CN102098858B - Starter of gas discharge lamp - Google Patents
Starter of gas discharge lamp Download PDFInfo
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- CN102098858B CN102098858B CN 201110009866 CN201110009866A CN102098858B CN 102098858 B CN102098858 B CN 102098858B CN 201110009866 CN201110009866 CN 201110009866 CN 201110009866 A CN201110009866 A CN 201110009866A CN 102098858 B CN102098858 B CN 102098858B
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Abstract
The invention provides a starter of a gas discharge lamp which can prolong the service life of lamp. A positive-negative pulse beam is adopted to start the gas discharge lamp. The starter is characterized by comprising a multivibrator, a positive-negative pulse generator, a tube reactor and a locking signal detector; the input end of the multivibrator is connected with the output end of the locking signal detector, and the output end of the multivibrator is connected with the input end of the positive-negative pulse generator; the output end of the positive-negative pulse generator is mutually inducted with the tube reactor through a starting inductor; the input end of the locking signal detector acquires signal from the tube reactor through a locking inductor; one end of the tube reactor is grounded, and the other end of the tube reactor is connected to the cathode of the gas discharge lamp.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of starter of gaseous discharge lamp.
Background technology
Adopt pulses to start to gaseous discharge lamp great majority both at home and abroad at present, utilization be that soup is given birth to breakdown theory.Particularly, puncture neutral gas with high-voltage pulse exactly, make insulator change into conductor, make exactly the interior gas of bulb be converted into glow discharge.After bulb entered glow discharge state, starting impulse disappeared automatically, and the electronics that discharge needs is pulled out secondary electron and compensated by "+ion " bombarding cathode.Pulse can only make lamp enter glow discharge state when starting fluorescent tube, starts signal and automatically disappears, and needed electronics is reduced the work function of cathode emission thing, increased heat emission, i.e. γ emission by+Ions Bombardment negative electrode during the glow discharge.And during the heavy ion bombardment negative electrode, the part emitting material that makes cathode surface splashed cause anticathode extensive damage, the bulb side blackout causes by splashing, and it is with the grievous injury bulb life.The longer cathode emission material consumption of glow discharge time is larger.Because thermal inertia needs the long period, cathode temperature just can reach the optimal design value, and arc discharge will be excessively arrived in glow discharge this moment, starts just to calculate to finish.
Pulse starting impulse width is generally at 1-3ms, work for this professor's discussion according to Cai Zuquan professor and Massachusetts Institute Technology's John F prestige: no matter be that hyperbar or low-pressure discharge lamp start once the emitting material that (when referring to pulse) consume and be equivalent to the emitting material that normal utilization consumed in 2 hours, for example the high-pressure sodium lamp life-span is 32000 hours now, added in 11 hours if on average work every day startup once (sometimes more than once) be equivalent to calculate for the cycle in totally 13 hours in 2 hours, can use 2461 days, the normal startup spends 15%, lighting hours is actual only has 85%, and the visible material that starts consumption is a lot.It is more to consume the cathode emission material, diminishes the bulb Acceptable life.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: a kind of starter of gas discharge lamp that can prolonging lamp tube service life is provided.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of taking to be: a kind of starter of gas discharge lamp is characterized in that: it comprises multivibrator, positive negative pulse stuffing generator, fluorescent tube reactor and locking signal detector;
Described multivibrator input is connected with the output of locking signal detector, and the multivibrator output is connected with the input of positive negative pulse stuffing generator;
The output of described positive negative pulse stuffing generator starts inductance and the mutual inductance of described fluorescent tube reactor by one;
The input of described locking signal detector blocks inductance from the number of winning the confidence of described fluorescent tube reactor by one;
Described fluorescent tube reactor one end ground connection, the negative electrode of other end access gaseous discharge lamp.
Press such scheme, described multivibrator comprises the first NAND gate, the second NAND gate, the first resistance, the second resistance, the 3rd NAND gate and the second electric capacity; The input of the output of the first NAND gate and the second NAND gate be connected an end of electric capacity and be connected, the output of the second NAND gate is connected and is connected with the other end of the second electric capacity behind the first resistance, second resistance of connecting again, the output of the second resistance is connected with the input of the 3rd NAND gate, the output of the 3rd NAND gate is the output of described multivibrator, and is connected with the input of the first NAND gate.
Press such scheme, described positive negative pulse stuffing generator comprises the 4th NAND gate, the 3rd resistance, the 4th resistance, field effect transistor, the 3rd electric capacity, the 4th electric capacity and voltage stabilizing didoe; The output of the 4th NAND gate connects with the 3rd resistance, the grid of another termination field effect transistor of the 3rd resistance, the drain electrode of field effect transistor connects described startup inductance one end, simultaneously drain electrode connects the 3rd electric capacity one end, another termination source electrode and ground connection of the 3rd electric capacity, the source electrode of field effect transistor connects the right end of voltage stabilizing didoe, the grid of the other end termination field effect transistor that voltage stabilizing didoe is right, start another termination the 4th resistance of inductance, connect simultaneously the 4th electric capacity, another termination power supply high voltage power supply of the 4th resistance, the other end ground connection of the 4th electric capacity; Described voltage stabilizing didoe is to being comprised of two interconnective voltage stabilizing didoes of output.
Press such scheme, described locking signal detector comprises diode and the first electric capacity; One end of the first electric capacity is connected with diode output, other end ground connection; The input of diode is the input of described locking signal detector, and the output of diode is the output of described locking signal detector.
Described startup inductance L
1With fluorescent tube reactor L
2The multiplication factor of mutual inductance is decided on the character of bulb power size and lamp; If the power of gaseous discharge lamp is 35W-1000W, the multiplication factor of described startup inductance and the mutual inductance of fluorescent tube reactor is 8-9 times; If the power of gaseous discharge lamp is more than the 3000W, the multiplication factor of described startup inductance and the mutual inductance of fluorescent tube reactor is greater than 20 times; If the power of gaseous discharge lamp is below the 30W, the multiplication factor of described startup inductance and the mutual inductance of fluorescent tube reactor is 3 times.
Operation principle of the present invention is the streamer breakdown theory: principal character is that spark formation is extremely short time of delay, and is full of all spaces in the bulb, and short delay time all can not be explained with Secondary Emission, " ± particle " collision, electron avalanche like this.Under the effect of external electric field, cathode material does not have great contribution to discharge, so the secondary of negative electrode can be ignored.The task of this shows startup is to create conditions, and makes the interior neutral gas of bulb form at the very start streamer and punctures (or the time punctures).
The present invention adopts the positive negative pulse stuffing bundle to start gaseous discharge lamp, K for creating above-mentioned condition
i(i=1.2.3 ...) amplitude of inferior startup positive negative pulse stuffing group | ± K
i| the withstand voltage rated value of≤bulb, starting impulse K
iMaximum amplitude determine with bulb rated insulation voltage and watt level; The 20 μ s left and right sides times that were enabled in, interior lamp entered the arc discharge state, and did not stop in glow discharge state, was beneficial to reduce to greatest extent the consumption of emitting material; The emitting material consumption of lamp cathode is several ten thousand of the emitting substance quality that consumes when starting of pulse/several during startup, does not particularly have the phenomenon of " cation " bombarding cathode, is beneficial to prolong the Acceptable life of bulb.
For lamp, the conductor of breakdown the becoming of neutral gas atom of insulation ± ion and electronics in the bulb.Be simple meter, with electronics and ± ion, be referred to as particle, the ion of every positively charged is called " positive corpusc(u)le ", electronegative ion and electronics are called " negative particle "." positive and negative particle " is in the anode working voltage U
AEffect under respectively anode and negative electrode make acceleration movement, constantly draw the energy of external electric field in advancing.When their absorbed energy reach certain value, produce new electronics, ion pair with new neutral atom or molecular collision again, because mass of ion is than the large several orders of magnitude of electron mass, and their suffered electric field forces are identical, so the acceleration of electronics is much larger than the acceleration of ion, when electronic kinetic energy is enough large, just can and neutral atom, molecular collision, this new collision has 99.9% all to be the collision of electronics and neutral atom or molecule.The collision of ion and neutral atom only has 0.1%, is negligible.
When positive negative pulse stuffing comes one after another, moving in circles has 20～25 pairs ± impulse action within 20～25 μ s times.Can make the gas breakdown discharge and enter glow discharge state because electron avalanche makes to discharge if a high-voltage pulse starts, so in the situation that ± pulsed beams start: except electron avalanche, ionization channels also has other process, Here it is ionization channels is wire, branch, under asymmetry electrode, as long as not bery high voltage is arranged, it just begins to develop and can reach long distance, and this phenomenon is called " streamer puncture " (or the time punctures).Because it is wire, the streamer disruptive spark is called " streamer punctures mechanism ".The development of streamer process is exceedingly fast, and the test proof is 10
-8Second time in, whole space in fluorescent tube, neutral gas atom, molecule, demonstrate ionization, excite, decompose, resurrection, luminous, generate heat.This phenomenon is to meet reasonablely with " streamer puncture " theoretical explanation of gas with calculating anode current and measured value.± pulse enable lamp enters the arc discharge state at the beginning.Put on black and protect light microscopic, examine the luminescence process of bulb, at bulb side two very stable bright spots are arranged, uniformly flavous smooth cylinder is arranged from the anode to the negative electrode, do not have the phenomenons such as flicker, distortion, jump, thickness inequality, light and shade interval.This is typical arc discharge feature.Just brightness is bright not enough, after bulb starts, starting impulse is automatically blocked by circuit and disappears, the needed electron stream of arc discharge, by neutral atom molecular collision compensation in " ± " particle and the bulb, behind+impulse action 1 μ the s-and the pulse arrival, negative particle will obtain larger electric field energy, accelerate the process that ionizes, excites, decomposes, brings back to life, generates heat.But secondary has not existed.Because negative pulse can only make the flap band thickening of lamp cathode surface, the free electron in the constraint conduction band makes it can not break away from cathode surface.
Gas in cathode emission material and the bulb is called ground state when being neutrality, and neutral gas atom, molecule are insulators, becomes state of ionization when it is breakdown, excitation state transforms into conductor, but this two states all is unsettled.It will present gas atom or molecule with quantization form backspace ground state, this phenomenon is called resurrection, while also discharges photoelectron (being visible light) and heat, in the axis zone of the anode of bulb and negative electrode, electronics and neutral atom and molecular collision probability are maximum, and the density of ± particle is maximum.What ± particle density was large will be to the diffusion of the little fringe region of density, in diffusion ± and particle discharges (or absorption) unnecessary valence electron and brings back to life into neutral gas atom or molecule.And bulb is large near the density of shell location neutral atom and molecule, it also will be to the little center diffusion of density, in diffusion with ± particle encounter, occur to ionize or excite, these two kinds of dispersal directions are opposite, and the former is ± particle is to the diffusion of bulb edge, and the latter is that the neutral atom of bulb edge or molecule are to the neutral zone diffusion of bulb, constantly generation ± particle and neutral atom or molecule in diffusion, and releases heat and photon.Enter dynamic balance state through behind the certain hour, namely "+particle " number and " particle " number " equate " that region of discharge becomes " electric neutrality " and is called the center pillar district, and luminous main by this zone, bulb enters stable state.
Add startup ± pulse "+K on the negative electrode of bulb
0" time, the forbidden band attenuation of cathode surface emitting material has reduced work function, makes to be in energy is larger in the conduction band electronics and to break away from forbidden band potential barrier constraint, and breaks away from matallic surface layer, and the electronics of acquisition is called secondary like this.The quantity of secondary can be calculated according to Schottky effect and tunnel effect.Obviously the pulse signal width is narrower, and is shorter in the time of cathodic process, and forbidden band time of living in that narrows down is just shorter, and the electron number of Secondary Emission will be fewer, and the emitting material consumption of negative electrode deposit is less.Add on the negative electrode-during pulse, so that the thickening of the forbidden band of cathode emission material surface layer has increased the constraint of forbidden band potential barrier to electronics in the conduction band, make it can not break away from cathode surface.But high pressure " pulse " can be driven the electronics that broken away from negative electrode and " anion " accelerates the anode of running quickly, thereby has increased greatly the collision frequency of electronics and neutral atom, molecule, and Here it is as previously mentioned forms streamer puncture reason.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: 1 group of starting impulse width of the present invention is 600ns only, just enter the arc discharge state in several microseconds during positive negative pulse stuffing Shu Qidong, starting impulse disappears automatically, the needed electronics of arc discharge is not to pull out secondary electron and replenish by " cation " bombarding cathode, but the positive and negative population that the effect of leaning on accelerating field increases the collision of electronics and neutral atom or molecule to be increased is replenished, want much less so start the emitting substance quality that consumes than pulse, and the emissive material that negative electrode stores is limited, few prolongation that obtains that just means the bulb Acceptable life of consumption.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that positive negative pulse stuffing of the present invention starts electric theory diagram
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of one embodiment of the invention
Fig. 3 is the photo that the waveform of positive negative pulse stuffing generator generation shows in oscilloscope
Input-output characteristic curve when Fig. 4 is startup
Embodiment
Embodiment one:
Fig. 1 is that positive negative pulse stuffing of the present invention starts electric theory diagram, and the positive pole of this starter is connected with the negative electrode B of fluorescent tube, the anode A of fluorescent tube and operating voltage U
APositive pole connect, be filled with inert gas in the fluorescent tube, operating voltage U
ANegative pole and the equal ground connection of negative pole of this starter or connect the mid point of half-bridge capacitor.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of one embodiment of the invention, comprises fluorescent tube, and lamp tube ends is provided with anode A and negative electrode B, operating voltage U
A, multivibrator, positive negative pulse stuffing generator, fluorescent tube reactor L2 and locking signal detector.The anode A of fluorescent tube is connected with the 5th capacitor C 5 in the electric ballast.
Multivibrator comprises the first NAND gate Dy1, the second NAND gate Dy2, the first resistance R 1, the second resistance R 2, the 3rd NAND gate Dy3 and the second capacitor C 2; The input of the output of the first NAND gate Dy1 and the second NAND gate Dy2 be connected an end of capacitor C 2 and be connected, the output of the second NAND gate Dy2 is connected and is connected with the other end of the second capacitor C 2 after the first resistance R 1, second resistance R 2 of connecting again, the output of the second resistance R 2 is connected with the input of the 3rd NAND gate Dy3, the output of the 3rd NAND gate Dy3 is the output of described multivibrator, and is connected with the input of the first NAND gate Dy1.
The positive negative pulse stuffing generator comprises the 4th NAND gate Dy4, the 3rd resistance R 3, the 4th resistance R 4, field effect transistor VT, the 3rd capacitor C 3, the 4th capacitor C 4, voltage stabilizing didoe DW and starts inductance L 1; The output of the 4th NAND gate Dy4 connects with the 3rd resistance R 3, the grid G of another termination field effect transistor VT of the 3rd resistance R 3, the drain D of field effect transistor VT connects described startup inductance L 1 one ends, drain D connects the 3rd capacitor C 3 one ends simultaneously, another termination source S and ground connection of the 3rd capacitor C 3, the source S of field effect transistor VT connects voltage stabilizing didoe to the end of DW, voltage stabilizing didoe is to the grid G of another termination field effect transistor VT of DW, start another termination the 4th resistance R 4 of inductance L 1, connect simultaneously the 4th capacitor C 4, another termination power supply high voltage power supply of the 4th resistance R 4, the other end ground connection of the 4th capacitor C 4.Field effect transistor VT among Fig. 2 namely is equivalent to the switch among Fig. 1, whole system work after the field effect transistor conducting.
The locking signal detector comprises blockade inductance L 3, diode CD and the first capacitor C 1; One end of the first capacitor C 1 is connected other end ground connection with diode CD output; The input of diode CD is connected with an end that blocks inductance L 3, blocks the other end ground connection of inductance L 3; The output of diode is the output of described locking signal detector, is connected with the input of the first NAND gate Dy1.Block inductance L 3 and fluorescent tube reactor L2 mutual inductance, from the number of winning the confidence of fluorescent tube reactor.
Described fluorescent tube reactor L2 one end ground connection, the other end accesses the negative electrode B of described fluorescent tube.
The positive negative pulse stuffing bundle that the positive negative pulse stuffing generator produces is many groups, and every group ± pulsed beams comprise 25 couples of 15 ∽, the period tau of ± pulsed beams=1 μ s, width Delta=600ns.Just send one group ± pulsed beams every 0.1s, until lamp starts.
Present embodiment is the 250W high-pressure sodium lamp, and operating voltage is provided by electric ballast, is the ac square wave of 200V, cycle T 〉=25 μ s, and the amplification coefficient that starts between inductance L 1 and the fluorescent tube reactor L2 is 8.57.When just starting, the positive negative pulse stuffing generator sends first one group of positive negative pulse stuffing K
0, the negative electrode B that inputs to fluorescent tube after fluorescent tube reactor L2 amplifies 8.57 times starts high-pressure sodium lamp; High-pressure sodium lamp is activated rear blockade inductance L 3 two ends and forms voltage driving locking signal detector, and the locking signal detector sends signal so that multivibrator quits work to multivibrator, saves energy.Fig. 3 is the photo that the waveform of positive negative pulse stuffing generator generation shows in oscilloscope, and following table is data corresponding to pulsed beams waveform shown in the picture group 3 that records, and II is the fluorescent tube reactor voltage, and III and IV are respectively the operating voltage U of positive negative pulse stuffing and pulse
AThe former is U
A=200V, latter U
A=100V is so the former accelerating voltage is the latter's twice.
Measured input-output characteristic curve as shown in Figure 4, top is the input starting characteristic curve of ballast (being operating voltage), the bottom is the starting characteristic curve of bulb.
As seen from the figure, the starting current of electric ballast only has 0.15A to account for about 20% of rated current 1.18A, and As time goes on power 70W is increased to rated value gradually, does not have the phenomenon of surge impact when visible electric ballast starts for power supply equipment; The starting current of bulb only has 1.08A, accounts for about 40% of rated current 2.633A, and starting power 70W accounts for 30% of rated power, As time goes on is increased to gradually rated value, and visible bulb is very stably when starting.
Following table is the model that present embodiment adopts components and parts.
Embodiment two:
Present embodiment is mercury lamp, and structure is identical with embodiment one, and its difference is: the amplification coefficient that starts between inductance L 1 and the fluorescent tube reactor L2 is 3.
Claims (4)
1. starter of gas discharge lamp, it is characterized in that: it comprises multivibrator, positive negative pulse stuffing generator, fluorescent tube reactor and locking signal detector;
Described multivibrator input is connected with the output of locking signal detector, and the multivibrator output is connected with the input of positive negative pulse stuffing generator;
The output of described positive negative pulse stuffing generator starts inductance and the mutual inductance of described fluorescent tube reactor by one;
The input of described locking signal detector blocks inductance from the number of winning the confidence of described fluorescent tube reactor by one;
Described fluorescent tube reactor one end ground connection, the negative electrode of other end access gaseous discharge lamp;
Described locking signal detector comprises diode and the first electric capacity; One end of the first electric capacity is connected with diode output, other end ground connection; The input of diode is the input of described locking signal detector, and the output of diode is the output of described locking signal detector;
Described multivibrator comprises the first NAND gate, the second NAND gate, the first resistance, the second resistance, the 3rd NAND gate and the second electric capacity; The input of the output of the first NAND gate and the second NAND gate be connected an end of electric capacity and be connected, the output of the second NAND gate is connected and is connected with the other end of the second electric capacity behind the first resistance, second resistance of connecting again, the output of the second resistance is connected with the input of the 3rd NAND gate, the output of the 3rd NAND gate is the output of described multivibrator, and is connected with the input of the first NAND gate;
Described positive negative pulse stuffing generator comprises the 4th NAND gate, the 3rd resistance, the 4th resistance, field effect transistor, the 3rd electric capacity, the 4th electric capacity and voltage stabilizing didoe; The output of the 4th NAND gate connects with the 3rd resistance, the grid of another termination field effect transistor of the 3rd resistance, the drain electrode of field effect transistor connects described startup inductance one end, simultaneously drain electrode connects the 3rd electric capacity one end, another termination source electrode and ground connection of the 3rd electric capacity, the source electrode of field effect transistor connects the right end of voltage stabilizing didoe, the grid of another termination field effect transistor that voltage stabilizing didoe is right, start another termination the 4th resistance of inductance, connect simultaneously the 4th electric capacity, another termination power supply high voltage power supply of the 4th resistance, the other end ground connection of the 4th electric capacity; Described voltage stabilizing didoe is to being comprised of two interconnective voltage stabilizing didoes of output.
2. starter of gas discharge lamp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the power of gaseous discharge lamp is 35W-1000W, the multiplication factor of described startup inductance and the mutual inductance of fluorescent tube reactor be 8-9 doubly.
3. starter of gas discharge lamp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the power of gaseous discharge lamp is more than the 3000W, the multiplication factor of described startup inductance and the mutual inductance of fluorescent tube reactor is greater than 20 times.
4. starter of gas discharge lamp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the power of gaseous discharge lamp is below the 30W, the multiplication factor of described startup inductance and the mutual inductance of fluorescent tube reactor is 3 times.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110009866 CN102098858B (en) | 2011-01-18 | 2011-01-18 | Starter of gas discharge lamp |
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| CN 201110009866 CN102098858B (en) | 2011-01-18 | 2011-01-18 | Starter of gas discharge lamp |
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| CN102098858B true CN102098858B (en) | 2013-04-24 |
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| CN112630288B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-10-12 | 燕山大学 | Secondary electron emission coefficient measuring device and method based on discharge |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3851209A (en) * | 1972-02-07 | 1974-11-26 | Shindengen Electric Mfg | Discharge lamp starting apparatus |
| US5349270A (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 1994-09-20 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Transformerless fluorescent lamp operating circuit, particularly for a compact fluorescent lamp, with phase-shifted inverter control |
| CN2364654Y (en) * | 1999-01-18 | 2000-02-16 | 李名酉 | Electronic ballast for high intensity gas discharge lamp |
| CN200941703Y (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2007-08-29 | 飞利浦(中国)投资有限公司 | Pulse generators for electronic ballasts |
| CN201114944Y (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2008-09-10 | 金成日 | High pressure sodium lamp electronic ballast |
-
2011
- 2011-01-18 CN CN 201110009866 patent/CN102098858B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3851209A (en) * | 1972-02-07 | 1974-11-26 | Shindengen Electric Mfg | Discharge lamp starting apparatus |
| US5349270A (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 1994-09-20 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Transformerless fluorescent lamp operating circuit, particularly for a compact fluorescent lamp, with phase-shifted inverter control |
| CN2364654Y (en) * | 1999-01-18 | 2000-02-16 | 李名酉 | Electronic ballast for high intensity gas discharge lamp |
| CN200941703Y (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2007-08-29 | 飞利浦(中国)投资有限公司 | Pulse generators for electronic ballasts |
| CN201114944Y (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2008-09-10 | 金成日 | High pressure sodium lamp electronic ballast |
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| CN102098858A (en) | 2011-06-15 |
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