CN102101163B - Cross section integrated laser vision fixed weight cutting method for continuously cast bloom and weight fixing device - Google Patents
Cross section integrated laser vision fixed weight cutting method for continuously cast bloom and weight fixing device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种横截面积分式连铸坯激光视觉定重切割方法及定重装置,利用激光器、摄像机与装有图像处理与定重软件的计算机,通过视觉成像系统与切割系统同步技术,实现连铸坯横截面轮廓面积在连铸坯传送速度方向上的实时积分,从而实现连铸坯横截面轮廓面积的实时高精度计算,将现有定尺切割系统技术升级为定重切割系统,大大提高连铸坯的定重精度,减少后续钢材产品的废品率,从而提高生产效率和经济效益,定重装置组成简单,计算精准。本发明适用于钢铁冶炼过程中,实现对连铸坯进行定重切割。
The invention discloses a cross-sectional integral type continuous casting slab laser vision fixed-weight cutting method and a fixed-weight device. Using a laser, a camera, and a computer equipped with image processing and weight-fixed software, the visual imaging system and the cutting system are synchronized. Realize the real-time integration of the cross-sectional area of the continuous casting slab in the direction of the conveying speed of the continuous casting slab, so as to realize the real-time high-precision calculation of the cross-sectional area of the continuous casting slab, upgrade the existing fixed-length cutting system technology to a fixed-weight cutting system, The weighing accuracy of the continuous casting slab is greatly improved, and the scrap rate of subsequent steel products is reduced, thereby improving production efficiency and economic benefits. The weighing device is simple in composition and accurate in calculation. The invention is suitable for iron and steel smelting process, and realizes constant-weight cutting of continuous casting slabs.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于冶金领域,涉及一种炼钢连铸生产过程中的测定方法,具体地说是一种横截面积分式连铸坯激光视觉定重切割方法及定重装置。 The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, and relates to a measurement method in the production process of steelmaking and continuous casting, in particular to a cross-sectional integral type continuous casting slab laser vision fixed-weight cutting method and a fixed-weight device. the
背景技术 Background technique
连铸坯在进入下一道轧制工艺前应进行定重切割,但由于定重问题一直没有得到很好解决,目前国内绝大多数钢铁企业都采用定长切割系统。受连铸过程中结晶器的磨损、钢水合金成分和拉速变化等因素的制约,导致在同一流、不同时间段所拉铸同样长度铸坯的重量不相同,且差异较大,即铸坯的横截面面积时刻在变化。这个差异会直接影响产品的成材率,目前采用定尺切割的成材率在96%左右。 The continuous casting slab should be cut to fixed weight before entering the next rolling process, but because the fixed weight problem has not been well solved, most domestic iron and steel enterprises currently use the fixed-to-length cutting system. Restricted by factors such as mold wear, molten steel alloy composition and casting speed changes in the continuous casting process, the weight of the same length of slab cast in the same flow and at different time periods is not the same, and the difference is large, that is, the casting slab The cross-sectional area of is constantly changing. This difference will directly affect the yield of the product. Currently, the yield of cutting to length is about 96%. the
近年来,国内外在连铸坯定重问题上,以定长理论为基础,取得了很大的进步。具有代表性的成果有两个方面: In recent years, great progress has been made at home and abroad on the issue of fixed weight of continuous casting slabs based on the fixed length theory. Representative results have two aspects:
①宁波中和衡器有限公司和石家庄宝钢科技有限公司提出了连铸坯在线定尺定重切割技术方案。该方案利用前后相邻两段连铸坯密度和横截面面积相差较少的客观情况,在定尺切割系统的基础上,增加了称重系统。当前一段切下时,马上称其重量,再根据切割的长度计算出密度和横截面面积的乘积,利用该乘积计算出下一段的应切长度,以此类推。这一技术在一定程度上提高了定重精度,但需要在现有定尺切割系统的基础上,增加称重系统,因而需要对现有生产线做较大的改造,不但成本高,而且在有些情况下根本无法实现;再者,由于其不是真正意义上的定重切割,所以效果不太明显。 ①Ningbo Zhonghe Weighing Apparatus Co., Ltd. and Shijiazhuang Baosteel Technology Co., Ltd. proposed a technology plan for online sizing and weight cutting of continuous casting slabs. This scheme takes advantage of the fact that there is less difference in the density and cross-sectional area of the continuous casting slabs between the front and back sections, and adds a weighing system on the basis of the cut-to-length system. When the previous section is cut off, weigh it immediately, then calculate the product of density and cross-sectional area according to the cut length, use this product to calculate the length to be cut for the next section, and so on. This technology improves the accuracy of fixed weight to a certain extent, but it needs to add a weighing system on the basis of the existing fixed-length cutting system. It cannot be realized at all under certain circumstances; moreover, because it is not a fixed-weight cutting in the true sense, the effect is not very obvious. the
②国内外一些高校和研究机构尝试了将激光视觉技术应用到连铸坯的定重切割系统中,但由于实质上是利用视觉技术来提高测长的精度,并没有涉足定重的本质问 题(即如何提高测量连铸坯横截面面积的精度),因此其效果也是不太明显。 ②Some universities and research institutes at home and abroad have tried to apply laser vision technology to the fixed-weight cutting system of continuous casting slabs, but because they essentially use visual technology to improve the accuracy of length measurement, they have not been involved in the essential problem of fixed-weight (that is, how to improve the accuracy of measuring the cross-sectional area of the continuous casting slab), so its effect is also not obvious. the
专利号为031643373的中国实用新型专利说明书,公开了一种“体积法连铸坯定重剪切装置”,利用摄像机和激光辅助测厚装置,在一个定长段内只测一次横截面面积,由体积和测得的横截面面积计算出应切长度,最后由摄像机或非接触式位移传感器测定应切长度。所以该专利装置假定在一定长段内连铸坯的横截面面积不变,再加上测长也会有误差,所以其理论精度仍不想想,具有很大的局限性。 The Chinese utility model patent specification with the patent number 031643373 discloses a "volume method continuous casting slab constant weight shearing device", which uses a camera and a laser-assisted thickness measuring device to measure the cross-sectional area only once in a fixed length section. The length to be cut is calculated from the volume and the measured cross-sectional area, and finally the length to be cut is determined by a camera or a non-contact displacement sensor. Therefore, this patented device assumes that the cross-sectional area of the continuous casting slab is constant in a certain long section, and there will also be errors in measuring the length, so its theoretical accuracy is still unthinkable and has great limitations. the
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题,是提供一种横截面积分式连铸坯激光视觉定重切割方法,通过视觉成像系统与切割系统同步技术,可实现连铸坯横截面轮廓面积在连铸坯传送速度方向上的实时积分,实现连铸坯横截面轮廓面积的实时高精度计算,将现有定尺切割系统技术升级为定重切割系统,大大提高连铸坯的定重精度,减少后续钢材产品的废品率,从而提高生产效率和经济效益。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cross-sectional integrated continuous casting slab laser vision fixed-weight cutting method. Through the synchronization technology of the visual imaging system and the cutting system, the cross-sectional contour area of the continuous casting slab can be transferred to the continuous casting slab. The real-time integration in the speed direction realizes the real-time high-precision calculation of the cross-sectional area of the continuous casting slab, upgrades the existing fixed-length cutting system technology to the fixed-weight cutting system, greatly improves the fixed-weight accuracy of the continuous casting slab, and reduces subsequent steel products The scrap rate, thereby improving production efficiency and economic benefits. the
本发明的另一个目的,是提供一种横截面积分式连铸坯激光视觉定重装置,用作上述横截面积分式连铸坯激光视觉定重切割方法的载体,组成简单,计算精准,可实现连铸坯的视觉成像与切割同步进行。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a cross-sectional integral continuous casting slab laser visual weighing device, which is used as the carrier of the above-mentioned cross-sectional integral continuous casting slab laser visual weight weighing cutting method, which is simple in composition, accurate in calculation, and can be Realize the simultaneous visual imaging and cutting of the continuous casting slab. the
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是: In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一种横截面积分式连铸坯激光视觉定重切割方法,按照以下步骤顺序进行: A cross-sectional integrated continuous casting slab laser vision fixed-weight cutting method, which is carried out according to the following steps:
②激光照射与CCD摄像机成像 ②Laser irradiation and CCD camera imaging
利用线性激光器在切割刀安装位置对应连铸坯横截面处进行激光照射,形成位于同一竖向平面A内的光条,竖向平面A与连铸坯的轴线相垂直; Use a linear laser to irradiate the laser on the cross-section of the continuous casting slab corresponding to the installation position of the cutting knife to form a light strip located in the same vertical plane A, and the vertical plane A is perpendicular to the axis of the continuous casting slab;
于光条后部由CCD摄像机拍摄,成光条的全像;进行光条曲线拟合,得到连铸坯上光条位置横截面的图像, The rear part of the light strip is photographed by a CCD camera to form a full image of the light strip; the light strip curve fitting is carried out to obtain the cross-sectional image of the position of the light strip on the continuous casting slab,
②计算:根据上述连铸坯光条位置横截面的图像,计算出连铸坯上光条位置横截面的面积;以此类推,测出经过切割位置的每一个连铸坯成像横截面的面积Sit,并对其在连铸坯行进速度方向上进行积分,确定定重切割的重量; ②Calculation: Calculate the area of the cross-section of the position of the light strip on the continuous casting slab according to the image of the cross-section of the position of the light strip on the continuous casting slab; by analogy, measure the area of the imaging cross-section of each continuous casting slab after the cutting position S it , and integrate it in the direction of the traveling speed of the continuous casting slab to determine the weight of the constant weight cutting;
③切割:等达到所要求定重切割的重量时,实施切割。 ③Cutting: Cutting is carried out when the required weight is reached. the
以上是本发明方法的基本组成,可实现连铸坯横截面轮廓面积在连铸坯传送速度方向上的实时积分,大大提高连铸坯的定重精度,减少后续钢材产品的废品率,从而提高生产效率和经济效益,经初步测算,对汽车钢等对定尺率要求较高的连铸坯而言,该方法可将钢坯的成材率提高1%左右,每吨钢将节省50元,以石家庄钢厂年产200万吨汽车钢为例,每年可节省1亿元。 The above is the basic composition of the method of the present invention, which can realize the real-time integral of the cross-sectional profile area of the continuous casting billet in the direction of the conveying speed of the continuous casting billet, greatly improve the weighing accuracy of the continuous casting billet, reduce the reject rate of subsequent steel products, and thereby improve Production efficiency and economic benefits, according to preliminary calculations, for continuous casting slabs such as automobile steels that require a high sizing ratio, this method can increase the yield of steel slabs by about 1%, and save 50 yuan per ton of steel. Taking Shijiazhuang Steel Plant as an example with an annual output of 2 million tons of automobile steel, it can save 100 million yuan per year. the
作为本发明的限定,所述步骤①是按照以下步骤顺序进行的: As a limitation of the present invention, said step 1. is carried out according to the following sequence of steps:
(1)线性激光器的安装与调整 (1) Installation and adjustment of linear laser
安装:在切割刀安装位置对应连铸坯横截面的左右两侧,分别安装一个朝向连铸坯的线性激光器,即左侧线激光器与右侧线激光器; Installation: On the left and right sides of the cross-section of the continuous casting slab corresponding to the installation position of the cutting knife, install a linear laser facing the continuous casting slab, namely the left line laser and the right line laser;
调整:定重前对左侧线激光器与右侧线激光器进行调整,以使左侧线激光器照在连铸坯的上表面和左侧面上的光束为光条状,分别为光条I与光条II;调整后右侧线激光器照在连铸坯的上表面和右侧面上的光束为光条状,分别为光条III与光条IV;光条I~IV位于同一竖向平面A内,调整后光条I与光条III重合; Adjustment: Adjust the left line laser and the right line laser before the fixed weight, so that the light beams of the left line laser on the upper surface and the left side of the continuous casting slab are light strips, which are light strip I and light strip I respectively. Light bar II; after adjustment, the light beams illuminated by the right line laser on the upper surface and the right side of the continuous casting slab are light bar shapes, respectively light bar III and light bar IV; light bars I~IV are located on the same vertical plane In A, the light bar I and the light bar III overlap after adjustment;
(3)CCD摄像机的安装与调整 (3) Installation and adjustment of CCD camera
安装:在与光条I~IV所在竖向平面A后部(即与连铸坯行进方向的相反方向的相应处),于连铸坯的左右两侧各装有一架CCD摄像机即左侧CCD摄像机、右侧CCD摄像机,左侧CCD摄像机、右侧CCD摄像机位于与平面A呈一锐角的倾斜平面B上,左侧CCD摄像机、右侧CCD摄像机的镜头朝向连铸坯; Installation: At the rear of the vertical plane A where the light strips I~IV are located (that is, at the corresponding position opposite to the direction in which the continuous casting slab travels), a CCD camera is installed on the left and right sides of the continuous casting slab, that is, the left CCD The camera, the right CCD camera, the left CCD camera and the right CCD camera are located on the inclined plane B forming an acute angle with the plane A, and the lenses of the left CCD camera and the right CCD camera are facing the continuous casting slab;
调整:定重前对左侧CCD摄像机、右侧CCD摄像机进行调整,以使左侧CCD摄像机能成光条I与光条II的全像,右侧CCD摄像机能成光条III与光条IV的全像,并标定左侧CCD摄像机与右侧CCD摄像机之间的相对位置关系; Adjustment: Adjust the left CCD camera and the right CCD camera before fixing the weight, so that the left CCD camera can form the full image of light bar I and light bar II, and the right CCD camera can form the full image of light bar III and light bar IV image, and calibrate the relative positional relationship between the left CCD camera and the right CCD camera;
(3)拍摄与成像:当连铸坯以一定行进速度v经过切割位置时,左侧CCD摄像机、右侧CCD摄像机同时拍摄光条图像,拍摄的图像将通过数据电缆由USB口将图像对应的数字信号传输到计算机,并利用计算机由图像处理和定重系统进行光条曲线拟合,得到连铸坯上光条位置横截面的图像。 (3) Shooting and imaging: When the continuous casting slab passes the cutting position at a certain speed v, the left CCD camera and the right CCD camera simultaneously shoot the light strip image, and the captured image will be transferred to the corresponding image by the USB port through the data cable. The digital signal is transmitted to the computer, and the light strip curve fitting is performed by the computer through the image processing and constant weight system, and the image of the cross section of the light strip position on the continuous casting slab is obtained. the
以上是激光照射与CCD摄像机成像过程的具体步骤,可以实现连铸坯横截面轮廓面积的实时高精度计算,由于CCD摄像机的像素级分辨率在微米级,所以所测连铸坯横截 面面积的精度是以往其它方法所无法比拟的。 The above are the specific steps of the laser irradiation and CCD camera imaging process, which can realize real-time high-precision calculation of the cross-sectional area of the continuous casting slab. Since the pixel-level resolution of the CCD camera is at the micron level, the measured cross-sectional area of the continuous casting slab The accuracy is unmatched by other previous methods. the
作为本发明的另一种限定,所述步骤②按照以下步骤顺序进行: As another limitation of the present invention, the step ② is carried out in the following order:
根据连铸坯光条位置横截面的图像,利用计算机由图像处理和定重系统计算出连铸坯上光条位置横截面的面积;以此类推,测出经过切割位置的每一个经成像的连铸坯成像横截面的面积Sit; According to the image of the cross-section of the position of the light strip on the continuous casting slab, the computer is used to calculate the area of the cross-section of the position of the light strip on the continuous casting slab through the image processing and weighing system; The area S it of the imaging cross-section of the continuous casting slab;
由图像处理和定重系统将上述计算所得横截面面积Sit在连铸坯行进速度方向上进行积分,确定定重切割的重量:由于连铸坯横截面的面积变化与时间t没有确定的关系,假定CCD摄像机两次拍摄图像的时间间隔Δt内连铸坯横截面的面积不变,则定重重量w为,式中ρ为连铸坯密度,v为连铸坯传送速度;sit为某时刻连铸坯横截面面积;Δt为摄像机相邻两次拍照间隔时间。 The cross-sectional area S it calculated above is integrated in the direction of the continuous casting slab’s traveling speed by the image processing and constant weight system to determine the weight of the constant weight cutting: since the area change of the continuous casting slab’s cross section has no definite relationship with time t , assuming that the area of the cross-section of the continuous casting slab does not change within the time interval Δt between the two images taken by the CCD camera, then the constant weight w is , where ρ is the density of the continuous casting slab, v is the conveying speed of the continuous casting slab; s it is the cross-sectional area of the continuous casting slab at a certain moment; Δt is the interval between two adjacent pictures taken by the camera.
以上为计算步骤的具体过程,该计算过程可以实现连铸坯横截面轮廓面积在连铸坯传送速度方向上的实时积分,由于每一个成像截面面积的计算精度已经很高,而面积积分是一种纯数学问题,所以最终的定重精度也是以往其它方法所无法比拟的。利用本方法可将现有定尺切割系统技术升级为定重切割系统,将连铸坯的定重精度至少提高一个百分点。 The above is the specific process of the calculation steps. This calculation process can realize the real-time integration of the cross-sectional contour area of the continuous casting billet in the direction of the conveying speed of the continuous casting billet. Since the calculation accuracy of each imaging cross-sectional area is already very high, the area integral is a It is a purely mathematical problem, so the final weighing accuracy is unmatched by other methods in the past. By using the method, the technology of the existing cutting-to-length system can be upgraded to a cutting-to-weight system, and the weight-setting precision of the continuous casting slab can be improved by at least one percentage point. the
本发明还有一种限定,所述步骤③是这样实现的:通过将某一时刻由图像处理与定重系统积分到的连铸坯重量与工艺参数要求的定重进行比较,当积分到的连铸坯重量达到工艺参数要求的定重w时,由装有控制系统的计算机通过串口通信用数字脉冲信号通知切割装置实施切割。 The present invention also has a limitation, the step ③ is realized in this way: by comparing the continuous casting slab weight integrated by the image processing and constant weight system at a certain moment with the fixed weight required by the process parameters, when the integrated continuous casting weight When the weight of the slab reaches the fixed weight w required by the process parameters, the computer equipped with the control system will notify the cutting device with a digital pulse signal through serial communication to implement cutting. the
这是切割的具体操作,可以实现切割与定重完成的同步,提高切割系统的灵敏度和切割精度。 This is the specific operation of cutting, which can realize the synchronization of cutting and fixed weight, and improve the sensitivity and cutting accuracy of the cutting system. the
本发明还提供了一种实施本发明上述方法的横截面积分式连铸坯激光视觉定重装置,该装置包括左侧线性激光器与右侧线性激光器、左侧CCD摄像机与右侧CCD摄像机及计算机,其中: The present invention also provides a cross-sectional integral continuous casting slab laser vision weighing device for implementing the above method of the present invention, the device includes a left linear laser and a right linear laser, a left CCD camera and a right CCD camera and a computer ,in:
左侧线性激光器与右侧线性激光器----设于切割刀安装位置对应连铸坯横截面处,于连铸坯的左右两侧分布,用于对连铸坯3进行激光照射,以形成位于同一竖向平面A内的光条I~IV; The left linear laser and the right linear laser are located at the position where the cutting knife is installed corresponding to the cross-section of the continuous casting slab, distributed on the left and right sides of the continuous casting slab, and are used to irradiate the continuous casting slab 3 with laser light to form Light bars I~IV located in the same vertical plane A;
左侧CCD摄像机与右侧CCD摄像机----设于线性激光器的后上方,分设于连铸坯左右两侧上方,其与切割刀所在竖向平面呈一锐角且位于光条后方,用于拍摄光条I~IV以成其全像,其信号输出端通过数据电缆与计算机的USB口相连; The left CCD camera and the right CCD camera are located above the back of the linear laser and above the left and right sides of the continuous casting slab. They form an acute angle with the vertical plane where the cutting knife is located and are located behind the light bar. They are used for Shoot light strips I~IV to form a hologram, and the signal output end is connected to the USB port of the computer through a data cable;
计算机----装有图像处理与定重系统,计算机通过USB口与CCD摄像积之间用数据电缆连接,用于对光条I~IV全像进行光条曲线拟合,得到连铸坯上光条I~IV所处位置的横截面图像,并可在计算机屏幕上显示;同时,该系统自动计算该横截面面积,并将该面积在连铸坯行进速度方向上进行积分,得到目前积分到的连铸坯重量,然后将积分到的连铸坯重量与工艺定重参数进行比较当达到所要求定重切割的重量时,计算机通过串口向切割系统发送数字脉冲信号,通知切割系统实施切割。 Computer - equipped with an image processing and weighing system, the computer is connected with the CCD camera through the USB port with a data cable, and is used to fit the light strip curve to the light strip I ~ IV hologram to obtain the continuous casting slab The cross-sectional images of the positions of the glazing bars I~IV can be displayed on the computer screen; at the same time, the system automatically calculates the cross-sectional area, and integrates the area in the direction of the continuous casting slab’s traveling speed to obtain the current The integrated continuous casting slab weight, and then compare the integrated continuous casting slab weight with the process fixed weight parameters. When the required fixed weight cutting weight is reached, the computer sends a digital pulse signal to the cutting system through the serial port to notify the cutting system to implement cutting. the
以上是本发明定重装置的基本组成,利用横截面积分式连铸坯激光视觉定重切割方法对连铸坯进行定重测量,可以对连铸坯横截面轮廓面积在连铸坯传送速度方向上进行 实时积分,大大提高连铸坯的定重精度,减少后续钢材产品的废品率,从而提高生产效率和经济效益。该装置结构简单,操作方便,计算精准。 The above is the basic composition of the weighing device of the present invention. Using the cross-sectional integral type continuous casting slab laser vision weighting cutting method to carry out constant weight measurement on the continuous casting slab, the cross-sectional profile area of the continuous casting slab can be measured in the direction of the continuous casting slab conveying speed. Real-time integration is carried out on the system, which greatly improves the weighing accuracy of continuous casting slabs, reduces the scrap rate of subsequent steel products, and thus improves production efficiency and economic benefits. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and accurate calculation. the
由于采用了上述的技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比,所取得的技术进步在于:本发明的方法及装置,可实现连铸坯横截面轮廓面积在连铸坯传送速度方向上的实时积分,最终实现定重切割,大大提高连铸坯的定重精度,减少后续钢材产品的废品率,提高成材率,从而提高生产效率和经济效益。 Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the technical progress of the present invention is that the method and device of the present invention can realize the real-time measurement of the cross-sectional profile area of the continuous casting slab in the direction of the continuous casting slab conveying speed. Integral, finally realize fixed weight cutting, greatly improve the fixed weight accuracy of continuous casting slabs, reduce the scrap rate of subsequent steel products, improve the yield of finished products, thereby improving production efficiency and economic benefits. the
本发明适用于钢铁冶炼过程,实现对连铸坯进行定重切割。 The invention is applicable to the iron and steel smelting process, and realizes constant-weight cutting of continuous casting slabs. the
本发明下面将结合说明书附图与具体实施例作进一步详细说明。 The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. the
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明横截面积分式连铸坯激光视觉定重装置中部分组件的布局示意图; Fig. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of some components in the cross-sectional integral continuous casting slab laser vision weighing device of the present invention;
图2、图3分别是光条成像形态图; Figure 2 and Figure 3 are the morphological diagrams of light strip imaging;
图4是对连铸坯横截面轮廓拟合过程示意图; Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the process of fitting the cross-sectional profile of the continuous casting slab;
图5是连铸坯横截面拍摄间隔过程及面积积分过程示意图; Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the shooting interval process and area integration process of the cross-section of the continuous casting slab;
图6为本发明实施例中计算机所装图像处理与定重系统的流程图。 Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the image processing and weighing system installed in the computer in the embodiment of the present invention. the
图中:11-左侧线性激光器,12-右侧线性激光器,21-左侧CCD摄像机,22-右侧CCD摄像机,3-连铸坯,4-数据电缆,5-计算机,I~IV-光条。 In the figure: 11-left linear laser, 12-right linear laser, 21-left CCD camera, 22-right CCD camera, 3-continuous casting billet, 4-data cable, 5-computer, I~IV- light bar. the
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例 Example
一种横截面积分式连铸坯激光视觉定重切割方法,按照以下步骤顺序进行: A cross-sectional integrated continuous casting slab laser vision fixed-weight cutting method, which is carried out according to the following steps:
①激光照射与CCD摄像机成像 ①Laser irradiation and CCD camera imaging
利用线性激光器在切割刀安装位置对应连铸坯横截面处进行激光照射,形成位于同一竖向平面A内的光条,竖向平面A与连铸坯的轴线相垂直; Use a linear laser to irradiate the laser on the cross-section of the continuous casting slab corresponding to the installation position of the cutting knife to form a light strip located in the same vertical plane A, and the vertical plane A is perpendicular to the axis of the continuous casting slab;
于光条后部由CCD摄像机拍摄,成光条的全像;进行光条曲线拟合,得到连铸坯上光条位置横截面的图像。 The rear part of the light strip is taken by a CCD camera to form a hologram of the light strip; the light strip curve fitting is performed to obtain the cross-sectional image of the position of the light strip on the continuous casting slab. the
激光照射与CCD摄像机成像具体按照以下步骤顺序进行: Laser irradiation and CCD camera imaging are carried out in the following steps:
(1)线性激光器的安装与调整 (1) Installation and adjustment of linear laser
安装:在切割刀安装位置对应连铸坯3的左右两侧,分别安装一个朝向连铸坯3的线性激光器,即左侧线激光器11与右侧线激光器12;
Installation: On the left and right sides of the continuous casting slab 3 corresponding to the cutting knife installation position, install a linear laser facing the continuous casting slab 3 respectively, that is, the
调整:定重前对左侧线激光器11与右侧线激光器12进行调整,以使左侧线激光器11照在连铸坯3的上表面和左侧面上的光束为光条状,分别为光条I与光条II;调整后右侧线激光器12照在连铸坯3的上表面和右侧面上的光束为光条状,分别为光条III与光条IV;光条I~IV位于同一竖向平面A内且平面A与连铸坯3轴线垂直,调整后光条I与光条III重合;
Adjustment: Adjust the
(4)CCD摄像机的安装与调整 (4) Installation and adjustment of CCD camera
安装:在与光条I~IV所在竖向平面A后部(即与连铸坯3行进方向的相反方向的相应处),于连铸坯3的左右两侧各装有一架CCD摄像机即左侧CCD摄像机21、右侧CCD摄像机22,左侧CCD摄像机21、右侧CCD摄像机22位于与平面A呈一锐角的倾斜平面 B上,左侧CCD摄像机21、右侧CCD摄像机22的镜头朝向连铸坯3;
Installation: At the rear of the vertical plane A where light strips I~IV are located (that is, corresponding to the opposite direction of the continuous casting billet 3), a CCD camera is installed on the left and right sides of the continuous casting billet 3, that is, the left
调整:定重前对左侧CCD摄像机21、右侧CCD摄像机22进行调整,以使左侧CCD摄像机21能成光条I与光条II的全像,右侧CCD摄像机22能成光条III与光条IV的全像,并标定左侧CCD摄像机21与右侧CCD摄像机22之间的相对位置关系(因为左、右侧相机分别成前侧面上表面和后侧面上表面光条的全像,将这两部分图像拟合成对应横截面轮廓图像时,所开发的图像拟合系统算法中需要知道这两个相机之间的相对位置关系参数)。
Adjustment: Adjust the left
(3)拍摄与成像:当连铸坯3以一定行进速度v经过切割位置时,左侧CCD摄像机21、右侧CCD摄像机22同时拍摄光条图像,拍摄的图像通过数据电缆由USB口将图像对应的数字信号传输到计算机,并由图像处理和定重系统进行光条曲线拟合,得到连铸坯3的相对于光条I~IV位置处的横截面的图像。
(3) Shooting and imaging: when the continuous casting slab 3 passes through the cutting position with a certain advancing speed v, the left
②计算:根据上述连铸坯光条位置横截面的图像,计算出连铸坯上光条位置横截面的面积;以此类推,测出经过切割位置的每一个经成像的连铸坯成像横截面的面积Sit,并对其在连铸坯行进速度方向上进行积分,确定定重切割的重量。 ②Calculation: Calculate the area of the cross-section of the light strip on the continuous casting slab according to the image of the cross-section of the position of the light strip on the continuous casting slab; The area S it of the cross section is integrated in the direction of the continuous casting slab's traveling speed to determine the weight of the fixed weight cut.
具体地,计算步骤这样实现: Specifically, the calculation steps are implemented as follows:
根据连铸坯光条位置横截面的图像,由图像处理和定重系统计算出连铸坯上光条位置横截面的面积;以此类推,测出经过切割位置的每一个经成像的连铸坯成像横截面的面积Sit; According to the image of the cross-section of the position of the light strip on the continuous casting slab, the area of the cross-section of the position of the light strip on the continuous casting slab is calculated by the image processing and weighing system; by analogy, each imaged continuous casting that passes through the cutting position is measured The area S it of the imaging cross-section of the billet;
计算机利用图像处理和定重系统将上述计算所得横截面面积Sit在连铸坯行进速度方向上进行积分,确定定重切割的重量:由于连铸坯横截面的面积变化与时间t没有确定的关系,假定CCD摄像机两次拍摄图像的时间间隔Δt内连铸坯横截面的面积不变,则定重重量w为,式中ρ为连铸坯密度;v为连铸坯传送速度;sit为某时刻连铸坯横截面面积;Δt为摄像机相邻两次拍照间隔时间 The computer uses image processing and constant weight system to integrate the cross-sectional area S it calculated above in the direction of the continuous casting slab’s traveling speed to determine the weight of the constant weight cutting: since the area change of the continuous casting slab cross-section and time t are not determined relationship, assuming that the area of the cross-section of the continuous casting slab does not change within the time interval Δt between two images taken by the CCD camera, then the constant weight w is , where ρ is the density of the continuous casting slab; v is the conveying speed of the continuous casting slab; s it is the cross-sectional area of the continuous casting slab at a certain moment;
③切割:等达到所要求定重切割的重量时,实施切割。 ③Cutting: Cutting is carried out when the required weight is reached. the
切割过程是这样实现的:将积分到的连铸坯重量与工艺定重参数进行比较,当计算机利用所装系统的定重功能判断认为连铸坯的重量达到所要求定重切割的重量w时,计算机通过串口向切割系统发送一数字脉冲信号,通知切割系统实施切割。 The cutting process is realized in this way: compare the integrated continuous casting slab weight with the fixed weight parameter of the process, when the computer judges that the weight of the continuous casting slab reaches the required fixed weight cutting weight w by using the fixed weight function of the installed system , the computer sends a digital pulse signal to the cutting system through the serial port to notify the cutting system to implement cutting. the
本实施例还提供了一种横截面积分式连铸坯激光视觉定重装置,该装置包括左侧线性激光器11与右侧线性激光器12、左侧CCD摄像机21与右侧CCD摄像机22,还包括装有图像处理与定重系统的计算机,计算机与CCD摄像机之间用数据电缆连接其中;
This embodiment also provides a cross-sectional integral type continuous casting slab laser vision weighing device, which includes a left
左侧线性激光器11与右侧线性激光器12----设于切割刀安装位置对应连铸坯横截面处,于连铸坯3的左右两侧分布,用于对连铸坯3进行激光照射,以形成位于同一竖向平面A内的光条I~IV;
The left
左侧CCD摄像机21与右侧CCD摄像机22----设于线性激光器的后上方,分设于连铸坯3左右两侧上方,其与切割刀所在竖向平面呈一锐角并位于光条后方,用于拍摄光条I~IV以成其全像,其信号输出端通过数据电缆与计算机的USB口相连;
The
计算机上装有图像处理与定重系统,用于对光条I~IV全像进行光条曲线拟合,得到连铸坯上光条I~IV所处位置的横截面图像,并可在计算机屏幕上显示;同时,该软件自动计算该横截面面积,并将该面积在连铸坯行进速度方向上进行积分,得到目前积分到 The computer is equipped with an image processing and weighing system, which is used to fit the light strip curve to the full image of the light strips I~IV, and obtain the cross-sectional images of the positions of the light strips I~IV on the continuous casting slab, and display them on the computer screen. at the same time, the software automatically calculates the cross-sectional area, and integrates the area in the direction of the continuous casting slab's traveling speed to obtain the current integral to
到的连铸坯重量,然后将积分到的连铸坯重量与工艺定重参数进行比较当达到所要求定重切割的重量时,计算机通过串口向切割系统发送一数字脉冲信号,通知切割系统实施切割。 Then compare the integrated continuous casting slab weight with the fixed weight parameters of the process. When the required fixed weight cutting weight is reached, the computer sends a digital pulse signal to the cutting system through the serial port to notify the cutting system to implement cutting. the
本实施例中的计算机选用的是笔记本电脑。 The computer in this embodiment is a notebook computer. the
本实施中所提到图像处理与定重系统,用于实现系统参数的设置、CCD摄像机的标定、连铸坯横截面光条图像的采集、光条图像的处理与拟合、拟合后的横截面面积计算、横截面面积在连铸坯传送方向上的积分运算及其与切割系统的通讯等功能。该系统主要包括系统参数设置模块、CCD摄像机标定模块、图像采集模块、图像处理模块、横截面面积计算模块、横截面面积积分模块和定重系统与切割系统的通讯模块。该系统的图像处理与定重功能是通过执行相应程序的软件来实现,所述软件的程序流程图如图6所示。 The image processing and weighing system mentioned in this implementation is used to realize the setting of system parameters, the calibration of CCD camera, the collection of light strip images of the cross-section of continuous casting slabs, the processing and fitting of light strip images, and the fitting Calculation of cross-sectional area, integral calculation of cross-sectional area in the conveying direction of continuous casting slab and communication with cutting system, etc. The system mainly includes a system parameter setting module, a CCD camera calibration module, an image acquisition module, an image processing module, a cross-sectional area calculation module, a cross-sectional area integral module, and a communication module between the weighing system and the cutting system. The image processing and weight-fixing functions of the system are realized by software executing corresponding programs, and the program flow chart of the software is shown in FIG. 6 . the
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