CN102114561B - Method of pre-copper-plated induction welding-brazing of aluminum-steel stud bolt - Google Patents
Method of pre-copper-plated induction welding-brazing of aluminum-steel stud bolt Download PDFInfo
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- CN102114561B CN102114561B CN 200910264152 CN200910264152A CN102114561B CN 102114561 B CN102114561 B CN 102114561B CN 200910264152 CN200910264152 CN 200910264152 CN 200910264152 A CN200910264152 A CN 200910264152A CN 102114561 B CN102114561 B CN 102114561B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铝-钢螺柱预镀铜感应熔钎焊方法，包括以下步骤：步骤1、将钢螺柱加工成平底无螺帽式样并对其一端浸镀铜；步骤2、对铝母材表面及钎料进行化学清洗；步骤3、将铝母材表面及钎料用酒精清洗，快速吹干，在母材表面涂覆一层钎焊保护剂；步骤4、将铝母材水平放置，将钢螺柱的镀铜端垂直放置在铝母材上并对其施加垂直向下的压力，之后在二者接触面上填充充足的清洗后的钎料；步骤5、在钢螺柱的镀铜端与铝母材的接触位置上放置与螺柱配套的陶瓷环，并在陶瓷环内填充钎料；步骤6、将感应加热线圈套在螺柱焊接端，并对其加热，完成焊接。本发明可实现中小直径的钢螺柱与铝母材的焊接，对板厚适用范围广。
The invention discloses an aluminum-steel stud pre-plating copper-plating induction melting brazing method, comprising the following steps: step 1, processing the steel stud into a flat-bottomed nutless style and dipping copper on one end thereof; step 2, The surface of the aluminum base material and the solder are chemically cleaned; step 3, the surface of the aluminum base material and the solder are cleaned with alcohol, dried quickly, and a layer of brazing protective agent is applied on the surface of the base metal; step 4, the aluminum base material Place it horizontally, place the copper-plated end of the steel stud vertically on the aluminum base material and apply vertical downward pressure on it, and then fill the contact surface of the two with sufficient cleaned solder; step 5, on the steel stud Place a ceramic ring matching the stud on the contact position between the copper-plated end of the column and the aluminum base material, and fill the ceramic ring with solder; step 6, put the induction heating coil on the welding end of the stud, and heat it, Welding is done. The invention can realize the welding of steel studs with medium and small diameters and aluminum base material, and has a wide application range for plate thickness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solder technology of weldable steel double-screw bolt on alloy matrix aluminum, particularly the welding method of the pre-copper-plated steel double-screw bolt in a kind of surface on aluminum mother plate.
Background technology
The welding of application steel double-screw bolt and aluminum mother plate is all arranged in auto industry, hull cabin, petrochemical industry, atomic energy, bridge and other fields.Arc stud welding is the method for workpiece that metallic stud or other similar securing members are welded to.For the steel stud welding, to the steel mother metal, traditional arc stud welding process is unusual maturation.In view of the inherent characteristics of steel aluminum dissimilar metal material welding, by the steel stud welding to the method that is not suitable for adopting electric arc stud welding on aluminum mother plate.
Although the welding of steel aluminum dissimilar metal has developed into a stage of ripeness as a difficulties of welding field, but effectively welding method is but got rid of melting welding outside the welding method, nonetheless welding fabrication is good, and the fidelity factor of the weldment that weld strength is large is still lower.Using the steel stud welding to aluminum mother plate as a kind of Type of Welding of special steel aluminum dissimilar metal, the main method of molten soldering that adopts is welded, the subject matter that welding exists has: 1. how effectively to remove the oxide-film on aluminum mother plate surface and prevent that its secondary from generating, because aluminium alloy belongs to very active metal, even before weldering,, through Chemical cleaning, surface also can generate the oxide-film of one deck densification.In welding process, oxide-film can not obtain timely fragmentation, and weld pool solidifies rear oxidation film forms obstruct between double-screw bolt and mother metal, has a strong impact on strength of joint.In addition, easily produce secondary oxidation in welding process, produce the defects such as oxide inclusion, pore in joint; 2. the aluminium liquid that how to make to melt can infiltrate the surface of steel double-screw bolt well, and this can make aluminium liquid and the more large-area metallurgical binding of double-screw bolt; 3. the THICKNESS CONTROL of the intermetallic compounds layer how steel aluminium generated in welding process one among a small circle in, facts have proved that thickness when intermetallic compounds layer is in below ten microns, the mechanical property of joint is considerable.At present due to Equipment, cause the weldment welding of some shape to be difficult to implement steel arc stud welding to the main method TIG/MIG arc brazing of aluminum mother plate and the quality of weld seam also poor.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of and makes the steel double-screw bolt and aluminum mother plate fusion rate is high, bond strength reaches the pre-copper facing of the Al-steel double-screw bolt of aluminum mother plate intensity more than 70% induction melt-brazing method.
The technical solution that realizes the object of the invention is: the pre-copper facing induction of a kind of aluminium-steel double-screw bolt melt-brazing method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the steel double-screw bolt is processed into flat without the nut style and to one end immersion plating copper;
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage: 1) can obtain better weldquality; 2) simple to operate, efficiency obviously improves; 3) be easy to realize Automation of Welding; 4) can realize the steel double-screw bolt of medium-small diameter and the welding of aluminum mother plate, applied widely to thickness of slab, realize between steel double-screw bolt and aluminum mother plate that non-oxidation is mingled with, the high-quality welded joint of the defect such as lack of penetration, incomplete fusion.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the pre-copper facing induction of aluminium-steel double-screw bolt melt-brazing method.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the pre-copper facing induction of aluminium-steel double-screw bolt melt-brazing method.
The device of number in the figure representative is: 1--solder and brazing flux; The 2--induction coil; The 3--double-screw bolt; The 4--pressure apparatus; The 5--ceramic ring; The 6--aluminum mother plate.
The specific embodiment
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the pre-copper facing induction of a kind of aluminium of the present invention-steel double-screw bolt melt-brazing method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the steel double-screw bolt is processed into flat without the nut style and to one end immersion plating copper;
In brief, subordinate's step that method of the present invention comprises:
Step 1: before weldering, with NaOH solution, clean mother metal surface and solder; Step 2: with mixed liquor etch aluminum mother metal surface and the solder of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid; Step 3: the aluminum mother plate surface is cleaned with alcohol, dried up fast, on the mother metal surface, apply one deck fluoride flux K
3alF
6-K
3alF
4; Step 4: the steel double-screw bolt that with fixture, will be coated with copper is fixed on the surface of aluminum mother plate and puts one and the supporting ceramic ring of double-screw bolt at the welding ends of double-screw bolt, (concrete formula is: 10% Si to add appropriate self-control solder between ceramic ring and aluminum mother plate, 0.5% iron, 0.1% Cu, 0.3% Zn, 0.1% Mn, 0.1% La, be less than 0.1% Mg, all the other are Al); Step 5: regulate induction generator, make power supply output impedance approximate greatly the input impedance of coil, realize optimal power conversion, high-frequency induction heating apparatus is heated to the welding ends of steel double-screw bolt, thereby make the part fusing on solder and aluminum mother plate surface, when temperature arrives 590 ℃～600 ℃, fluoride flux K
3alF
6-K
3alF
4fluidify also has activity, has decomposed remaining oxide, after the heating reasonable time, device is placed in to air naturally cooling.This patent can realize the metallurgical binding of steel double-screw bolt and aluminum mother plate.
The present invention is processed into the steel double-screw bolt flat without the nut style, before weldering, immersion plating copper technique is carried out in steel double-screw bolt front portion, thereby increases the wetness degree of steel double-screw bolt in aluminium liquid, and can play the effect that suppresses the growth of steel Al intermetallic in welding process.Load coil heating steel stud end, raise rapidly steel stud end temperature, and double-screw bolt transfers heat to mother metal and solder on every side, makes a part and the solder fusing on mother metal surface, forms molten bath, and cooling after coagulation forms welding point.Adopt ceramic ring to be protected the double-screw bolt joint of welding, protect to a certain extent the welding process molten bath, be conducive to obtain welding point attractive in appearance and reinforcing joint simultaneously.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment mono-
In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, take diameter as 16mm, height is example for the copper plated steel double-screw bolt of 48mm.At first before weldering, Chemical cleaning is carried out in aluminum mother plate surface and solder, concrete cleaning is: the NaOH solution etch aluminum mother metal that is 8% by concentration surface 10min, solder 5min, solution temperature is 40 ℃, after this use the mixed liquor etch aluminum mother metal surface 5min of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, solder 3min (proportioning of mixed liquor is: the salpeter solution 10L of concentration 58%, the hydrofluoric acid solution 0.3L of concentration 46%).Finally the aluminum mother plate surface is cleaned with alcohol, dried up fast, after this on the mother metal surface, apply one deck fluoride flux K
3alF
6-K
3alF
4, the steel double-screw bolt that with fixture, will be coated with copper is fixed on the surface of aluminum mother plate and puts one and the supporting ceramic ring of double-screw bolt at the welding ends of double-screw bolt, add appropriate self-control solder between ceramic ring and aluminum mother plate, high-frequency induction heating apparatus is heated to the welding ends of steel double-screw bolt, in the eddy-current heating process, the steel double-screw bolt is implemented to the pressure of a modest size straight down, be conducive to like this produce suitable fusion penetration on aluminum mother plate, thereby strengthen the intensity of welding point, after aluminum mother plate and solder fusing appropriate time, close the power supply of induction heating apparatus, make the molten bath cooled and solidified.
Embodiment bis-
In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, take diameter as 27mm, height is example for the copper plated steel double-screw bolt of 52mm.At first before weldering, Chemical cleaning is carried out in aluminum mother plate surface and solder, concrete cleaning is: the NaOH solution etch aluminum mother metal that is 10% by concentration surface 10min, solder 5min, solution temperature is 50 ℃, after this use the mixed liquor etch aluminum mother metal surface 6min of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, solder 3min (proportioning of mixed liquor is: the salpeter solution 10L of concentration 61%, the hydrofluoric acid solution 0.3L of concentration 50%).Finally the aluminum mother plate surface is cleaned with alcohol, dried up fast, after this on the mother metal surface, apply one deck fluoride flux K
3alF
6-K
3alF
4, the steel double-screw bolt that with fixture, will be coated with copper is fixed on the surface of aluminum mother plate and puts one and the supporting ceramic ring of double-screw bolt at the welding ends of double-screw bolt, add appropriate self-control solder between ceramic ring and aluminum mother plate, high-frequency induction heating apparatus is heated to the welding ends of steel double-screw bolt, in the eddy-current heating process, the steel double-screw bolt is implemented to the pressure of a modest size straight down, be conducive to like this produce suitable fusion penetration on aluminum mother plate, thereby strengthen the intensity of welding point, after aluminum mother plate and solder fusing appropriate time, close the power supply of induction heating apparatus, make the molten bath cooled and solidified.
Embodiment tri-
In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, take diameter as 30mm, height is example for the copper plated steel double-screw bolt of 52mm.At first before weldering, Chemical cleaning is carried out in aluminum mother plate surface and solder, concrete cleaning is: the NaOH solution etch aluminum mother metal that is 11% by concentration surface 12min, solder 6min, solution temperature is 60 ℃, after this use the mixed liquor etch aluminum mother metal surface 7min of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, solder 4min (proportioning of mixed liquor is: the salpeter solution 10L of concentration 64%, the hydrofluoric acid solution 0.3L of concentration 55%). after having cleaned and drying up, after this on the mother metal surface, apply one deck fluoride flux K
3alF
6-K
3alF
4, the steel double-screw bolt that with fixture, will be coated with copper is fixed on the surface of aluminum mother plate and puts one and the supporting ceramic ring of double-screw bolt at the welding ends of double-screw bolt, add appropriate self-control solder between ceramic ring and aluminum mother plate, high-frequency induction heating apparatus is heated to the welding ends of steel double-screw bolt, along with the increase of double-screw bolt diameter need to increase the eddy-current heating time, therefore need the situation time in ratio one long heat time heating time, also inadvisable by the power that increases induction heating apparatus simply, because when induction heating apparatus power is larger, it is large that heat input in unit interval becomes, thereby make bath temperature too high, and the diffusion speed of growth of steel Al intermetallic and temperature are exponential function relation, so temperature is the impact much larger than the time on the impact of intermetallic compounds layer thickness.In the eddy-current heating process, the steel double-screw bolt is implemented to the pressure of a modest size straight down, be conducive to like this produce suitable fusion penetration on aluminum mother plate, thereby strengthen the intensity of welding point, after aluminum mother plate and solder fusing appropriate time, close the power supply of induction heating apparatus, make the molten bath cooled and solidified.
Claims (4)
1. the pre-copper facing induction of an aluminium-steel double-screw bolt melt-brazing method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the steel double-screw bolt is processed into flat without the nut style and to one end immersion plating copper;
Step 2, Chemical cleaning is carried out in aluminum mother plate surface and solder;
Step 3, aluminum mother plate material surface and solder are cleaned with alcohol, dried up fast, on the mother metal surface, apply one deck soldering protective agent;
Step 4, by the aluminum mother plate horizontal positioned, the copper facing end of steel double-screw bolt vertically is placed on aluminum mother plate and to it and applies pressure vertically downward, fill afterwards the solder after sufficient cleaning on the two contact-making surface;
Step 5, place the ceramic ring supporting with double-screw bolt on the contact position of the copper facing end of steel double-screw bolt and aluminum mother plate, and fill solder in ceramic ring;
Step 6, load coil is enclosed within to the stud welding end, and, to its heating, completes welding.
2. the pre-copper facing induction of aluminium according to claim 1-steel double-screw bolt melt-brazing method, is characterized in that the Si that the described solder composition of step 2 is 10%, 0.5% iron, 0.1% Cu, 0.3% Zn, 0.1% Mn, 0.1% La, be less than 0.1% Mg, and all the other are Al.
3. melt-brazing method is responded in the pre-copper facing of aluminium according to claim 1-steel double-screw bolt, it is characterized in that, step 2 comprises the following steps while carrying out Chemical cleaning: at first use NaOH solution etch aluminum mother metal surface and solder, use afterwards mixed liquor etch aluminum mother metal surface and the solder of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
4. melt-brazing method is responded in the pre-copper facing of aluminium according to claim 3-steel double-screw bolt, it is characterized in that, in step 2, NaOH solution concentration used is 8%～11%, time to the etch of aluminum mother plate surface is 8～12min, and the temperature that is the above-mentioned etch of 4～6min to time of solder etch is 40～60 ℃; In the mixed liquor of described nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, the concentration of salpeter solution is 58～64%, hydrofluoric acid solution concentration is 46～55%, the volume ratio of salpeter solution and hydrofluoric acid solution is (23: 1)～(25: 1), the time of cleaning aluminum mother plate with nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid mixed solution is 5～7min, and the time of cleaning solder is 3～4min.
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| CN 200910264152 CN102114561B (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2009-12-31 | Method of pre-copper-plated induction welding-brazing of aluminum-steel stud bolt |
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| CN 200910264152 CN102114561B (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2009-12-31 | Method of pre-copper-plated induction welding-brazing of aluminum-steel stud bolt |
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| CN102114561B true CN102114561B (en) | 2013-06-05 |
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