CN102105225A - 催化剂和异构化方法 - Google Patents
催化剂和异构化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102105225A CN102105225A CN2009801284737A CN200980128473A CN102105225A CN 102105225 A CN102105225 A CN 102105225A CN 2009801284737 A CN2009801284737 A CN 2009801284737A CN 200980128473 A CN200980128473 A CN 200980128473A CN 102105225 A CN102105225 A CN 102105225A
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- catalyst
- zeolite
- zsm
- aforementioned
- ethylbenzene
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 106
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 23
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 13
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 8
- ZZBAGJPKGRJIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7h-purine-2-carbaldehyde Chemical class O=CC1=NC=C2NC=NC2=N1 ZZBAGJPKGRJIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N2CN(N=O)CN1CN(N=O)C2 MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940112112 capex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N fluocinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种烷基芳烃异构化催化剂,所述催化剂包含至少50wt%的无机粘结剂、至少0.01wt%的第VIII族金属和1-9wt%的ZSM-12沸石,其中ZSM-12沸石的二氧化硅与氧化铝的摩尔比(SAR)为60-200,和一种用于烷基芳烃异构化以提供反应混合物的方法,所述方法包括使包含烷基芳烃的烃物流与所述催化剂接触。
Description
本发明涉及用于烷基芳烃(更具体为乙基苯)异构化的沸石基催化剂,特别地增加由含有含8个碳原子的芳烃的烃馏分生产的二甲苯。
通过精馏或蒸馏原油,得到沸点在70-190℃的直馏石脑油馏分。该馏分可以催化转化为芳族重整油。
在转化为重整油时,芳烃含量明显增加,和所得烃混合物是极希望的有用的化学中间体来源和汽油组分。
重整油通常含有具有8个碳原子的芳烃,包括但是不局限于乙苯和二甲苯。其它组分也可以存在,例如它们的加氢同系物如环烷烃。
在二甲苯中,对二甲苯是最有用的商品,和已经开发了异构化或烷基转移方法来增加对二甲苯(″pX″)的比例。但异构化或烷基转移方法也可能产生不想要的副产品如具有1-5个碳原子的化合物、甲苯、具有9个或更多个碳原子的化合物和苯。
对于涉及芳烃的各种反应,已经制备和提出了多种催化剂,但是对于有些反应,如乙苯异构化或烷基转移过程,通常在提供想要的产品和已知的副反应之间存在一个平衡。乙苯加氢异构化的一个常见的副反应是形成具有1-5个碳原子的化合物,而这些化合物如果放火炬,将产生二氧化碳,从环境的角度来看,这是不利的。避免产生大量具有1-5个碳原子的化合物和二氧化碳的一种常规方法是限制乙苯反应物的量。但这也限制了想要的二甲苯的产率。
US 4,939,110公开了一种用于芳烃转化的催化剂,该催化剂包含无机氧化物粘结剂、五元环型沸石、第VIII族金属和铅。
US 4,762,957公开了一种用于烷基芳烃异构化的方法,所述方法应用具有氧化铝基质、含镁沸石和第VIII族金属组分的催化剂。
虽然在这些文献中给出了合理的结果,但包含镁或铁增加了催化剂制备的复杂性和成本。
WO 97/45198A1公开了用于烃转化的沸石粘结沸石催化剂,所述催化剂包含第一沸石的第一晶体和包含第二沸石的第二晶体的粘结剂,其中第二沸石的结构类型与第一沸石的结构类型不同。第一和第二沸石提供能够实施两种或更多种功能的双功能催化剂。但制备这种沸石粘结沸石催化剂需要附加的复杂性和制备步骤,致使沸石粘结沸石催化剂明显未被工业放大。
US 3,856,872描述了一种二甲苯异构化方法,其中常规的在二氧化硅-氧化铝上的铂被ZSM-5型沸石催化剂或沸石ZSM-12催化剂或沸石ZSM-21催化剂所替代。可以将沸石结合入惰性和因此非酸性的氧化铝基质中。US 3,856,872没有教导沸石ZSM-21的种类或含量。
文章″Dealuminated zeolite-based composite catalysts forreforming of an industrial naphthene-rich feedstock″涉及环烷烃原料的重整催化剂。优选的ZSM-12沸石的Si/Al比为54。教导了具有较高二氧化硅与氧化铝比的ZSM-12不应该用于催化剂,因为这将产生大量的CH4和较少的芳烃。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于烷基芳烃如乙苯和间二甲苯异构化以提供二甲苯、特别是对二甲苯的改进催化剂。
按照本发明的第一方面,提供一种烷基芳烃异构化的催化剂,所述催化剂包含:
至少50wt%的酸性无机粘结剂;
至少0.01wt%的第VIII族金属;
1-9wt%的ZSM-12沸石;
其中ZSM-12沸石的二氧化硅与氧化铝的摩尔比(SAR)为60-200。所述重量按催化剂的总重量计。
已经发现这种特定的组分组合对于提供用于烷基芳烃异构化的催化剂具有令人惊奇的好处,特别是当涉及含8个碳原子的烷基芳烃时。
已经发现这种特定的组分组合提供用于含8个碳原子的烷基芳烃的异构化的催化剂,所述催化剂能够:
减少副反应,例如形成含1-5个碳原子的化合物,和因此减少任何不想要的二氧化碳的产生,和/或
减少苯的形成,和/或
增加乙苯的转化率,和/或
增加其它想要产品如对二甲苯的产量,和/或
增加和/或改进从反应混合物中分离想要产品如对二甲苯。
上述一个或多个方面将导致一种或多种想要产品如对二甲苯的最终产率的增加。
增加乙苯转化率不仅其本身是想要的优点,而且减少了反应混合物随后分离中主要的竞争性吸收剂的量。由于竞争性吸收剂例如剩余乙苯的存在降低了分离方法的效率,因此已知的是应用分子筛很难分离对二甲苯,特别是从主要由含8个碳原子的化合物组成的反应混合物中分离时。因此,在反应混合物中产生较少的竞争性吸收剂可以使分离所要产品如对二甲苯明显更容易。
一些副产品如甲苯、苯和含有9个或更多个碳原子的芳族化合物也是有用的工业产品,从而在含8个碳原子的化合物的异构化中形成这些物质仍是有用的,而不是完全不想要的,但是它们的形成对于获得增加的乙苯转化率及其优点来说是第二位的。
本发明不局限于含8个碳原子的烷基芳烃,而且包括其它烷基芳烃如含9个或更多个碳原子的烷基芳烃的异构体,包括含9个或10个碳原子的烷基芳烃,已知它们遵循相似的反应路线并应用相同或类似的催化剂配方。因此,本发明涉及通常的烷基芳烃的异构化,更具体为含8-10个碳的烷基芳烃,更具体为含8个或9个碳原子的烷基芳烃。
酸性无机粘结剂可以选自本领域已知的任何合适的酸性耐高温金属氧化物。优选的酸性无机粘结剂的例子为任选与其它化合物如二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化锆、二氧化铈和/或氧化镓组合的氧化铝。优选地,粘结剂由氧化铝和高达50wt%、更特别地高达20wt%、更特别地高达10wt%、最特别地高达5wt%的其它化合物组成。粘结剂优选由酸性氧化铝组成。
氧化铝可以以多种形式制备。可获得的氧化铝等级在各种参数如孔体积、平均孔径、堆密度和表面积方面不同。虽然不同的氧化铝制造商可以以不同的名称提供相同或类似的氧化铝产品,但不同产品分类可能具有相同或类似或重叠的标准和/或特性。例如,″高孔″和″宽孔″氧化铝倾向于具有相同或相似的特性。
本发明延伸至来自任何来源的氧化铝作为无机粘结剂的用途,和合适的氧化铝粘结剂的例子包括来自Sasol的Pural系列的级别,如KR和SB级,和其它宽孔氧化铝如来自Criterion的WPA。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,利用氮测量的无机粘结剂的孔体积为至少0.6cc/g,优选为至少1.2cc/g;和
无机粘结剂的孔体积至多2cc/g,优选至多1.6cc/g。
无机粘结剂孔体积的这些范围包括″宽孔″氧化铝,该氧化铝具有更加开放的结构以允许与烷基芳烃更强的相互作用。
在本发明的进一步的实施方案中,无机粘结剂的堆密度小于0.3,优选小于0.25g/cc。
在本发明的又一个实施方案中,无机粘结剂的存在量基于催化剂的总量计大于80wt%,优选大于90wt%,特别是至少95wt%。
基于如孔体积、孔径和堆密度等一种或多种参数,更开放结构的无机粘结剂可以为反应物到达催化剂中的催化材料提供更好的扩散,和为产品离开催化材料提供更好的扩散。催化材料周围更强的反应物和产品的扩散提高了反应速率和/或产率和/或纯度。
催化剂包含至少0.01wt%的元素周期表的第VIII族金属。所述量为基于催化剂总重量计的金属量。这里所应用的术语″第VIII族″指周期表的现行IUPAC版本。优选的催化活性金属为镍、钯和/或铂。最优选的金属为铂。两种或更多种催化活性金属的组合也是可能的,优选为铂金属的组合。催化活性金属也可以以化合物的形式提供,任选需要在应用之前活化。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,第VIII族金属在催化剂中的存在量基于催化剂总重量计为0.1-0.6wt%。
沸石ZSM-12是公知的沸石,通常具有铝硅酸盐基础,任选包含一种或多种其它元素。多种制备各种形式ZSM-12的方法在本领域中是已知的。只是作为例子,WO 2004/046034提供了关于一些形式的ZSM-12的形成的讨论,和在此引入作为参考。
通过混合无机粘结剂和沸石组分,随后成形和然后通常干燥和煅烧预形成体产品,可以提供催化剂。任选地,在干燥和/或煅烧催化剂预形成体后,加入第VIII族金属,和任选随后进一步煅烧。催化剂优选通过挤出而制备。因此催化剂优选为挤出物。
已知的是沸石的晶体形态影响其活性和稳定性。在本发明中,特别优选的是ZSM-12沸石具有:
30-70nm的平均晶体粒度;和/或
利用氮吸附测量的表面积大于250m2/g,优选大于280m2/g;和/或
结晶度大于94%,优选大于97%。
提供具有确定参数(如上文针对沸石晶体形态描述的那些)的沸石是本领域技术人员已知的,和在这里不再进一步描述。
催化剂中ZSM-12沸石的比例基于催化剂的总量计优选为1-7wt%,优选为1-5wt%,特别是3-5wt%。虽然本发明的催化剂可以包含少量或很少量的非ZSM-12的沸石,但所述催化剂优选只包含ZSM-12作为沸石。
沸石ZSM-12的另一个参数为它的二氧化硅与氧化铝的摩尔比(SAR)。在乙苯重整方法中,两种不同的反应重叠:乙苯异构化和二甲苯异构化。两种反应均需要酸性位点来发生,因此沸石的酸度通常一直认为必须适度。因为这个原因,常规的工业催化剂具有低的SAR,和常规地,希望保持相对低的SAR。本领域的熟练技术人员不会被引导去考虑在催化剂中应用高SAR,和在现有技术中的ZSM-12基催化剂通常具有低的SAR。例如,下文所描述的对比催化剂1和2的SAR均为30。
本发明的特定特征是沸石的SAR为60-200,优选为70-150。这是因为认识到沸石的酸度不是决定催化剂性能的唯一因素。无机粘结剂如基于氧化铝的那些也是酸性的,和因此对反应也有贡献。类似地,通常预期的是催化剂中负载更多的沸石将会增加催化剂活性和/或产率,因此本领域的熟练技术人员被引导考虑使大部分催化剂为沸石组分,例如超过10wt%。
本发明的另一个特定特征是提供具有低于预期的沸石比例的催化剂,最特别地为至多9wt%,和特别地为少于5wt%,以催化剂的总量计。
因此,虽然本发明提供的催化剂具有低于预期的沸石比例和沸石中高于预期的SAR,但已经发现本发明提供的催化剂对烷基芳烃的异构化特别有利。
烷基芳烃异构化催化剂优选由酸性无机粘结剂、SAR为60-200的ZSM-12沸石和含量如上所述的第VIII族金属组成。
本发明的催化剂特别适合于乙苯加氢异构化为二甲苯,和二甲苯异构化至平衡。另外特别地,本发明的催化剂适用于由乙苯和通常以混合组分物流提供的其它二甲苯异构体提供对二甲苯。
按照本发明的第二个方面,提供一种使烷基芳烃异构化以提供反应混合物的方法,所述方法包括使含烷基芳烃的烃物流与上面定义的催化剂接触。
烃物流可以包含任意量的乙苯,例如基于原料总量计超过60wt%。烃物流特别地含有至多60wt%的乙苯,更特别地为至多50wt%。烃物流优选包含至少1wt%的乙苯,更优选至少2wt%,更优选至少3wt%,更特别地为至少5wt%,更特别地为至少8wt%,优选为至少10wt%,最优选为至少15wt%。
在本发明方法的一个实施方案中,在300-450℃、优选至少350℃和优选至多400℃的温度下,使烃物流与催化剂接触。
在另一个实施方案中,优选原料中至少20%的乙苯转化为二甲苯,更特别地为至少25%,更特别地为至少30%,更特别地为至少35%,和最特别地为至少40%。
在另一个实施方案中,在所得到的反应混合物中对二甲苯与乙苯的比大于1.3,优选大于1.5,和最优选大于2。
按照本发明的第三个方面,提供这里所定义的催化剂在芳烃异构化方法中减少由含乙苯的烃物流产生的含1-5个碳原子的化合物的量的用途。
下面只通过举例的方式来描述本发明的实施例。
制备实施例
实施例1
由5wt%的SAR为95的ZSM-12和95wt%的Sasol Pural SB3氧化铝制备ZSM-12/氧化铝催化剂。
捏合混合物,和然后通过挤出成形为1.6mm的圆柱体。然后在120℃下使挤出物干燥,和随后在空气中在550℃下煅烧4小时。然后利用含铂溶液使成品挤出物进行孔体积浸渍,以得到含0.3wt%的Pt的挤出物,随后在120℃下干燥和在450℃下煅烧4小时。对催化剂不再做进一步的处理。
实施例2
将实施例1制备的催化剂在乙苯和混合的二甲苯混合物(含19wt%的乙苯(EB)、15.5wt%的邻二甲苯(OX)、59wt%的间二甲苯(MX)和6.5wt%乙基环己烷)的异构化中进行测试。
催化测试在微流动反应器装置中实施,所述微流动反应器装置包括内径为15mm的反应器管,向所述反应器管中装载入催化剂,SiC作为填料一起装入。装载后,将催化剂在400℃干燥1.5小时,和然后在400℃在8bar的压力下用H2还原1小时。然后将反应器加热至425℃,和用20wt%EB和80wt%间二甲苯的混合物在重时空速(WHSV)为5g原料/g催化剂/h和H2/烃的比为4mol/mol下处理24小时的时间段,从而达到稳定的操作状态。随后,使催化剂经受387℃的温度,并用上述相同的EB和混合二甲苯的混合物(19wt%的EB、15.5wt%的OX、59wt%的MX、6.5wt%乙基环己烷)在WHSV为3.5g原料/g催化剂/h和H2/烃的比为4mol/mol下进行处理。
结果可以由表1中看出,其中给出了转化的乙苯的wt%(EBC)、在二甲苯混合物中发现的最终对二甲苯的wt%(xyl中的pX)、和转化为不想要的终产品的具有8个碳原子的初始化合物的wt%(″C8环损失″)。
表1
实施例3
由5wt%的SAR为95的ZSM-12和95wt%的宽孔氧化铝(Sasol KRII氧化铝)制备ZSM-12/氧化铝催化剂。捏合混合物,和然后通过挤出成形为1.6mm的圆柱体。然后在120℃下使挤出物干燥,和随后在空气中在550℃下煅烧4小时。然后利用含铂溶液使成品挤出物进行孔体积浸渍,以得到含0.3wt%的Pt的挤出物,随后在120℃下干燥和在450℃下煅烧4小时。对催化剂不再做进一步的处理。
实施例4
将实施例3制备的催化剂在乙苯和混合的二甲苯混合物(19wt%EB、15.5wt%的OX、59wt%的MX和6.5wt%乙基环己烷)的异构化中进行测试。催化测试在微流动反应器装置中实施,所述微流动反应器装置包括内径为15mm的反应器管,向所述反应器管中装载催化剂,SiC作为填料一起装入。装载后,将催化剂在400℃干燥1.5小时,和然后在400℃在8bar的压力下用H2还原1小时。然后将反应器加热至425℃,和用20wt%EB和80wt%间二甲苯的混合物在重时空速(WHSV)为5g原料/g催化剂/h和H2/烃的比为4mol/mol下处理24小时的时间段,从而达到稳定的操作状态。随后,使催化剂经受387℃的温度,并用上述相同的EB和混合二甲苯的混合物(19wt%的EB、15.5wt%的OX、59wt%的MX、6.5wt%乙基环己烷)在WHSV为3.5g原料/g催化剂/h和H2/烃的比为4mol/mol下进行处理。结果可以由表2中看出。
表2
实施例5
由10wt%的SAR为95的ZSM-12和90wt%的宽孔氧化铝(Sasol KRII氧化铝)制备ZSM-12/氧化铝催化剂。捏合混合物,和然后通过挤出成形为1.6mm的圆柱体。然后在120℃下使挤出物干燥,和随后在空气中在550℃下煅烧4小时。然后利用含铂溶液使成品挤出物进行孔体积浸渍,以得到含0.3wt%的Pt的挤出物,随后在120℃下干燥和在450℃下煅烧4小时。对催化剂不再做进一步的处理。
实施例6
将实施例5制备的催化剂在EB和混合的二甲苯混合物(19wt%EB、15.5wt%的OX、59wt%的MX和6.5wt%乙基环己烷)的异构化中进行测试。催化测试在微流动反应器装置中实施,所述微流动反应器装置包括内径为15mm的反应器管,向所述反应器管中装载催化剂,SiC作为填料一起装入。装载后,将催化剂在400℃干燥1.5小时,和然后在400℃在8bar的压力下用H2还原1小时。然后将反应器加热至425℃,和用20wt%EB和80wt%间二甲苯的混合物在重时空速(WHSV)为5g原料/g催化剂/h和H2/烃的比为4mol/mol下处理24小时的时间段,从而达到稳定的操作状态。随后,使催化剂经受387℃的温度,并用上述相同的EB和混合二甲苯的混合物(19wt%的EB、15.5wt%的OX、59wt%的MX、6.5wt%乙基环己烷)在WHSV为3.5g原料/g催化剂/h和H2/烃的比为4mol/mol下处理。结果可以由表3中看出。
表3
氧化铝实施例
表4给出了本发明可以应用的四种氧化铝无机粘结剂的参数。PuralKr II是由Sasol获得的高孔氧化铝。Pural SB3是由Sasol获得的低孔氧化铝。WPA(″宽孔氧化铝″)则由Criterion获得。
表4
特征 | Pural KR II | Pural SB3 | WPA |
平均堆密度(g/cc) | 0.315 | 0.76 | 0.2 |
孔体积(cc/g) | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1 |
平均表面积(m2/g) | 290 | 255-260 | 345 |
对比例
表5比较了实施例3的催化剂与对比催化剂1和对比催化剂2,基于3.5g原料/g催化剂/h的WHSV,应用上面在制备实施例4和6中所述相同的反应条件。比较的所有参数均按pX-ate为95%表示。
对比催化剂1包含10.5wt%的在EP 6,057,486A1中描述的具有的孔径的结构类型EUO的工业沸石EU-1、89.2wt%的SAR比为30的工业粘结剂Pural SB3、和0.3wt%的Pt。
对比催化剂2包含9wt%的相同工业沸石EU-1、90.7wt%的SAR比也为30的工业粘结剂Pural KR II、和0.3wt%的Pt。
三种催化剂在如下方面进行比较:
(a)乙苯转化率(″EBC″或″EB转化率″),即利用催化剂转化为二甲苯的乙苯重量百分比;
(b)″EB-ate″(即它们的接近平衡时的乙苯);和
(c)″C8R损失″(即它们的C8环损失)。
表5
如表5所示,上述实施例3的催化剂在乙苯转化率方面有超过两倍的增加和EB-ate明显更高。
表6比较了在上面制备实施例4中所述的相同反应条件下,应用上面表1、2和3中所述的制备实施例1、3和5的本发明催化剂,和应用亦如上文所述的两种对比催化剂1和2(分别称为“对比1”和“对比2”),在反应产品混合物中对二甲苯和乙苯的量以及它们的比(PX/EB)(参见表2)。
表6
催化剂 | 产品中的PX(wt%) | 产品中的EB(wt%) | PX/EB |
实施例1 | 17.67 | 8.44 | 2.09 |
实施例3 | 18.51 | 11.36 | 1.63 |
实施例5 | 18.30 | 8.57 | 2.14 |
对比1 | 17.89 | 14.55 | 1.23 |
对比2 | 18.11 | 14.58 | 1.24 |
虽然应用本发明实施例的催化剂对二甲苯的量相同或只是少量增加,但产品混合物中明显更少的乙苯量导致:(a)在工业规模上明显增加的PX/EB比,和(b)由于分离方法中竞争性吸收剂乙苯的干扰减少,从产品混合物中分离对二甲苯明显更容易。
制备实施例3的催化剂还增加了所产生的甲苯和C9+芳烃的量(这些也是有用的工业产品),同时降低了(不想要的)C1-C5气体的形成。
表7比较了应用制备实施例3的催化剂和应用两种对比催化剂1和2(分别称为“对比1”和“对比2”)在每克催化剂pX-ate为95wt%下产生的C1-C5量。
表7
催化剂 | C1-C5,wt% | 平均CO2排放,wt% | 最小CO2浓度 | 最大CO2浓度 |
实施例3 | 0.60 | 1.80 | 1.76 | 1.82 |
对比1 | 1.15 | 3.45 | 3.37 | 3.49 |
对比2 | 0.95 | 2.85 | 2.78 | 2.88 |
表7表明所产生的C1-C5化合物的量明显减少,如果C1-C5化合物放火炬,这将明显减少所产生的CO2量,亦如表7中所示。表7中CO2的最小和最大浓度表示估计的CO2量变化,根据是当产生较大比例的较轻C1-C5化合物如C2时,则产生最小浓度,或产生较大比例的较重C1-C5化合物如C4时,则产生最大浓度。参考附图,也可以通过图示方式看出在一系列参数和WHSV下这些催化剂之间的比较,其中:
图1给出了在不同WHSV下与上文提到的两种对比催化剂(仍标记为“对比1”和“对比2”)相比,实施例3的催化剂的良好EB转化率。
图2给出了在不同WHSV下与相同的两种对比催化剂相比,实施例3的催化剂的良好EB-ate。
图3给出了在相同反应条件下,当对二甲苯达到平衡时,所产生的C1-C5(按wt%表示)的良好降低。本发明的催化剂产生明显更少的C1-C5产品,其进一步的优点是,如果所述产品放火炬,则产生较少的气体,特别是二氧化碳。
图4给出了在相同反应条件下,当对二甲苯达到平衡时,所产生的苯(按wt%表示)的良好降低。苯是在该方法中通常不想要的C8异构化的副产品。
下表8概述了上面制备实施例3和5、基于7wt%相同ZSM-12沸石的中间实施例、和上述对比催化剂1之间的一些对比。
表8
这些催化剂之间的比较也可以参考图5从图线上看出来,其中以图线形式给出了与具有相似重量的相同粘结剂、但不同沸石的对比催化剂2相比,本发明的催化剂随重时空速(WHSV)的良好乙苯(EB)转化率。
上述数据和实施例证实了与现有技术的催化剂不同,按本发明制备的催化剂不需要附加组分如镁、氯或铅来异构化烷基芳烃。因此,本发明的催化剂制备起来更简单和需要更少的形成步骤。
上述数据和实施例还证实了在烷基芳烃异构化中,可以应用相对少量的沸石来提供相同或更好的性能,从而减少了这种工业操作的CAPEX和OPEX成本。
上述数据和实施例还证实了具体应用具有相对高SAR比的ZSM-12可以改进产品收率和/或降低副产品的产率,特别是改进乙苯转化率以提供对二甲苯。
本领域熟练技术人员将会理解,在不偏离所附权利要求的范围的情况下,本发明可以以多种不同的方式来实施。
Claims (10)
1.一种烷基芳烃异构化催化剂,所述催化剂包含:
至少50wt%的酸性无机粘结剂;
至少0.01wt%的第VIII族金属;和
1-9wt%的ZSM-12沸石,其中ZSM-12沸石的二氧化硅与氧化铝的摩尔比(SAR)为60-200。
2.权利要求1的催化剂,其中所述催化剂为挤出物。
3.前述权利要求任一项的催化剂,其中所述无机粘结剂的孔体积为至少0.6cc/g。
4.前述权利要求任一项的催化剂,其中堆密度小于0.3g/cc。
5.前述权利要求任一项的催化剂,其中SAR的范围为70-150。
6.前述权利要求任一项的催化剂,所述催化剂包含1-7wt%的沸石。
7.前述权利要求任一项的催化剂,其中ZSM-12沸石的平均晶体粒度为30-70nm。
8.前述权利要求任一项的催化剂,其中ZSM-12沸石的结晶度大于94%。
9.一种用于烷基芳烃异构化以提供反应混合物的方法,所述方法包括使包含烷基芳烃的烃物流与前述权利要求任一项的催化剂接触。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述烃物流包含至少5wt%的乙苯。
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CN112295592A (zh) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-02-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烷基芳烃异构化催化剂及制备和应用 |
RU2707179C1 (ru) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-25 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина" | Бицеолитный катализатор изомеризации ароматических углеводородов с-8 |
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