CN102067756B - Method for building dry farmland by making ditch and filling sand on saline-alkali soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for building a dry farmland by making a ditch and filling sand on saline-alkali soil, relating to a reformation method of saline-alkali soil. In the method, the technical problems of extra high cost or short effect lasting time of the existing reformation method of saline-alkali soil are solved, and the method comprises the following steps: making the saline-alkali soil to be improved into a farmland mode that a ridge is alternated with a ditch; after ditching, taking nearby dune soil as a salinity-alkalinity buffering agent, and adding the salinity-alkalinity buffering agent into the ridge ditch, wherein the plane of added sandy soil is 1-5cm lower than the top of a ridge platform; digging and ditching on a strip added with sandy soil to plant xerophyte crop; taking away the xerophyte crop and the root stubble thereof each year; and continuing to plant on the strip in the next year. The method can be used for converting waste saline-alkali soil into dry farming farmlands, and has the advantages of low reformation cost and long effect lasting time.

Description

Method of making ditch and filling sand in saline-alkali land to make dry field

technical field

The invention relates to a method for transforming saline-alkali land.

Background technique

The Songnen Plain in Northeast my country covers an area of more than 20 million hectares. Saline-alkali land is common. The high salt content in the soil restricts crop production. Some areas do not even grow grass and become saline-alkali bare land. However, the climate in this area (precipitation and the accumulated temperature in the growing season) are suitable for the growth of dry crops such as corn and sunflower. At the same time, the Horqin sand belt in this area is vertical and horizontal, forming a spatial pattern of mosaic distribution with saline-alkali land. Making full use of sand resources to transform saline-alkali land has unique natural advantages in this area. In today's society where the area of cultivated land is decreasing year by year, expanding farmland space is one of the basic ways to ensure my country's grain production. It is a good choice to effectively transform the large amount of saline-alkali land in our country to provide reserve land resource development and utilization for "holding the red line of no less than 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land in the country" and to meet the food problem of 1.3 billion Chinese people.

At present, the improvement methods of saline-alkali land at home and abroad mainly include: improving saline-alkali land through modern irrigation and planting technology. transformation. Although this technology can thoroughly transform saline-alkali land and has a long duration of effect, the investment is large, the cost is too high, and it is difficult for individuals to implement it. To a certain extent, it needs the support of the state; it decomposes or neutralizes the salt existing in the soil through chemical reactions. Harm and alkali damage, this improved method has quick results and is easy to use, but the duration of effect is short, it cannot completely remove saline-alkali, and there is a phenomenon of recurrence.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve the technical problem of high cost or short duration of the existing saline-alkali land improvement method, and provides a saline-alkali land improvement method with long duration and low cost, which can be popularized and used in a large scale.

Technical scheme of the present invention is realized through the following steps:

a. Ditching on saline-alkali land: Ditching on saline-alkali land, making the saline-alkali land into a farmland style with alternating ridges and ditches;

b. Sand filling to create dry fields: After ditching, add the nearby sand dune soil as various saline-alkali buffers into the ditch, and the added sand level is 1-5 cm lower than the top of the ridge;

c. Planting crops: Dig pits or ravines to plant xerophytic crops on the strips with added sand. After the crops are harvested every year, they will be taken away together with the root stubble, and continue to be planted on this strip in the next year.

The invention digs ditches on saline-alkali land, adds saline-alkali buffers such as dune soil into the ditches, and plants on the strips added with sandy soil, so that the saline-alkali barren land can be transformed into dry farmland for planting xerophyte crops. The method in the present invention is practical, effective and low in cost, and the cost is below 4,000 yuan/ha. Taking the planting of the main upland crop corn as an example, the cost can be recovered in the same year and there is a slight surplus, and it has created a basic sustainable utilization for more than 10 years. Farmland, effectively solving the technical problems of high cost or short duration of existing saline-alkali land improvement methods

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a saline-alkali land ditch filled with sand to create a dry field according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals in the figure are represented as: 1. furrow, 2. ridge platform, 3. sandy soil, 4. dry crop

Detailed ways

Specific implementation mode one, this implementation mode is completed with reference to Fig. 1 by the following steps:

a. Ditching on saline-alkali land: Ditching on saline-alkali land, making the saline-alkali land into a farmland style with alternating ridges and ditches;

b. Filling sand to create dry fields: After ditching, add nearby sand dune soil as various saline-alkali buffers into the ditch (1), and the added sand (3) is lower than the top of the ridge (2) 1 -5 cm;

c, planting crops: dig pits or hug ditches to plant xerophyte crops (4) on the strips where the sand is added, and take away the crops together with the root stubble after harvesting the crops every year, and continue planting on the strips next year.

Specific embodiment two: compared with embodiment one, the feature is that the present embodiment makes furrow (1) deep and is 15-30 centimetre, wide is the ridge platform (2) of 40-70 centimetre, two adjacent ridge platforms ( 2) The distance between the center lines is 40-70 centimeters, and the height of the ridge platform (2) is 10-30 centimeters.

Specific Embodiment Three: Compared with Embodiment One, the feature is that the cross-section of the furrow (1) made by this embodiment is trapezoidal or triangular with a wide top and a narrow bottom, and the cross-section of the ridge platform (2) is a trapezoid with a narrow top and a wide bottom. or triangle.

Embodiment 4: compared with Embodiment 1, the feature is that the furrow (1) made by this embodiment is 20 centimeters deep, the furrow (1) is 60 centimeters wide, and the cross section of the furrow (1) is triangular. The distance between the centerlines of two adjacent ridges (2) is 60 centimeters, the height of the ridges is 20 centimeters, and the cross section of the ridges (2) is triangular. According to this method, 0.06 cubic meters of sandy soil is needed per square meter, that is, 600 cubic meters per hectare. The local current market price is 5-6 yuan per cubic meter of sandy soil, and the cost of adding sandy soil per hectare of saline-alkali land is 3000-3600 yuan. Digging pits or ravines to plant corn on the strip with sand added, the annual yield of corn planting is 4-6 tons/ha, if the minimum is 4 tons/ha, the net income is 4,000 yuan, the cost can be recovered in the year and there is a slight surplus, and at the same time Created basic farmland that can be used sustainably for more than 10 years. The yields of planting other crops are comparable to those of local prime farmland.

Claims (2)

1. system ditch in salt-soda soil is filled out sand and is made the dry land method, it is characterized in that the practical implementation step of this method is following:

A, salt-soda soil trench digging: on the salt-soda soil, ditch, the farmland pattern that ridge and ditch distribute alternately is processed in the salt-soda soil;

B, fill out sand and make dry land: behind the trench digging near dune soil is added into as various saline and alkaline buffers in the furrow of processing (1), the sandy soil that are added into (3) plane is lower than top 1-5 centimetre of ridge platform (2);

C, kind plant: on the band that adds sandy soil, dig the hole or hug the non-irrigated living crop (4) of ditch plantation, put away in the lump together with the root stubble behind the annual harvesting crops, the next year continuation is planted on this band.

2. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the cross section of furrow (1) is trapezoidal or triangle wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, the cross section of ridge platform (2) is up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal or triangle.

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