The miniature gas turbine system of air-bearing-rotor structure
Technical field: the present invention relates to gas bearing design and manufacturing technology, micro-gas-turbine machine technology, and the rotating machinery structural system of using gases bearings.Can be widely used in fields such as Aero-Space, energy source and power and defence and military.
Background technique: the bearing rotor structure is the common structure form in the rotating machinery.This structure can together be used with structures such as gas compressor, turbine, firing chamber, regenerators, and becomes the core component of miniature gas turbine system.Therefore, high-efficiency reliable is lubricated to be supported for the miniature gas turbine system provides, and is the major issue that bearing is used.
At present, conventional fat lubricating bearings (rolling bearing or grease sliding bearing) is the main support form of miniature gas turbine system.The advantage of this supporting form is a technology maturation, is simple and easy to use.But; continuous rising along with rotating speed; frictional heating is very serious; the high temperature that while turbine heat end piece stands when work can be delivered to bearing by main shaft; lubricant grease causes bearing fault through regular meeting owing to rotten when high-temperature severe environment is worked, greatly influenced system works efficient and life-span.Simultaneously, because oily lubricating bearings needs corresponding fuel feeding lubrication system, make structure relative complex also increase manufacturing maintenance cost and system weight with safeguarding.
Gas bearing is a new high-tech product that develops rapidly mid-term in 20th century, its principle is the viscosity that relies on gas, improve the pressure of gas in the gap, thereby axle suspension is floated next bearing, using gases is lubricated, just there is not the problem of oiling agent pyrometamorphism, also can realizes the function of cooling off simultaneously.It does not have the restriction of general rolling bearing to ultrahigh rotating speed, makes the miniature gas turbine system can obtain higher rotating speed and performance.Owing to cancelled complicated heavy fuel feeding lubrication system, make simple in structure, safeguard use convenient.Therefore, gas bearing as supporting form, is used for the miniature gas turbine system, has outstanding usability and development prospect.
Two kinds of principal modes of miniature gas turbine are that miniature turbine jet or turbofan engine and ground are used to generate electricity and the miniature gas turbine-generator system of distributed energy.Gas bearing goes for the miniature gas turbine of above two kinds of forms owing to its unique good performance.
Series of advantages such as the application of gas bearing does not at present more and more widely have the machinery contact because of it has, and frictional loss is little, vibration is little, noise is low, fundamentally overcome traditional supporting form intrinsic shortcoming.Owing to adopted technology such as gas lubrication, graphite alloy and metal-rubber sealing, when being used for turbojet or turbofan engine, can solve effectively that metal rolling bearing weight is big, poor lubrication, problem that heat resistance is low, effectively improved motor thrust weight ratio, reliability and shelf life; When being applied to miniature gas turbine-generator system, not only, the gas turbine core engine supports for providing lubricated effectively reliably, also solved the support lubrication problem of high-speed engine rotor, shortcomings such as the weight of having avoided using electromagnetic bearing and rolling bearing to bring in the conventional generator is big, complex structure, power consumption height.
Therefore, what patent application of the present invention proposed is a kind of brand-new design and application thinking for gas turbine engine systems rotor supports and lubricated form, realizes the feasible evolution of the conventional grease lubricating bearings of miniature and small-sized gas turbine to gas bearing.
Summary of the invention: the technical disadvantages that the objective of the invention is to overcome the miniature gas turbine system that has the grease lubrication bearings now, a kind of new structure form is proposed, the miniature gas turbine structural system that the using gases lubricating bearings supports, its rotor-impeller-bearing structure such as Fig. 1.This bearings form has not only greatly improved gas turbine bearing-rotor surface of contact wear-resisting property, and has improved system's rotating speed, performance and reliability greatly, reduces design and manufacture cost, and environmental protection and energy saving more.
Core technology of the present invention is to use gas bearing to provide lubricated for the miniature gas turbine structure and supports.Use the gas bearing of static pressure, dynamic pressure and active and static pressure mixed form, its principle is the structural feature according to gas bearing and axle journal sound parts, at dynamic and static gaps runner place, the power that utilizes the axle journal rotation to drive fluid pressurized and outside supply gas pressure coupling generation makes its axle suspension float.Bearing inner surface is offered runner-type line, then is to utilize the take offence effect of body supercharging of axle journal rotating band, for rotor provides dynamic pressure carrying effect, as Fig. 2; Offer many row pressures power air vent at the floating ring body, provide static pressure carrying and damping function to rotor, as Fig. 3; Application conditions at gas bearing, adopt special self lubricating materials such as wear-resisting, high temperature resistant, high-intensity nickel, molybdenum, titanium as gas bearing body material, solved the abrasion of supercharging flow path groove sound parts short-time contact, and the heating of gas turbine hot-end component is to the problem that influences of bearing lubrication; Adopt metal rubber material heat insulation and damping technology measure, can effectively reduce the heat transfer of turbine hot junction, also improved the stability of high speed rotor carrying operation simultaneously bearing as bearing.
Technological scheme of the present invention mainly realizes as follows:
1. the selection of gas bearing body material, promptly according to the conditions such as temperature, pressure and working medium of gas bearing application, special self lubricating materials such as wear-resisting, the resistant to elevated temperatures nickel of choose reasonable, molybdenum, titanium are as gas bearing body material;
2. gas turbine, the electric machine structure design supported of gas bearing promptly according to axle journal rotation, whirling motion rotating speed and bear load character, rationally determined gas compressor-impeller working speed, pressure ratio and flow, determines physical dimension, geometric form line.The maximum static lotus of bearing according to gas bearing is that 10kg, rotor maximum functional rotating speed are 50000~80000rpm, determines rotor physical dimension, architecture quality and bearings layout.
3. the body structure of gas bearing design, i.e. conditions such as the load character of bearing according to gas bearing, stability and working medium, conduit molded lines in determining adopts measures such as metal-rubber, finishes the design of impeller of rotor system architecture, intensity and the stability of motions of gas bearing support;
4. the processing of gas bearing and gas turbine and manufacturing, promptly according to the technological requirement of structural designs such as gas bearing and impeller, volute, rotor, selection can be satisfied the equipment of required precision and make, processes and assemble.
Embodiments of the invention are as follows:
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 4, a kind of miniature gas turbine-generator system comprises: 1, motor stator 2, motor bearings 3, shaft joint 4, gas compressor volute 5, compressor impeller 6, combustion machine main shaft 7, intermediate 8, firing chamber 9, turbine volute 10, turbine wheel 11, regenerator 12, combustion machine bearing 13, the outside air vent of bearing.
Firing chamber 8 is communicated with the gas compressor relief opening by pipeline, and combustion machine main shaft is connected by shaft joint 3 with machine shaft.Also can be by major axis directly as the main shaft of combustion machine and motor.Behind the electric motor starting, pressurized air enters firing chamber 8, and the firing chamber igniting promotes turbine work, and combustion machine main shaft rotates, and starting electrical machinery becomes generator.Gas compressor exhaust meeting enters the firing chamber after heating by backheat gas.Combustion machine bearing and motor bearings can use dynamic pressure, static pressure and dynamic and static pressure lubricating form, in the present embodiment, what the combustion machine bearing adopted is to have the static pressure of outside air vent 13 or the bearing of active and static pressure Mixed lubrication form, and what motor bearings adopted is the bearing of dynamic pressure selflubricating form.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 5, a kind of miniature turbine jet engines system comprises 1, suction port 2, preceding spindle nut 3, compressor casing 4, compressor impeller 5, blower outlet Diffuser 6, cannular combustion chamber 7, bearing positioning ring 8, main shaft 9, H type joint bearing 10, bearing thrust dish 11, axle sleeve 12, turbine air inlet guide vane 13, turbine 14, jet pipe.
The rotor of gas turbine uses the gas bearing of dynamic pressure, static pressure and dynamic and static pressure lubricating form, and in the present embodiment, the H type joint bearing of the dynamic pressure selflubricating form that the combustion machine bearing adopts adopts metal-rubber as bearing vibration damping and heat insulation measures simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the impeller of rotor structure that gas bearing supports.Among Fig. 1,1 is rotor, and 2 is gas bearing, and 3 is compressor impeller, and 4 is turbine wheel.
Fig. 2 is an active and static pressure mixed gas lubricating bearings structural drawing.
Fig. 3 is the nozzle throttling gas-supplying structure of gas bearing hydrostatic lubrication.
Fig. 4 is miniature gas turbine-generator system that gas bearing supports.
Fig. 5 is the miniature turbine jet engines system that gas bearing supports.