CN102069172B - Composite casting method of aluminum cooling plate - Google Patents
Composite casting method of aluminum cooling plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN102069172B CN102069172B CN 201110039519 CN201110039519A CN102069172B CN 102069172 B CN102069172 B CN 102069172B CN 201110039519 CN201110039519 CN 201110039519 CN 201110039519 A CN201110039519 A CN 201110039519A CN 102069172 B CN102069172 B CN 102069172B
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种铝冷却板的复合铸造方法，属于金属材料领域。该方法采用工业纯铝或铝合金管作为冷却液通道，将其固定在铸模型腔中后，在重力或压力条件下，将液态或半固态铝合金熔体充满铸模型腔并凝固，制成铝冷却板。本发明可解决铝合金嵌铸铝管时铝管熔化、变形造成铸件报废的问题，实现了铝冷却板近净成形，减少了后续加工工序对材料的消耗，提高了生产效率。由于铝管和铝冷却板基体均为铝材，消除了电化学腐蚀现象，并且铝冷却板可整体回炉或回收利用，减少材料的浪费，降低了生产成本。铸件总体密度与铝铸件相同，可以应用于航空、船舶等对零部件重量要求较严格的领域。
The invention relates to a composite casting method for an aluminum cooling plate, which belongs to the field of metal materials. This method uses industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy tubes as cooling liquid channels, and after fixing them in the mold cavity, under the condition of gravity or pressure, the liquid or semi-solid aluminum alloy melt is filled into the mold cavity and solidified to form Aluminum cooling plate. The invention can solve the problem that the casting is scrapped due to the melting and deformation of the aluminum tube when the aluminum tube is embedded in the aluminum tube, realizes the near-net shape of the aluminum cooling plate, reduces the consumption of materials in subsequent processing procedures, and improves the production efficiency. Since the aluminum tube and the aluminum cooling plate base are made of aluminum, the phenomenon of electrochemical corrosion is eliminated, and the aluminum cooling plate can be returned to the furnace or recycled as a whole, reducing waste of materials and reducing production costs. The overall density of castings is the same as that of aluminum castings, and can be used in aviation, ships and other fields that have strict requirements on the weight of parts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite casting method of aluminium coldplate; Belong to metal material field, particularly relate to a kind of manufacturing approach that institutes such as electronic device, electronic module, surface-mounted integrated circuit and circuit, electronic system produce the aluminium coldplate that has cooling passage of heat that removes.
Background technology
Along with development of science and technology, the application of electronic device more and more widely, but electronic device the time can produce great amount of heat in work, so electronic device needs cooling heat dissipation, in order to avoid thermal accumlation too much shortens its life-span, causes it to work or to lose efficacy.The type of cooling of current main application is liquid cooling and air-cooled; But along with the integrated level of electronic device and module is increasingly high; The caloric value of unit are (or volume) is also increasing, limit by air-cooled intensity of cooling, uses liquid cooling and electronic device etc. is cooled off becomes a kind of development trend.Directly contact caused corrosion of electronic device and short circuit problem for stopping cooling fluid; The method of liquid cooling mostly adopts the coldplate that is provided with cooling passage; Electronic devices etc. are fixed on the coldplate through physical connection; Circulate in the passage of cooling fluid in coldplate, absorb from conduction such as electronic devices and give the heat of coldplate, thereby be reached for the purpose of coolings such as electronic device.
Coldplate is generally processed by heat conductivity good metal material, for example copper, aluminium or their alloy.Because the density (2.7g/cm of aluminium
3) be copper density (8.9g/cm approximately
3) 30%, with respect to copper cooling plate, the aluminium coldplate is to the conditional field of parts weight, fields such as for example space flight, aviation, vehicle, boats and ships, portable equipment have application demand widely.
The cooling passage that is provided with in the aluminium coldplate can adopt method manufacturings such as machining, casting according to requirements such as size, shape, heat conductivilitys.The straight channel of simple shape often adopts machining process to realize, long complex passages crooked, that intermesh then often adopts the casting method manufacturing.
The detailed process of machining manufactured aluminium coldplate is generally: at first; On aluminium alloy plate, process the groove of certain cross sectional shape and cooling liquid inlet is set and outlet; Process the cover plate that is complementary with groove then; Use the technology of bolt or welding that cover plate is connected with aluminium alloy plate at last, form the cooling passage of sealing.The shortcoming of this method is that the runner sealing reliability is poor, production efficiency is low, material is wasteful, production cost is high.
Casting is made the aluminium coldplate can be subdivided into a material core method again, core method, tubing core method.
Silk material core method is used the steel wire coring usually, and the external coating parting compound forms the pore passage thereby at last the silk material is extracted out from casting aluminium coldplate.But this method is only applicable to the aluminium coldplate of channel diameter little (below the φ 3mm), simple shape, otherwise the silk material can't be extracted from foundry goods after can causing cast form.
The core method is to make core with resin sand, fine sand or clay-bonded sand, thereby after the cast form core is removed the formation cooling passage.But this method is only applicable to, and diameter is big slightly, length is short, the cooling duct of simple shape.
Tubing core method is that metal pipe material is bent into required shape, then the tubing embedding is cast in the aluminium coldplate, adopts the method for chemical attack to remove the tubing core after the cast form, forms cooling passage.Generally adopt copper pipe as core for the aluminium coldplate; This is that fusing point is higher than aluminium, can not melt and be out of shape little in the casting cycle owing to the good flexible shaping of copper pipe plasticity; Available nitric acid erosion removal after the cast form, and corrosive liquid plays passivation to aluminium and can not corrode the aluminium coldplate.This method can be made the complicated aluminium coldplate of channel shape.Process efficiency is low but this method adopts nitric acid corrosion copper pipe, and can produce a large amount of pernicious gases, contaminated environment; Cupric acid solution dealing with complicated after the corrosion; And copper pipe must thoroughly be removed, otherwise meeting and alloy matrix aluminum produce electrochemical corrosion, simultaneously; Because copper pipe is by acid fluid dissolves, copper material reclaims difficulty.Thereby this method overall manufacturing complex process, long flow path, pollution is big and production cost is high.
To the shortcoming of tubing core method, another kind of aluminium coldplate preparation method is the copper pipe of embedding casting and directly use its passage as cooling fluid in the erosion removal aluminium coldplate not.But, in life cycle, lost efficacy because the electrochemical corrosion between copper and the aluminium is prone to cause at the aluminium coldplate.And the copper pipe of embedding casting causes the overall weight of aluminium coldplate to increase, and has reduced the lightweight advantage of aluminium coldplate on largely.Simultaneously, because the existence of copper pipe in the aluminium coldplate also causes it to be difficult to melt down remelting and recycling.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the problem that production efficiency is low, material is wasteful, production cost is high in the existing production method, propose a kind of composite casting method of aluminium coldplate.Be employed in the method that fine aluminium or aluminium-alloy pipe (following general designation " aluminum pipe ") are cast in embedding in the aluminium coldplate, can prepare has the aluminium of complicated shape runner coldplate, and this method has advantages such as production efficiency height, good product quality, stock utilization height, low cost of manufacture.
A kind of composite casting method of aluminium coldplate is characterized in that comprising that aluminum pipe prepares shaping, aluminium alloy smelting and semi solid slurry preparation and three steps of composite casting shaping; At first aluminum pipe is processed required form and be fixed in the mold cavity; Then melted aluminium alloy is maintained liquid state or is prepared into semi-solid state; At last liquid state or semi-solid aluminium alloy melt are poured into mold cavity; Make it under gravity or pressure condition, be full of mold cavity and solidify, process the aluminium coldplate.
The shape of cross section of aluminum pipe can be selected circle, ellipse or rectangle etc., to satisfy the heat radiation requirement under the different operating modes.The runner of complicated shape can obtain through technologies such as crooked and welding.In the process of cast form, in aluminum pipe, feed refrigerating gas or liquid as required, and semi-solid aluminium alloy size has lower temperature and latent heat of solidification, can alleviate or eliminate fusing, the metaboly of aluminum pipe in the casting process.
The present invention can realize the near-net-shape of aluminium coldplate, can reduce the consumption of machining processes to material.Aluminum pipe after the cast form need not be removed, and has improved production efficiency.Because aluminum pipe and aluminium cooling plate base body main component are aluminium, be same material, also eliminated the electrochemical corrosion phenomenon.And the aluminium coldplate can integral body melts down or recycles, and reduces the waste of material, has reduced production cost.
The whole technical process of the present invention comprises that the aluminum pipe preparation is shaped, aluminium alloy smelting and semi solid slurry preparation, and three steps of composite casting shaping, shown in accompanying drawing 1:
1) the aluminum pipe preparation is shaped
It is the technical pure aluminum pipe that aluminum pipe can be selected 1XXX for use; Also can select the aluminium-alloy pipe of 2XXX-7XXX system for use, 1XXX and 2XXX-7XXX represent that it is the aluminium and the aluminium alloy trade mark of beginning with what mention in aluminium and aluminum alloy extrusion section bar (GB/T 6892-2006) standard with Any Digit in 1 to 7 that aluminium and aluminium alloy draw (rolling) to make seamless pipe (GB/T 6893-2000) or general industry.The advantage of pure aluminum tube is that plasticity is easy to bend shaping well, and fusing point is high, in follow-up composite casting forming process, is difficult for deforming or melting, but also has the low deficiency of intensity.Aluminium-alloy pipe has the high advantage of intensity, but because the low slightly shaping difficulty that bends of plasticity is higher, and because the solidus of alloy is low than fine aluminium, the tendency height that in follow-up composite casting process, deforms or melt.Therefore, can be according to the different choice fine aluminium of demand or other aluminium-alloy pipes cooling passage as the embedding casting.
The aluminium coldplate complex-shaped for cooling passage and bending radius is less can pour into low-melting alloy (like Wood's metal, lead etc.) or fine sand earlier before the bend pipe in aluminum pipe, bend after the shaping low-melting alloy or fine sand removed to get final product.If require cooling passage to contain branch, can adopt the method for welding, a plurality of aluminum pipes are linked together.
2) aluminium alloy smelting and semi solid slurry preparation
The matrix material of aluminium coldplate is selected Birmasils such as Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Mg and Al-Zn system for use.Aluminium alloy after the melting maintains liquid state or is prepared into semi-solid state, prepares composite casting and is shaped.For the liquid cast aluminum alloy formed, control its cast temperature and be not higher than 50 ℃ of liquidus curves.For composite casting molded aluminum alloy under semi-solid state, require it to have certain semi solid zone (the alloy liquid phase line is higher more than 40 ℃ than solidus), thereby be convenient to prepare semi solid slurry and accurately control its solid rate.Can adopt pulping process such as existing mechanical stirring, electromagnetic agitation to prepare aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry; The semi solid slurry of processing is characterized as: the solid phase particles that is uniform-distribution with the certain volume mark in the alloy mother liquor; Be the state that solid, liquid coexists mutually, finally control the solid rate (f of semi-solid aluminium alloy size
s) be not higher than 40%.
3) aluminium coldplate composite casting is shaped
The aluminum pipe for preparing is fixed in the mold cavity; Then under gravity (like gravitational casting) or pressure (like compression casting, low pressure casting etc.) condition; Liquid aluminium alloy or semi-solid aluminium alloy size are full of die cavity; Foundry goods is solidification forming under gravity or pressure effect, obtains the aluminium coldplate of embedding cast aluminium cooling tube.
The fusing point of technical pure aluminum pipe is high; When its wall thickness is big; In low overheat liquid cast (especially semi-solid casting) process its deform and the tendency that melts low, the aluminum pipe form can be maintained behind the casting solidification, can obtain the second best in quality aluminium coldplate finished product.But, in composite casting (especially liquid cast) process, be prone to temperature distortion or fusing for wall thickness thin pure aluminum tube or aluminium-alloy pipe (solidus temperature is lower).To this, can be as required, in whole casting process, in aluminum pipe, feed refrigerating gas or liquid cools off aluminum pipe, to alleviate or to eliminate the tendency of its fusing or distortion.
The present invention adopts liquid state or semisolid composite casting forming mode, and aluminum pipe embedding casting at the aluminium coldplate, can be realized near-net-shape, reduces the consumption of following process operation to material, enhances productivity.Characteristics of the present invention are:
1) aluminum pipe has good plasticity, is prone to welding, can realize that cooling passage has multiple shape of cross section and multiple-limb, complex-shaped aluminium coldplate preparation.Cooling plate base body material and cooling passage material are metal of the same race---aluminium, and electrochemical corrosion does not take place, and the foundry goods total body density is identical with aluminium casting, can be applied to aviation, boats and ships etc. parts weight is required strict field.
2) the present invention adopts the method for liquid composite casting of low overheat or semisolid composite casting; And as required in whole casting process in pipe feeding refrigerating gas or liquid aluminum pipe is cooled off; Can effectively alleviate the tendency that aluminum pipe deforms, melts, and the aluminium cooling plate base body even tissue of preparation, tiny.Simultaneously, because there is a part of solid phase particles in semi solid slurry when filling type, the residual stress that can reduce foundry goods and shrinkage cavity, defective such as loose, raising aluminium coldplate quality.
3) the inventive method can be accomplished the composite casting shaping of aluminium coldplate in the effect of gravity (like gravitational casting) or pressure (like extrusion casint, die casting) down, and with the production of the aluminium coldplate that satisfies the different technologies requirement, the mode of production is various.Accurate control through composite casting technology can realize the metallurgical binding between aluminium coldplate and the aluminum pipe, the good cooling effect of aluminium coldplate.
4) the present invention can realize the near-net-shape of aluminium coldplate, has saved core and has removed operation, reduces the consumption of following process operation to material, can boost productivity, and reduces product cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an aluminium coldplate composite casting technology flow chart;
Fig. 2 is an aluminium plate structure of cooling sketch map;
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure of aluminium coldplate.
The Reference numeral implication:
1, aluminium cooling plate base body; 2, aluminum pipe.
The specific embodiment
Instance 1:
The aluminum pipe trade mark of selecting for use is 1060 commercial-purity aluminiums, and its composition (percentage by weight) is Si:0.15%, Fe:0.18%, and Cu:0.02%, Zn:0.02%, Mn:0.01%, Mg:0.01%, all the other are Al.The aluminum pipe cross section is circular, external diameter 8mm, wall thickness 1mm.Aluminium cooling plate base body material is industrial ZL305 aluminium alloy, and its composition is (percentage by weight) Mg:8.20%, Zn:1.21%, and Ti:0.15%, Fe:0.2%, Si:0.15%, Ni:0.05%, Mn:0.01%, Cu:0.01%, all the other are Al.The liquidus curve of ZL305 alloy is 610 ℃.
Concrete technology is following:
1) the aluminum pipe preparation is shaped
With 1060 aluminum pipes shape as required, on pattern, bend shaping.Require bending radius to need aluminum pipe diameter when bending, to alleviate the wrinkling of aluminum pipe or to break greater than 2 times.Bend accomplish after with 320# sand papering aluminum tube surfaces, and use the acetone aluminum tube surfaces, remove surperficial grease and corrosion.
2) aluminium alloy smelting
At first crucible is heated to 500 ℃, adds the ZL305 alloy pig then, when smelting temperature reaches 720 ℃ of left and right sides, add C
2Cl
6Carry out refining (addition be alloy liquid gross weight 0.5%), C
2Cl
6Be pressed into aluminum alloy melt bottom and swing gently with bell jar, make thoroughly boiling of aluminum alloy melt.Emerge by the time no longer include bubble in the bell jar, after the skimming ladle scarfing cinder, heat preservation for standby use.
3) composite casting is shaped
Aluminum pipe is fixed in the die cavity of furane resins sand mo(u)ld; Outer and the compressed air hose on the termination therein of mold is stretched out at the aluminum pipe two ends; Aluminum alloy melt is cooled to 650 ℃; Open air pressure switch, make compressed air pass through aluminum pipe (pressure is about 0.5MPa), adopt the pony ladle Sheng to get a certain amount of alloy liquid and pour in the mold cavity.Aluminum alloy melt is full of whole die cavity and cooled and solidified under the gravity effect, process the aluminium coldplate.
Through the check of methods such as ventilation and radioscopy, this aluminium coldplate does not have casting flaws such as loose or shrinkage cavity, and the interior aluminum pipe of foundry goods is kept perfectly, is out of shape little, and aluminum pipe combines well with the aluminium cooling plate base body.
Instance 2:
The aluminum pipe trade mark of being selected for use is 6061, and its composition (percentage by weight) is Mg:1.1%, Si:0.62%, and Fe:0.65%, Cu:0.29%, Mn:0.13%, Zn:0.22%, Cr:0.10%, Ti:0.15%, all the other are Al.The aluminum pipe cross section is circular, external diameter 6mm, wall thickness 1mm.Aluminium cooling plate base body material is industrial ZL101A aluminium alloy, and its composition is (percentage by weight) Si:6.93%, Mg:0.38%, and Ti:0.15%, Fe:0.17%, Ni:0.05%, Zn:0.01%, Cu:0.01%, Mn:0.01%, Sn:0.01%, all the other are Al.The liquidus curve of ZL101A alloy and solidus temperature are respectively 615 ℃ and 560 ℃.
Concrete technology is following:
1) the aluminum pipe preparation is shaped
Aluminum pipe is preheated to 100 ℃ in resistance furnace; Treat that (its composition percentage by weight is Bi:50% to Wood's metal, Pb:25%, Sn:12.5%; Cd:12.5%) in 100 ℃ water bath the fusing after; Wood's metal is filled in the aluminum pipe, treat that it is full of whole aluminum pipe and solidifies after, on crooked pattern, aluminum pipe is bent into required shape.Require bending radius to need aluminum pipe diameter when bending, to alleviate the wrinkling of aluminum pipe or to break greater than 2 times.Use aluminum pipe to place in the tank of boiling after bending completion, Wood's metal is flowed out in aluminum pipe with liquid state shaping.Treat after the aluminum pipe drying with 320# sand papering aluminum tube surfaces, and use the acetone aluminum tube surfaces, remove surperficial grease and corrosion.
2) aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry preparation
At first crucible is heated to 500 ℃, adds the ZL101A alloy pig then, when smelting temperature reaches 720 ℃ of left and right sides, add C
2Cl
6Carry out refining (addition be alloy liquid gross weight 0.5%), C
2Cl
6Be pressed into aluminum alloy melt bottom and swing gently with bell jar, make thoroughly boiling of aluminum alloy melt.Emerge by the time no longer include bubble in the bell jar, clean with the skimming ladle scarfing cinder.When treating that alloy liquid is cooled to 630 ℃; Alloy liquid is put in the ready-made stay-warm case together with crucible; With the driven by motor graphite rod alloy liquid is carried out mechanical agitation, and make the temperature of aluminum alloy melt progressively reduce to 595 ℃, promptly be lower than 20 ℃ of aluminium alloy liquidus temperatures; Contain 30% the solid phase particles of having an appointment this moment in the alloy liquid, be semi-solid state.
3) composite casting is shaped
Aluminum pipe is put into the die casting die cavity, be provided with the fixedly projection and the groove of aluminum pipe in the mould, behind the dynamic and static mould mould assembly of compression mod, aluminum pipe promptly is positioned.The semi solid slurry of a certain amount of ZL101A is poured into die casting machine material cup, under the effect of injection punch head, accomplish and fill type, foundry goods solidifies under pressure, processes the aluminium coldplate.The drift speed of casting forming is about 2m/s, and injection ratio pressure is about 40MPa.Implementing this method with the die casting mode, that pure aluminum tube and alloy matrix aluminum are combined is tightr, eliminates shrinkage cavity, defective such as loose, can realize the shaping than the aluminium coldplate of complex appearance.Aluminium coldplate microscopic structure is seen accompanying drawing 3, can find out in the aluminium coldplate that this method produces thick dendrite not occur, and mostly nascent solid phase pattern is spherical, and size has improved the intensity and the toughness of aluminium coldplate below 100 μ m.
Through the check of methods such as ventilation and radioscopy, this aluminium coldplate does not have casting flaws such as loose or shrinkage cavity, and the interior aluminum pipe of foundry goods is kept perfectly, is out of shape little, and aluminum pipe combines well with the aluminium cooling plate base body.
Although list and explained preferred embodiment here in detail; But those skilled in the art can know; Can under the situation that does not break away from marrow of the present invention, carry out various improvement, interpolation, replacement etc., within the scope of the present invention that these contents all considered to be in claim and limited.
Claims (3)
1. the composite casting method of an aluminium coldplate; It is characterized in that comprising that aluminum pipe prepares shaping, aluminium alloy smelting and semi solid slurry preparation and three steps of composite casting shaping: at first; The aluminium-alloy pipe of 1XXX Series Industrial pure aluminum tube or 2XXX-7XXX system is processed circle, ellipse or rectangle and is fixed in the mold cavity; With aluminium cooling plate base body material melting cast aluminum alloy, then melted aluminium alloy is maintained liquid state or is prepared into semi-solid state, at last liquid state or semi-solid aluminium alloy melt are poured into mold cavity; Make it under gravity or pressure condition, be full of mold cavity and solidify, process the aluminium coldplate;
Wherein, said aluminium alloy comprises that Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Mg and Al-Zn are Birmasil;
In the composite casting forming process of aluminium coldplate, in aluminum pipe, feed refrigerating gas or liquid, aluminum pipe is cooled off, to alleviate or to eliminate its distortion or melt tendency;
When using the semisolid composite casting method to prepare the aluminium coldplate, require used Birmasil liquidus curve higher more than 40 ℃ than solidus;
When using liquid aluminium alloy melt composite casting shaping aluminium coldplate, the cast temperature of aluminium alloy melt is not higher than 50 ℃ of its liquidus curves.
2. the composite casting method of aluminium coldplate according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the aluminum pipe in the aluminium coldplate is the snakelike of straight line or bending; Or adopt the method for welding, and a plurality of aluminum pipes are linked together, realize the preparation of complicated shape, multiple-limb runner aluminum pipe.
3. the composite casting method of aluminium coldplate according to claim 1 is characterized in that the solid rate of semi-solid aluminium alloy size is not more than 40% when using semi-solid aluminium alloy melt composite casting shaping aluminium coldplate.
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