祥; 龚文胜; 张多; 蒋彦
Original assignee: Jiangsu University
Current assignee: Jiangsu University
Priority date: 2011-03-18
Filing date: 2011-03-18
Publication date: 2011-07-20

Abstract

The invention discloses a five-phase permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor with a magnetic congregating effect for an electric vehicle. An outer rotor is arranged on a stator outer ring, armature teeth and fault-tolerant teeth are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the stator outer ring, permanent magnets are uniformly and radially embedded in the direction of the circumference in the outer rotor, a single-layer concentrated winding is wound on the armature teeth, radially opposite dipolar single-layer concentrated windings are serially connected to form one phase; total tooth quantity of the armature teeth and the fault-tolerant teeth is a multiple of 10 and is not equal to the quantity of permanent magnets, and the difference of the total tooth quantity of the armature teeth and the fault-tolerant teeth does not exceed +/-4; rotor grooves with same quantity as the permanent magnets are arranged on the outer rotor and positioned between each of the permanent magnets and the stator; and the width of the armature teeth is two times of that of the fault-tolerant teeth. The flux leakage of the permanent magnets is reduced while a magnetic-gathering effect is generated, the consumption of the permanent magnets is reduced, the motor cost is saved, the motor weight is reduced, and the reliability and the failure operation capacity of the motor is improved.

Description

A kind of used for electric vehicle five phase fault tolerant permanent magnet machines with poly-magnetic effect

Technical field

The present invention relates to electrician, motor, electric vehicle engineering field, refer in particular to a kind of five phase fault tolerant permanent magnet machines that are used for electric automobile.

Background technology

In recent years, use electric automobile to become one of approach that solves energy crisis and environmental pollution, drive motors is the core component of electric automobile, and the performance of drive motors is the crucial factor of decision electric automobile efficient and performance.

Along with the appearance of the permanent magnetic material of high energy product, magneto is used widely in military, industrial and agricultural production and daily life.Compare with traditional electro-magnetic motor, that magneto has is simple in structure, reliable, volume is little, light weight, loss is little, efficient is high, the shape and size of motor can be versatile and flexible etc. remarkable advantage, thereby magneto is that the ideal of driving motor for electric automobile is selected.Simultaneously, along with the appearance of the wheel hub motor with outer-rotor structure, the mechanical connection between motor and the wheel is successfully cancelled, and this has improved car load efficient and reliability greatly.Outer-rotor structure wheel hub magneto as shown in Figure 1, this motor outside is an external rotor 3, the centre is a stator 1, is armature tooth 4 between external rotor 3 and stator core 1, and this motor mechanism has big torque mass ratio, can provide bigger torque to reduce complete vehicle quality simultaneously, but this motor has following drawback: at first, because the permanent magnet 3 of this motor adopts surface-mount type, permanent magnet 3 is to be affixed on the inner surface of external rotor 2, make that the effective air gap of this motor is bigger, be difficult to realize weak-magnetic speed-regulating; Secondly, this motor adopts double-deck distributed winding 6, rationally arranging under the situation of winding span, though can realize the isolation of motor magnetic circuit, but different phase windings are distributed in the same groove, make this electric machine structure the phase fault phenomenon can occur inevitably, thereby greatly reduce the fault freedom of motor.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is for overcoming the deficiency of outer-rotor structure wheel hub motor in the above-mentioned prior art, a kind of used for electric vehicle five phase fault tolerant permanent magnet machines that can produce poly-magnetic effect are proposed, further improve its fault freedom, improve its reliability and the ability that operates with failure.

The technical solution used in the present invention is: comprise stator, external rotor, permanent magnet, armature tooth and fault-tolerant tooth, external rotor is located at the stator outer ring, armature tooth and fault-tolerant tooth circumferentially evenly distribute at interval along the stator outer ring, radially and equably embed permanent magnet on the circumferencial direction in the external rotor, be wound with individual layer on the armature tooth and concentrate winding, radially relative the two poles of the earth individual layer concentrates windings in series to become a phase; Total number of teeth of armature tooth and fault-tolerant tooth is 10 multiple, and the total number of teeth of armature tooth and fault-tolerant tooth and the quantity of permanent magnet are unequal, and the difference of total tooth amount of armature tooth and fault-tolerant tooth and permanent magnet quantity be no more than ± 4.

Further, external rotor is provided with the rotor identical with permanent magnet quantity, and rotor is between permanent magnet and stator.

Further, the width of armature tooth is the twice of fault-tolerant facewidth degree.

The present invention has following technique effect:

1, the present invention has high reliability and high power density, combines the advantage of external rotor electric machine and embedded permanent magnet motor effectively, torque mass ratio height, efficient height.Armature winding on the stator is centralized winding, and the end is short, and is easy for installation.Wheel can well gather together with external rotor, has saved traditional mechanical attachment.

2, have only a cover winding in each stator slot, the fault-tolerant tooth that does not have a winding also plays a part isolation simultaneously as flux circuit, has realized the isolation of circuit, magnetic circuit, temperature between phase and phase; When a certain phase of motor because when open circuit or short trouble take place, because fault-tolerant tooth makes that for armature winding provides magnetic loop the mutual inductance of motor is very little, be approximately zero, it is very little to other phase winding influences when certain phase winding breaks down, therefore realize the separate of magnetic circuit between every phase, improved the reliability of motor and the ability that operates with failure.

3, permanent magnet radially embeds on external rotor, closes on the one side fluting of air gap simultaneously at permanent magnet, makes that the leakage field of permanent magnet reduces when producing poly-magnetic effect, helps to reduce the consumption of permanent magnet, saves motor cost and reduces motor weight.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of outer-rotor structure wheel hub magneto in the background technology;

Fig. 2 is a structure diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is air gap flux density of the present invention and the close figure of stator magnet;

Fig. 4 is the unloaded back-emf figure of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the air gap flux density figure under the different rotor structure of the present invention;

Among Fig. 1-2: 1. stator; 2. external rotor; 3. permanent magnet; 4. armature tooth; 5. fault-tolerant tooth; 6. double-deck distributed winding; 7. individual layer is concentrated winding; 8. rotor.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 2, the present invention is the electric machine structure of a kind of five phases, external rotor, embedded permanent magnet, concentrates winding 7 to form by stator 1, external rotor 2, permanent magnet 3, armature tooth 4, fault-tolerant tooth 5 and individual layer.The iron core of stator 1 and external rotor 2 all adopts domestic D23 material punching commonly used to be overrided to form.

External rotor 2 is arranged at the outer ring of stator 1, armature tooth 4 and fault-tolerant tooth 5 are set between external rotor 2 and stator 1, armature tooth 4 and fault-tolerant tooth 5 circumferentially evenly distribute at interval along stator 1 outer ring, arrange at interval one by one each other between armature tooth 4 and the fault-tolerant tooth 5, and the width of armature tooth 4 is twices of fault-tolerant tooth 5 width.The circumferencial direction of permanent magnet 3 along external rotor 2 radially is embedded in the external rotor 2, during embedding, the circumferencial direction of permanent magnet 3 along external rotor 2 radially evenly distributed.Armature tooth 4 of the present invention and fault-tolerant tooth 5 total numbers of teeth are 10 multiple, and the total number of teeth of armature tooth 4 and fault-tolerant tooth 5 and the quantity of permanent magnet 3 are unequal, the difference of the total tooth amount of armature tooth 4 and fault-tolerant tooth 5 and the quantity of permanent magnet 3 is no more than ± and 4, making motor tooth portion magnetic close like this is the twice of air gap flux density, if it is close to go for same magnetic, the quantity of used permanent magnet 3 will reduce nearly one times, reduce the manufacturing cost of motor greatly, be particularly useful for the drive motors of the electric automobile of big torque, low cost, high reliability.

Be provided with the rotor 8 identical with permanent magnet 3 quantity on external rotor 2, rotor 8 promptly has rotor 8 on external rotor 2 and at permanent magnet 3 places near air gap between permanent magnet 3 and stator 1, can reduce the leakage field of permanent magnet 3.Individual layer concentrates winding 7 to be positioned in the corresponding stator slot and on armature tooth 4, do not concentrate winding 7 on the fault-tolerant tooth 5 around individual layer, like this, two adjacent individual layers are concentrated between the winding 7 and are isolated by fault-tolerant tooth 5, when being provided, plays flux circuit the effect of alternate physical isolation, enhancing magnetic circuit independence, have higher reliability and the ability that operates with failure, reduced torque pulsation.Individual layer is concentrated winding 7 to adopt and is concentrated winding, concentrates winding 7 series connection to constitute a phase radially relative individual layer, makes the present invention fundamentally avoid phase fault.Permanent magnet 3 is by the tangential direction excitation, and such structure guarantees that motor exports the weight that reduces car load under the situation of big torque.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the air gap flux density and the close figure of tooth portion magnetic of motor, the present invention is owing to radially embed permanent magnet 3 in the external rotor 2, and permanent magnet 3, armature tooth 4 and fault-tolerant tooth 5 adopt rational quantity, make that the magnetic flux in each armature tooth 4 and the fault-tolerant tooth 5 is produced by the permanent magnet 3 that is distributed in its both sides.As can be seen from Figure 3, air gap flux density only is 0.74 o'clock, and the magnetic of tooth portion is close to be more than 1.5, close being reinforced of magnetic of motor tooth portion, and motor has poly-magnetic effect, has reduced the consumption of permanent magnet 3, has helped saving the weight and the cost of motor.

Back-emf when accompanying drawing 4 is empty load of motor because armature tooth 4 width are designed to the twice of fault-tolerant tooth 5 width, makes the back-emf flat-top width of motor increase to some extent with the situation that armature tooth 4 and fault-tolerant tooth 5 width equate.The flat-top width that can obtain the back-emf of motor of the present invention from Fig. 4 has reached 144 °, makes this motor have high reliability and control characteristic easily, helps adopting simple control strategy.

Accompanying drawing 5 is whether motor of the present invention has the air gap flux density figure under rotor 8 situations at external rotor 2 places, because the present invention slots on external rotor 2, makes external rotor 2 form its special construction, helps reducing the leakage field of permanent magnet, improves the air gap flux density of motor.

Claims

1. A five-phase permanent-magnet fault-tolerant motor for electric vehicles with a magnetic concentration effect, including a stator (1), an outer rotor (2), a permanent magnet (3), an armature tooth (4) and a fault-tolerant tooth (5), The outer rotor (2) is set on the outer ring of the stator (1), and the armature teeth (4) and fault-tolerant teeth (5) are evenly distributed along the outer ring of the stator (1). Permanent magnets (3) are embedded radially and evenly in the circumferential direction, single-layer concentrated windings (7) are wound on the armature teeth (4), and the radially opposite two-pole single-layer concentrated windings (7) are connected in series to form one phase; The total number of teeth of pivot teeth (4) and fault-tolerant teeth (5) is a multiple of 10, the total number of teeth of armature teeth (4) and fault-tolerant teeth (5) is not equal to the number of permanent magnets (3), and the armature teeth ( 4) and the difference between the total tooth amount of the fault-tolerant teeth (5) and the number of permanent magnets (3) does not exceed ±4.

2. A five-phase permanent-magnet fault-tolerant motor for electric vehicles with a magnetic concentration effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer rotor (2) is provided with the same number of rotor slots as the permanent magnets (3) ( 8), the rotor slot (8) is located between the permanent magnet (3) and the stator (1).

3. A five-phase permanent-magnet fault-tolerant motor for electric vehicles with a magnetic concentration effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the width of the armature teeth (4) is twice the width of the fault-tolerant teeth (5).