CN102127554A - 一种日本脑炎颗粒疫苗及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于生物技术领域,涉及一种嵌合表达日本脑炎病毒多表位抗原的病毒样颗粒疫苗及其制备方法和应用。本发明涉及的疫苗抗原为嵌合表达日本脑炎病毒中和抗原表位和CTL抗原表位的乙肝病毒核心抗原自发装配而成的病毒样颗粒,通过大肠杆菌可溶性表达、纯化制备。日本脑炎病毒样颗粒抗原用生理盐水适当稀释或与免疫佐剂配伍后制成本发明所述的日本脑炎颗粒疫苗。动物试验表明,该疫苗安全高效,接种小鼠产生较高水平的日本脑炎病毒中和抗体,100%保护小鼠对日本脑炎强毒的攻击。<u/>
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种嵌合表达日本脑炎病毒多表位抗原的病毒样颗粒疫苗及其制备方法和应用,属于生物技术领域,专用于人和易感动物的日本脑炎的免疫预防。
背景技术
日本脑炎(Japanese Encephalitis, JE)是一种由日本脑炎病毒(Japanese Encephalitis Virus, JEV)引起的人畜共患虫媒传染病,人和马呈现脑炎症状,猪主要表现为繁殖障碍,其它动物大多隐性感染。该病主要发生于东南亚地区,我国是日本脑炎重要疫区之一,每年人类的发病数仅次于印度。近年来,随着全球气候变暖以及生态环境变化导致日本脑炎分布范围扩大、流行时间变长,危害程度日益增强。
日本脑炎病毒虽然存在5个基因型,但该病毒只有一个血清型。大量的研究表明体液免疫尤其是病原特异性中和抗体水平与人和动物的抗日本脑炎感染水平高度一致,细胞免疫水平决定了感染机体对该病毒的清除能力。
接种疫苗是疫区内人和易感动物预防日本脑炎的重要措施之一。商品化应用的日本 脑炎疫苗有两种,一种为日本脑炎灭活疫苗,早期为鼠脑纯化病毒灭活疫苗,少数人应用后有负反应,近来改用中国仓鼠肾细胞(BHK21)或非洲绿猴肾细胞(VERO)为生产基质,一般需要接种2至3次;另一种为日本脑炎弱毒活疫苗,由我国生物制品检定所研制,毒株为JEV SA14-14-2,该疫苗一次免疫接种即可产生较好的免疫保护效果,但由于日本脑炎疫苗弱毒存在潜在毒力反强风险,世界卫生组织至今没有批准该疫苗在全球广泛应用。
基因工程亚单位疫苗由于安全性好、受母源抗体干扰小、能够配套试剂盒区分疫苗免疫和野毒感染等优点具有广阔的应用前景。然而基因工程亚单位抗原免疫原性相对较弱、抗体应答慢,为了更好的激发机体的免疫系统,使其对日本脑炎病毒有足够的抵抗力,有必要寻求安全高效的方法提高基因工程亚单位疫苗的免疫效果。
病毒样颗粒(Virus-like particle, VLP)是由病毒结构蛋白自行装配而成的高度结构化的蛋白颗粒,缺乏病毒核酸,无感染性。一些VLP表面能够重复高密度展示外源抗原表位,从而诱导针对外源抗原表位高效免疫应答。近来的研究表明,一些VLP能有效通过MHC I类和MHC II类途径递呈抗原,诱导CTL细胞应答,激发Th1和Th2型免疫反应,一些病毒的VLP 可诱导树突状细胞和单核巨嗜细胞群在体内外的成熟和细胞因子的表达。因此,应用嵌合病毒样颗粒抗原制备疫苗具有安全高效的特点。
人类乙肝病毒的核心抗原(HBc)在病毒感染过程能够自发组装成病毒样颗粒,包裹病毒的核酸。HBc自发形成的病毒样颗粒有两种大小,分别为由180个和240和单体核心抗原组成的二十面体。HBc全长为183 Aa,其中75-82Aa为抗原显现区,展示病毒样粒子表面,构成中间穗状区。HBc 的C末端39个Aa富含精氨酸,具有结合包装病毒核酸的功能,去除后不影响HBc形成病毒样颗粒。截断的HBc(1-149Aa)能在大肠杆菌中高效表达,并自主装配成病毒样颗粒,HBc(1-149Aa)HBc的中间穗状区和截断的C末段都暴露在病毒粒子的表面,这些区域可融合表达外源的抗原表位[Birkett A, Lyons K, Schmidt A, et al. A modified hepatitis B virus core particle containing multiple epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein provides a highly immunogenic malaria vaccine in preclinical analyses in rodent and primate hosts. Infect Immun 2002;70(12):6860–6870. [PubMed: 12438363]。一些融合外源B细胞抗原表位或T细胞抗原表位的HBc仍可组装成嵌合VLP,诱导免疫动物产生强烈的免疫应答,尤其是在HBc分子中间的穗状区插入的外源抗原表位诱导的免疫效果最佳。作为一种新型的抗原表位递呈系统,HBc-VLP已被成功用于艾滋病、丙型肝炎以及疟疾新型疫苗的研制,有的已进入临床二期研究。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种新型的日本脑炎颗粒疫苗。该疫苗安全高效,不含感染性病毒核酸,抗原纯度高,能够快速诱导接种机体产生抗日本脑炎病毒感染的保护性免疫应答。用于人和易感动物对日本脑炎的免疫预防,安全、高效的预防日本脑炎的发生。
技术方案
本发明提供了一种用于预防日本脑炎的病毒样颗粒疫苗,该疫苗的抗原成份为嵌合JEV 中和抗原表位和CTL抗原表位的乙肝病毒核心抗原自主装配的病毒样颗粒,通过大肠杆菌可溶性表达、纯化制备。日本脑炎病毒样颗粒抗原用生理盐水适当稀释或与免疫佐剂配伍后制成本发明所述的日本脑炎颗粒疫苗。
有益效果
日本脑炎颗粒疫苗接种小鼠后快速诱导产生病原特异性中和抗体,二免2周后小鼠获得对致死剂量日本脑炎病毒攻击的抵抗力,并显示出较强的免疫记忆,病原特异性中和抗体水平显著升高,100%保护小鼠对日本脑炎强毒的攻击。
附图说明
图1. 表达载体PET-28a-VLP-con 构建示意图
图2. 表达载体PET-28a-VLP-JEV 构建示意图
图3. HBV核心抗原(A:VLP-con)电镜照片(×150,000倍)
图4嵌合表达日本脑炎病毒表位抗原的病毒样颗粒(B:VLP-JEV)电镜照片(×150,000倍)
图5. 日本脑炎颗粒疫苗接种小鼠产生的抗日本脑炎病毒EDIII蛋白抗体水平
图6. 日本脑炎颗粒疫苗接种小鼠产生的抗日本脑炎病毒抗体水平
图7. 日本脑炎颗粒疫苗接种小鼠产生的中和抗体水平
图8. 日本脑炎颗粒疫苗接种小鼠的攻毒保护情况。
具体实施方式
本具体实施方式涉及的实验方法或步骤,参照《分子克隆实验指南》(第二版)1~60页、672~681页和822~847页。
实施例1
一、乙肝病毒核心抗原骨架蛋白(HBc-con)原核表达载体PET28a-VLP-Con的构建
参照GenBank数据库中乙肝病毒基因序列(AY707087.1)人工设计合成乙肝病毒核心抗原骨架蛋白(HBc-con)编码基因(其核苷酸序列为Seq NO.3)。与乙肝病毒核心抗原1-149Aa的编码基因相比,HBc-con编码基因在231位和238位有2个人工构建的酶切位点BamH I 和EcoR I,HBc-con在HBc第78位和79位Aa 插入四个氨基酸PEFS;在乙肝病毒核心抗原骨架蛋白(HBc-con)编码基因的两端分别添加Nco I 和 Xho I 位点,以便乙肝病毒核心抗原骨架蛋白(HBc-con)编码基因导入PET-28a载体;乙肝病毒核心抗原骨架蛋白(HBc-con)编码基因没有带终止密码子,以便利用PET-28a表达盒下游的his标签。乙肝病毒核心抗原骨架蛋白(HBc-con)编码基因经Nco I 和 Xho I位点导入PET-28a,获得乙肝病毒核心抗原骨架蛋白(HBc-con)原核表达载体,命名为PET28a-VLP-Con,测序结果表明与设计一致。
二、嵌合日本脑炎病毒抗原表位的病毒样颗粒抗原(VLP-JEV)原核表达载体PET28a-VLP-JEV的构建
设计三对引物,通过重组PCR方法、酶切和连接的方法分别将日本脑炎病毒 E蛋白上的两个中和抗原表位和一个CTL抗原表位导入HBc骨架蛋白。两个中和抗原表位“ 327 SYSGSDGPCKI 337 ”[Wu S-C, Lin C-W. Neutralizing peptide ligands selected from phage-displayed libraries mimic the conformational epitope on domain III of the Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein. Virus Res 2001;76:59-69.]和“ 384 VVGRGDKQI 392 ”[Seif, S. A., Morita, K., Matsuo, S., Hasebe, F. and Igarashi, A., Finer mapping of neutralizing epitope(s) on the C-terminal of Japanese encephalitis virus E-protein expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli system. Vaccine 1995. 13: 1515-1521.] 展示在HBc的抗原中间穗状区,即HBc第78位和79位Aa之间,CTL抗原表位“ 60 CYHASVTDI 68 ”[Takada, K., Masaki, H., Konishi, E., Takahashi, M. and Kurane, I., Definition of an epitope on Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) envelope protein recognized by JEV-specific murine CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Arch Virol 2000. 145: 523-534.] 插入HBc的C末段。
P1: 5`- CGATCCATGGACATTGACCCTT -3` Nco I 见seq NO.4
P2:5`-TCTGGATCCTCGATTTTGCACGGGCCATCGCTGCCGCTATAGCTCAAGTTATTACCCAC-3` BamH I见seq NO.5
P3: 5`-ATAGAATTCGTGGTGGGCCGTGGCGATAAACAGATCTCCCCAGCATCTAGG -3` EcoR I见seq NO6
P4: 5`- CAACTCGAGAACCACAGTAGTTTCC -3` Xho I见seq NO.7
P5: 5`- CGATCCATGGACATTGACCCTT -3` Nco I见seq NO.8
P6: 5`-CAACTCGAGGATATCGGTCACGCTCGCATGATAGCAAACCACAGTAGTTTCC-3` Xho I见seq NO.9
P1和P2引入JEV中和抗原表位“327SYSGSDGPCKI337”; 见seq NO.10
P3和P4引入JEV中和抗原表位“384VVGRGDKQI392”; 见seq NO11
P5和P6 引入JEV CTL抗原表位“60 CYHASVTDI 68”。 见seq NO.12。
所述的PCR的条件均为94℃、5min;94℃、30sec,50℃、30sec, 72℃、30sec, 30个循环;72℃、7 min。
重组基因经Nco I 和 Xho I位点导入PET-28a,获得嵌合日本脑炎病毒抗原表位的病毒样颗粒抗原(VLP-JEV)原核表达载体,命名为PET28a-VLP-JEV,经测序验证正确。
三、日本脑炎颗粒抗原在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达与纯化
将PET28a-VLP-Con和PET28a-VLP-JEV转化大肠杆菌(BL21 DE3),将阳性菌株在LB培养基中37℃培养至细菌浓度为OD600≈0.4,然后在18~20℃环境中用终浓度为 0.1mM异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达12h~15h。离心收集菌体,超声波裂解,将大肠杆菌裂解液上清12000rpm离心30分钟后,用终浓度为20%的硫酸胺沉淀颗粒抗原、生理盐水溶解后0.22μm过滤,应用Sepharose CL-4B分子筛层析纯化,获得颗粒抗原,其氨基酸序列为Seq NO.1、核苷酸序列为Seq NO.2。HBc-con和VLP-JEV能在大肠杆菌中高效可溶性表达,并自主装配成病毒样颗粒(图1)
四、日本脑炎颗粒疫苗小鼠免疫保护试验
试验方案
6周龄BALB/C小鼠,分为5组,每组5只,分别免疫接种生理盐水稀释的VLP-Con、VLP-JEV以及ISA206佐剂乳化VLP-JEV,每只小鼠免疫的颗粒抗原含量均为50μg;商品疫苗对照组为猪用日本脑炎弱毒疫苗(武汉科前兽医生物制品有限公司),每只小鼠接种1/10猪用剂量;空白对照每只小鼠接种100μL生理盐水。首免后2周加强免疫一次,各组疫苗种类与剂量与初免相同。二免后2周免疫小鼠用10倍半数致死剂量(LD50)的日本脑炎强毒(JEV NJ08株)脑内接种攻毒,观察3周。免疫接种前、首免后1周、二免后1周及攻毒后1周分别眼眶静脉采血,分离血清检测抗体。ELISA抗体的检测采用纯化的重组ED3蛋白为包被抗原。中和抗体的检测采用病毒(JEV SA14-14-2)空斑减少试验,将病毒空斑减少50%的最大血清稀释系数定义为中和抗体效价,每组取3个样品测定。
试验结果
ELISA抗体
无佐剂的日本脑炎颗粒疫苗和配伍ISA206佐剂的日本脑炎颗粒疫苗免疫小鼠均产生了针对重组日本脑炎病毒ED3抗原和日本脑炎病毒的抗体反应(图2和图3)。初次免疫接种后1周,免疫无佐剂的日本脑炎颗粒疫苗组小鼠产生的日本脑炎抗体水平略高于与ISA206佐剂的日本脑炎颗粒疫苗,但二免后1周佐剂组日本脑炎抗体水平高于无佐剂组。日本脑炎颗粒疫苗免疫小鼠产生的针对ED3抗原的抗体水平与日本脑炎商品化疫苗相近,但针对全病毒的抗体水平颗粒疫苗低于商品化疫苗,推测日本脑炎病毒存在其它的显性抗原表位。
中和抗体
接种日本脑炎颗粒疫苗和商品化弱毒疫苗小鼠均产生了日本脑炎病毒中和抗体(图4),二免后1周应用ISA206佐剂的日本脑炎颗粒疫苗免疫小鼠的中和抗体滴度为1:40,与商品化疫苗相近,无佐剂日本脑炎颗粒疫苗组小鼠的中和抗体稍低,为1:20。日本脑炎颗粒疫苗接种小鼠在攻毒后一周病毒特异中和抗体水平均有显著提高,表明日本脑炎 颗粒疫苗能诱导较强的免疫记忆反应。
攻毒保护
小鼠攻毒保护试验结果(图5)显示接种ISA206佐剂日本脑炎颗粒疫苗和商品化弱毒疫苗小鼠用10倍LD50的日本脑炎病毒强毒(JEV NJ08株)攻毒后均没有死亡,100%免疫保护;无佐剂日本脑炎颗粒疫苗免疫组小鼠的存活率为70%;接种无日本脑炎抗原表位的颗粒抗原组小鼠全部死亡。日本脑炎颗粒疫苗能够诱导小鼠产生良好的免疫保护,添加ISA206佐剂日本脑炎颗粒疫苗的免疫保护效果优于无佐剂日本脑炎颗粒疫苗,与商品化弱毒疫苗相似,这与疫苗接种后诱导的日本脑炎特异性中和抗体水平较为一致。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 南京农业大学
<120> 一种日本脑炎颗粒疫苗及其制备方法和应用
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Claims (5)
1.一种日本脑炎颗粒疫苗,其特征在于其氨酸酸序列为Seq NO.1。
2.一种日本脑炎颗粒疫苗,其特征在于其核苷酸序列为SeqNO.2。
3.一种日本脑炎颗粒疫苗的制备方法,其特征在于由日本脑炎病毒两个中和抗原表位和一个CTL抗原表位分别通过基因重组技术展示在乙肝病毒核心抗原1-149Aa的中间穗状区和C末段制备获得;
其具体步骤如下:
(1)通过重组PCR的方法或全基因合成方法将日本脑炎病毒囊膜蛋白的中和抗原表位“327SYSGSDGPCKI337”和“384VVGRGDKQI392”的编码基因插入乙肝病毒核心抗原1-149Aa的中间穗状区第78位和79位Aa之间,将日本脑炎病毒囊膜蛋白的CTL抗原表位“60 CYHASVTDI 68” 的编码基因插入乙肝病毒核心抗原1-149Aa编码基因C末段;
(2)将上述基因插入原核表达载体,并转化大肠杆菌,诱导表达,通过westen-Blot 鉴定获得日本脑炎病毒抗原表位的重组蛋白,通过大肠杆菌裂解上清的电镜观察鉴定表达抗原形成病毒样颗粒;
(3)阳性菌株20℃诱导培养16~18小时,离心收集菌体,用生理盐水稀释为10g/L;超声波裂解破碎菌体,12000rpm离心10分钟收集上清液;用浓度为20%的硫酸胺沉淀蛋白,用0.01M pH7.2 的PBS溶解沉淀,0.22μm滤膜过滤后应用Sepharose CL-4B层析柱纯化病毒样颗粒抗原,其氨基酸序列为Seq NO.1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种日本脑炎颗粒疫苗的制备方法,其特征在于所述的嵌合日本脑炎抗原表位的乙肝病毒核心抗原在大肠杆菌中低温可溶性表达时能自发形成病毒样颗粒。
5.一种日本脑炎颗粒疫苗的应用,其特征在于将日本脑炎颗粒疫苗用适量生理盐水稀释或与免疫佐剂配伍,用于人或易感动物日本脑炎的免疫预防。
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