The hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of column type hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrode structure.
Background technology:
21st century is the century of energy scarcity, the rationally efficient utilization of the exploitation of novel energy, the existing energy has been become the theme of development in this century.At present, fossil energies such as the oil that the mankind depend on for existence, natural gas and coal reduce day by day, and what replace will be renewable resources such as Hydrogen Energy, solar energy and wind energy.Simultaneously,, both wasted the energy, also environment had been caused severe contamination, to become the major issue that must solve this century because the inefficient combustion of existing resource (as oil, natural gas and coal) is used.
Fuel cell (Fuel Cells) is a kind of electrochemical Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), and it can directly be converted into electric energy with chemical energy.Therefore it be not subjected to the restriction of Carnot cycle without the overheated machine process.Energy conversion efficiency height (40%-60%); Environmental friendliness is discharged nitrogen oxide and oxysulfide hardly; Emission amount of carbon dioxide also reduces more than 40% than conventional power generation usage factory.Just because of these outstanding superiority, the research and development of fuel cell technology enjoys the attention of national governments and major company, is considered to the cleaning of 21 century first-selection, generation technology efficiently, becomes everybody and researches and develops focus.
According to electrolytical difference, fuel cell (FC) is divided into Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) altogether, alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid shape fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) six big classes.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) except that having the general characteristics of fuel cell (as energy transformation efficiency height, environmental friendliness etc.), also have simultaneously can start fast in room temperature, outstanding features such as no electrolyte loss, water are easily discharged, the life-span long, specific power and energy height.Therefore, it not only is used for building the dispersion power station, and the also suitable especially removable power source that is used as is executed electric motor car and do not relied on one of ideal candidates power supply of air push submarine, is the general a kind of novel removable power sources of military and civilian.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is through years of development, its each side technology reaches its maturity, at present near commercialization, the main aspect of research is still around flat fuel cell, and the kind of market upper flat plate formula fuel cell is also a lot, but this employing is by bipolar plates, the flat fuel cell that membrane electrode and catalyst are formed, not only the battery cost is very high, also have a lot of shortcomings: the battery volume is big, weight is big, and the sealing difficulty is installed loaded down with trivial details, because the runner of bipolar plates is narrow, management brings a lot of difficulties for hydro-thermal, loses water balance in the battery, cause battery operated voltage sharply to descend, influence the efficient and the life-span of battery.The operation of pile needs ancillary equipment such as pump, gas cylinder, air compressor machine, is used for the conveying of fuel and shifting out of product, makes the pile system huge, and volumetric specific power and quality reduce than power.
Deficiency at flat fuel cell, the researcher has proposed to design the PEMFC of other structure, as make the conception of tubular fuel cell (need not with the bipolar plates in flow field), to reach the ancillary equipment of simplifying battery, improve volume of battery specific power and quality than power, reduction cost of manufacture, shortening manufacturing cycle, satisfy the load instructions for use that volume is little, in light weight, power requirement is not high, accelerate PEMFC fuel cell commercialization paces.
In order to make the tubulose proton exchange model fuel cell performance of preparing to reach flat fuel cell, the researcher has carried out a large amount of research to the battery of fuel tube, common tubulose proton exchange model fuel cell monomer, comprise membrane electrode (MEA) assembly, it has the electrolytic thin-membrane of the hollow shape of forming and is arranged on the catalyst layer on the outside in the electrolytic thin-membrane.In cell, react, for example, when inboard hydrogen supply to membrane-electrode assemblies, and when oxygen is supplied with in the outside of membrane-electrode assemblies, collect by the current-collector on the interior outside that is arranged on MEA respectively by the electric power that the electricity reaction produces, output to the outside then.Be arranged on that current-collector is called on the membrane electrode assembly inboard " interior current-collector ", and the current-collector that is arranged on the membrane electrode assembly outside is called " outer current-collector ".That is, in the tubulose proton exchange model fuel cell, by supplying with a kind of reacting gas (for example hydrogen) to the inboard of membrane-electrode assemblies, and supply with another kind of reacting gas (for example oxygen) to the outside of membrane-electrode assemblies and generate electricity.Therefore, in the tubulose proton exchange model fuel cell, the outer surface of two or more cells is exposed in the reacting gas that supplies to public space, thereby different with the situation of flat proton exchange model fuel cell, the tubulose proton exchange model fuel cell can make compactness dimensionally.
Also some researcher works out tubular fuel cell at present, for example, Yu Rujun adopts catalyst is sprayed on the Nafion115, then the cathode and anode diffusion layer is wound on the metal bar, adopt crooked heat pressing process, carry out hot pressing with two semicircle moulds and obtained the tubular film electrode; The stainless steel metal antipriming pipe is adopted in the interior support of anode diffusion layer, is used for the storage and the runner of methanol solution; The membrane electrode outside adopts stainless steel spring to be fixed on cathode diffusion layer, obtained the air self-breathing direct methanol fuel cell (Direct methanol fuel cell, DMFC).But above method complex manufacturing technology particularly can't solve the tight contact problems between pole plate and the composite membrane.
For planar cells, by the outside corrosion resistant plate, adopt screw bolt and nut, screw the nut method and make combining closely between membrane electrode, negative electrode, the anode.And general cylindrical employing wound form method can't solve the tight contact problems between membrane electrode, negative electrode, the anode.Particularly reaction is expanded after producing water, makes and more is prone to the gap between film and electrode, can reduce battery performance greatly.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rational in infrastructure, assembling is simple, composite membrane, anode, negative electrode can be combined closely, air-tightness is good hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell be with the cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering is characterized in that: from inside to outside be followed successively by anode, composite membrane, negative electrode composition respectively, what contact with hydrogen is anode, and what contact with air is negative electrode; Composite membrane is made up of proton exchange membrane, Catalytic Layer, diffusion layer, and there is out splice going splice at the positive plate place, and the sealing ring with anode out splice going splice and composite membrane and cathode isolation is set at anode out splice going splice place, and the bottom of negative electrode is the negative electrode out splice going splice; Anode is tapered, and composite membrane is the taper with the anode taper fit, and negative electrode is a hollow tube, and the outer surface of negative electrode hollow tube is cylindrical, and the endoporus of negative electrode hollow tube is the taper hole form identical with the negative electrode tapering.
The tapering of anode is 1:50.
Anode is the tubular form of hollow, and hollow space is the hydrogen passage.
The anode tube wall is open texture or has uniform small through hole, to allow hydrogen pass through.
Anode is solid clava, is provided with helicla flute or grid groove by hydrogen, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm in the clava periphery.
Have equally distributed small through hole on the negative electrode tube wall, to allow air arrive composite membrane.
Have helicla flute or grid groove on the negative electrode inner surface of tube wall, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm is to allow air oxygen arrive composite membrane.
The present invention is rational in infrastructure, because tapering has been arranged, so contact tightly, anti-leakage strengthens between composite membrane and anode, the negative electrode; Hot pressing grinding tool and heat pressing process are simple, and manufacture difficulty is low; Anode adopts porous graphite, need not be with the flow field bipolar plates, low cost of manufacture; Area of dissipation is big, and radiating rate is fast, and adjustment is convenient; Convenient disassembly during the assembled battery group helps maintenance and changes assembly; Be widely used, can be applied to notebook computer, electric bicycle, electronic toy etc.
What anode of the present invention adopted is to have the poor solid graphite rod of helical form or the graphite rod of netted shape groove, or has the graphite conical tube of many small through hole on the tube wall.Hydrogen flows through from graphite-pipe, hydrogen permeate graphite (graphite cast) or from small through hole by (the graphite tube wall has many small through hole types); Or flow through from the runner (graphite rod has helicla flute and netted grooved) of tube wall external-open; And oxygen in the air that feeds with outermost layer (negative electrode) issues biochemical reaction at catalyst action, produces electric energy.This device encapsulating method uniqueness, the existing relatively cylindrical fuel battery of hydrogen, the carrier of oxygen has improvement greatly.
Description of drawings:
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the configuration diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the cross sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is that profile is that cone and appearance have spiral fluted anode construction diagrammatic sketch.
Fig. 4 is that profile is cylindrical, and endoporus is a taper hole, and has spiral fluted cathode construction diagrammatic sketch.
Fig. 5 is that negative electrode is tubular body and the configuration diagram when having small through hole.
Fig. 6 is the profile of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the configuration diagram of embodiment 2.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell from inside to outside is followed successively by anode 2, composite membrane 3, negative electrode 4 compositions respectively with the cylindrical membrane electrode of band tapering, and what contact with hydrogen is anode, and what contact with air is negative electrode; Composite membrane is made up of proton exchange membrane (Nafion film) (comprising catalyst layer, diffusion layer), there is out splice going splice 1 at the positive plate place, sealing ring 6 with anode out splice going splice and composite membrane and cathode isolation is set at anode out splice going splice place, the bottom of negative electrode is a negative electrode out splice going splice 5, and is provided with sealing ring 7; 6,7 sealing rings at two ends have the import and export of hydrogen and oxygen, and respectively with the channel connection of anode and negative electrode.
8 is the proton exchange membrane joint among the figure, and 9 are negative contact.Anode is tapered, and composite membrane is the taper with the anode taper fit, and negative electrode is a hollow tube, and the outer surface of negative electrode hollow tube is cylindrical, and the endoporus of negative electrode hollow tube is the taper hole form identical with the negative electrode tapering.The tapering of anode is 1:50, can be in positive and negative 5 ° of scopes.
Anode is the tubular form of hollow, and hollow space is the hydrogen passage.Can adopt loose solid tube wall, or tube wall is provided with the hydrogen through hole of net distribution.Have equally distributed small through hole 10 on the negative electrode tube wall.
Anode and negative electrode processing method: the employing machining of graphite material.Also can adopt graphite/polymer composites, with formed in mould method manufacturing, have efficiently when adopting mould molding to make, characteristics cheaply.
Assembly method: the composite membrane of making tapered tube shape is put between the inner and outer pipe, and again with the inner and outer pipe compacting, because taper fit is arranged, the energy compacting reaches close-fitting purpose.
Embodiment 2:
Anode is solid clava, is provided with helicla flute or grid groove by hydrogen, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm in the clava periphery.
Have helicla flute or grid groove on the negative electrode inner surface of tube wall, groove width 1-3mm, groove depth 0.5-2mm.All the other are with embodiment 1.
The sealing ring at two ends has the import and export of hydrogen and oxygen, and respectively with the channel connection of anode and negative electrode.