CN102051130A - Method for preparing gelatin by degrading ossein with protease - Google Patents
Method for preparing gelatin by degrading ossein with protease Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing gelatin by degrading ossein with protease. The method mainly uses degreased and demineralized ossein as a raw material and uses acid or neutral protease to degrade the ossein to prepare the gelatin. Compared with the traditional process, the method saves a long liming period and a complex neutralization and water washing process, shortens the production period of the gelatin, and saves a large amount of water resources and labor cost; compared with the new process for preparing the gelatin from the bone particles, the content of the hybrid protein and the inorganic salt in the gelatin is greatly reduced, so that the freezing strength and the viscosity of the product are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the gelatin preparation field, be specifically related to the method that a kind of proteasome degradation ossein prepares gelatin.
Background technology
At present, the industrial scale of China's gelatin industry enlarges year by year, but the production technique of each gelatin factory does not still have new breakthrough, and the production cycle is long, the energy consumption height, and the sewage disposal difficulty is distinct issues, and is not in tune with the Sustainable development of society.
The operational path of preparation gelatin is as follows in the tradition alkali process: raw material
Pound bone
Degreasing
Washing
The skeletal grain drying
Screening
Pickling
Washing
Liming
Washing
Neutralization
Washing
Extracting
Filter
Concentrate
Dry
Pulverize, the advantage that traditional alkali process prepares gelatin is pickling, liming and extractive reaction conditions gentleness, carries the preceding ossein collagen of glue through repeatedly washing, and inorganic salt and most noncollagen protein are removed with water, and the glue postprocessing working procedures is simple relatively.But the drawback of traditional alkali process also is conspicuous, and (1) production cycle is long, and according to the difference of region, whole process of production reaches 60～100 days, and production energy consumption is big; (2) quality product is wayward, because each seasonal temperature changes greatly, the seasonal temperature difference of the product of each batch experience causes the quality of production of gelatin stable inadequately; (3) water loss is big, and glue water consumption per ton reaches 600 tons, and sewage disposal workload thereupon and difficulty are big.In order to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, the scientific research personnel who is engaged in the gelatin cause has researched and developed some in succession and has simplified the method for manufacturing of gelatin technology.
The patent of invention of publication number CN1977013A discloses the method for a kind of preparation and purifying gelatin, aggregate water mill form slurry with fresh not demineralization of degreasing, the high temperature extracting obtains glue under the sour environment of pH2.4～3.9, through the glue reconcentration after the multiple separation, drying obtains gelatin, the preparation process of this method is very simple, be easy to operate and control, with short production cycle, but owing to do not remove raw water substantially in the production process, the mineral substance in the aggregate and the foreign protein of non-inorganics directly enter in the glue, these mineral substance major parts are mingled in the raw material with precipitation forms, need not flocculation agent, filter and to remove by general two phase separator, still can increase the program and the burden of aftertreatment; And those can't also can influence the purity and the quality of gelatin to a certain extent by the water-soluble foreign protein that aftertreatment technology is removed.
A kind of method of enzymolysis glue is disclosed in the patent of invention of patent No. ZL02125447.8, adopting the skeletal grain of not demineralization of degreasing is raw material, adopts enzymolysis process to prepare gelatin, and being ground into the glue generation from skeletal grain only is 6～10h, raw water is converted into glue, and water consumption is very little.Traditional technology water consumption, power consumption have fundamentally been reversed, with serious pollution defective; Reduce the manufacturing of gelatin cost, increased productive rate, stablized quality, improved efficient.But because the raw material of preparation gelatin is the skeletal grain of not demineralization of degreasing, some water-soluble foreign proteins and little fat also can be present in the gelatin that makes in the aggregate, influence the quality of gelatin.Although most of inorganic salt can be removed by sedimentary method in last handling process, but the residual quantity of inorganics is still up to more than 5%, the inorganic salt and the insoluble inorganic salt micro-nano granules that comprise solubility in the impurity, bring very big burden for the separation circuit in the aftertreatment, even cause gelatin to become substandard product owing to ash content is high.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides the method that a kind of proteasome degradation ossein prepares gelatin.This method mainly is to utilize the ossein of degreasing demineralization to be raw material, prepares gelatin with acidity or neutral protein enzyme liberating ossein.Compare with traditional alkali process, this method saved the long liming cycle and complicated in and water washing process, the production cycle of gelatin is shortened, saved great amount of water resources and human cost; Compare with the novel process of skeletal grain glue, foreign protein and inorganic salt content in the gelatin reduce greatly, thereby have improved the congeal intensity and the viscosity of product.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme provided by the present invention is:
A kind of proteasome degradation ossein prepares the method for gelatin, and this method comprises the steps:
(1) selecting the ossein of degreasing demineralization for use is raw material, adds water and grinds to form the ossein slurry, and the quality of ossein and water and volume ratio are 1g:2～15L, and wherein the ossein particle diameter in the ossein slurry is 0.5 ~ 5mm; The ossein particle diameter is thin more to help fully carrying out of enzyme digestion reaction more;
(2) pH with mineral acid adjusting ossein slurry is 2.5 ~ 4, adds aspartic protease, and the add-on of enzyme is 0.1 of ossein quality ~ 5 ‰;
Perhaps the pH with mineral acid adjusting ossein slurry is 5 ~ 8, adds neutral protease, and the add-on of enzyme is 0.1 of ossein quality ~ 5 ‰;
Reacted 0.5 ~ 5 hour down at 30 ℃ ~ 60 ℃; Disclosed method is compared in the patent of invention of this step and ZL02125447.8, because impurity (inorganic salt) content is low in the reaction system, therefore the utilization ratio height of enzyme reduces with the enzyme amount, and the reaction times shortens; In addition, high enzyme digestion reaction temperature helps the peptide bond of the specific position in the enzyme quick acting switching-off collagen, makes the molecular structure homogenization more of gelatin, thereby obtains the high power index of freezing;
(3) in the reactant slurry, add NaOH solution, KOH solution or milk of lime, reconciling its pH is 7～10; The effect in this step mainly is the organized enzyme of killing in the reaction system, the purpose that pH improves is that the proteolytic enzyme that prevents from not to be killed is in the following step high temperature extracting stage, acceleration is for the degraded of collagen, thereby destroys the performance of gelatin product, is the key that obtains the high quality gelatin for the control of pH;
(4) reacting by heating thing slurry to 60 ℃～80 ℃ kept 0.5 ~ 3 hour; If temperature is low excessively, the productive rate of gelatin is low, and high extraction temperature can destroy the viscosity of glue to a certain extent;
(5) adopt the filtering mode of cottonseed cake, remove solid residue, obtain clarifying gelatin solution;
(6) gelatin solution of step (5) preparation obtains the solid gelatin through behind the anion-cation exchange resin through concentrated, drying.
Adopt cottonseed cake filtration and two kinds of separate modes of ion exchange resin in conjunction with reaching better purification effect, because the cottonseed cake filtering type is removed solid impurity in the solution, what ion exchange resin was removed is soluble inorganic salt in the glue.
The ossein of degreasing demineralization of the present invention is meant the material that aggregate obtains through sufficient pickling processing again after skimming treatment, its mineral substance of 80% (being mainly calcium phosphate, lime carbonate, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) and trimagnesium phosphate etc.) is removed fully, and the main component of surplus materials is a collagen.
Further, aspartic protease described in the aforesaid method is a stomach en-, and described neutral protease is a papoid, trypsinase, subtilis, kethepsin, Chymotrypsin.
Further, mineral acid described in the aforesaid method is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid.
Further, the reaction times in the step described in the aforesaid method (2) is preferably 0.5 ~ 3 hour, more preferably 1 hour.
Further, the temperature in the step described in the aforesaid method (4) is preferably 60 ℃～70 ℃, more preferably 60 ℃.
The gelatin of the present invention preparation after drying, the intensity of congealing reaches more than the 250 bloom g, viscosity reaches more than 3.5 mPas, transmitance is 620nm more than 85%, 450nm is more than 76%, productive rate is the per-cent that 65～75%(gelatin product accounts for the ossein raw material).Owing in the preparation process of gelatin, carry out the high temperature enzymolysis, α component concentration height in the gelatin molecule structure that produces, the experiment proved that the gelatin by the method for the invention preparation can also be used for except can be used for the hard capsule gelatin that the most high-grade gelatin---photographic gelatin uses.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
It is raw material that the present invention adopts the ossein of degreasing demineralization, and the mode with acidity or neutral protein enzyme liberating in the production process replaces long liming process in the traditional technology.Compare with traditional alkali process, this technology has 3 advantages: the 1) enzymolysis of ossein collagen and to carry the glue time short, only need 1 day time, and reduce 50 days approximately than the liming operation in traditional alkali process; 2) reduced the strong basicity discharge of wastewater, the liming of traditional alkali process with in and operation in, produce 1 ton of gelatin and will produce quantity of wastewater effluent more than 500 tons; 3) one glue rate of gum output height, high-grade glue output height.With adopt skeletal grain enzyme process adhesive-preparing technology in the patent of invention of ZL02125447.8 and compare, utilize ossein enzymolysis glue to have 2 advantages: 1) some water-soluble foreign proteins and little fat are removed in the pickling process in the aggregate, the purity of collagen will improve the quality of gelatin greatly than higher in the ossein; 2) compare with aggregate, most degradables are converted into gelatin in the ossein, so the energy consumption in enzymolysis and the extractive process all is used for the degraded of collagen, capacity usage ratio and plant factor height.(3) low with the enzyme amount, the reaction times shortens, and high enzyme digestion reaction temperature helps the peptide bond of the specific position in the enzyme quick acting switching-off collagen, makes the molecular structure homogenization more of gelatin, thereby obtains the high power index of freezing.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1. select ossein 100 grams of degreasing demineralization in the traditional technology for use, add water and grind to form the ossein slurry, the quality of ossein and water and volume ratio are 1g:5L; Ossein particle diameter in the ossein slurry is 0.5 ~ 2mm;
2. the pH that adds hydrochloric acid conditioned reaction thing is 4; Add 0.3 gram stomach en-, reacted 2 hours down at 40 ℃;
3. add milk of lime in the reactant slurry, the pH that reconciles slurry is 9;
4. reacting by heating slurry to 60 ℃, the time is 2 hours;
5. adopt the filtering mode of cottonseed cake, the place to go solid residue obtains clarifying gelatin solution;
6. glue obtains solid gelatin 72 grams through behind the anion-cation exchange resin through concentrated, drying.
The performance index of gelatin see Table 1.
The physical and chemical indexes of table 1. embodiment 1 gelatin
| Color and luster | Oyster white |
| Smell | Tasteless |
| Transmitance | 620nm?91%，450nm?89% |
| The intensity of congealing | 310?bloom?g |
| Bo Shi viscosity | 4.5mpa·s?（6.67%，60℃） |
| Ash content | 0.85% |
| The pH value | 6.0 |
| Heavy metal: (in lead) | ≤50mg/kg |
Embodiment 2:
1. select ossein 100 grams of degreasing demineralization in the traditional technology for use, add water and grind to form the ossein slurry, the quality of ossein and water and volume ratio are 1g:2.5L; Ossein particle diameter in the ossein slurry is 0.5 ~ 2mm;
2. the pH that adds hydrochloric acid conditioned reaction thing is 2.5; Add 0.3 gram stomach en-, reacted 2 hours down at 50 ℃;
3. add milk of lime in the reactant slurry, the pH that reconciles slurry is 7;
4. reacting by heating slurry to 65 ℃, the time is 1 hour;
5. adopt the filtering mode of cottonseed cake, the place to go solid residue obtains clarifying gelatin solution;
6. glue obtains solid gelatin 68 grams through behind the anion-cation exchange resin through concentrated, drying.
The performance index of gelatin see Table 2.
The physical and chemical indexes of table 2. embodiment 2 gelatin
| Color and luster | Oyster white |
| Smell | Tasteless |
| Transmitance | 620nm?91%，450nm?82% |
| The intensity of congealing | 330?bloom?g |
| Bo Shi viscosity | 4.0mpa·s?（6.67%，60℃） |
| Ash content | 0.75% |
| The pH value | 6.0 |
| Heavy metal: (in lead) | ≤50mg/kg |
Embodiment 3:
1. select ossein 100 grams of degreasing demineralization in the traditional technology for use, add water and grind to form the ossein slurry, the quality of ossein and water and volume ratio are 1g:5L; Ossein particle diameter in the ossein slurry is 0.5 ~ 5mm;
2. the pH that adds phosphoric acid conditioned reaction thing is 7; Add 0.1 gram trypsinase, reacted 2 hours down at 37 ℃;
3. add milk of lime in the reactant slurry, the pH that adjusts slurry is 10;
4. reacting by heating slurry to 60 ℃, the time is 2 hours.
5. adopt the filtering mode of cottonseed cake, the place to go solid residue obtains clarifying gelatin solution.
6. glue obtains solid gelatin 68 grams through behind the anion-cation exchange resin through concentrated, drying.
The character of gelatin sees Table 3
The physical and chemical indexes of table 3. embodiment 3 gelatin
| Color and luster | Oyster white |
| Smell | Tasteless |
| Transmitance | 620nm?87%，450nm?76% |
| The intensity of congealing | 250?bloom?g |
| Bo Shi viscosity | 3.5mpa·s?（6.67%，60℃） |
| Ash content | 0.85% |
| The pH value | 6.0 |
| Heavy metal: (in lead) | ≤50mg/kg |
Embodiment 4:
1. select ossein 100 grams of degreasing demineralization in the traditional technology for use, add water and grind to form the ossein slurry, the quality of ossein and water and volume ratio are 1g:3L; Ossein particle diameter in the ossein slurry is 0.5 ~ 5mm;
2. the pH that adds nitric acid conditioned reaction thing is 5.7; Add 0.1 gram papoid, reacted 1 hour down at 50 ℃;
3. add milk of lime in the reactant slurry, the pH that adjusts slurry is 10;
4. reacting by heating slurry to 60 ℃, the time is 1 hour;
5. adopt the filtering mode of cottonseed cake, the place to go solid residue obtains clarifying gelatin solution;
6. glue obtains solid gelatin 65 grams through behind the anion-cation exchange resin through concentrated, drying.
The character of gelatin sees Table 4.
The physical and chemical indexes of table 4. embodiment 4 gelatin
| Color and luster | Oyster white |
| Smell | Tasteless |
| Transmitance | 620nm?85%，450nm?77% |
| The intensity of congealing | 265?bloom?g |
| Bo Shi viscosity | 3.5mpa·s?（6.67%，60℃） |
| Ash content | 0.85% |
| The pH value | 6.0 |
| Heavy metal: (in lead) | ≤50mg/kg |
Embodiment 5:
1. select ossein 100 grams of degreasing demineralization in the traditional technology for use, add water and grind to form the ossein slurry, the quality of ossein and water and volume ratio are 1g:15L; Ossein particle diameter in the ossein slurry is 0.5 ~ 2mm;
2. the pH that adds hydrochloric acid conditioned reaction thing is 6; Add 0.01 gram kethepsin, reacted 5 hours down at 40 ℃;
3. add milk of lime in the reactant slurry, the pH that reconciles slurry is 9;
4. reacting by heating slurry to 80 ℃, the time is 3 hours;
5. adopt the filtering mode of cottonseed cake, the place to go solid residue obtains clarifying gelatin solution;
6. glue obtains solid gelatin 72 grams through behind the anion-cation exchange resin through concentrated, drying.
The performance index of gelatin see Table 1.
The physical and chemical indexes of table 5. embodiment 5 gelatin
| Color and luster | Oyster white |
| Smell | Tasteless |
| Transmitance | 620nm?87%，450nm?83% |
| The intensity of congealing | 255?bloom?g |
| Bo Shi viscosity | 3.8?mpa·s?（6.67%，60℃） |
| Ash content | 0.75% |
| The pH value | 6.0 |
| Heavy metal: (in lead) | ≤50mg/kg |
Embodiment 6:
1. select ossein 100 grams of degreasing demineralization in the traditional technology for use, add water and grind to form the ossein slurry, the quality of ossein and water and volume ratio are 1g:2L; Ossein particle diameter in the ossein slurry is 0.5 ~ 2mm;
2. the pH that adds phosphoric acid conditioned reaction thing is 8; Add 0.5 gram Chymotrypsin, reacted 3 hours down at 40 ℃;
3. add NaOH solution in the reactant slurry, the pH that reconciles slurry is 10;
4. reacting by heating slurry to 70 ℃, the time is 0.5 hour;
5. adopt the filtering mode of cottonseed cake, the place to go solid residue obtains clarifying gelatin solution;
6. glue obtains solid gelatin 67 grams through behind the anion-cation exchange resin through concentrated, drying.
The performance index of gelatin see Table 1.
The physical and chemical indexes of table 6. embodiment 6 gelatin
| Color and luster | Oyster white |
| Smell | Tasteless |
| Transmitance | 620nm?88%，450nm?82% |
| The intensity of congealing | 280?bloom?g |
| Bo Shi viscosity | 3.9?mpa·s?（6.67%，60℃） |
| Ash content | 0.85% |
| The pH value | 6.0 |
| Heavy metal: (in lead) | ≤50mg/kg |
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention only is for example of the present invention clearly is described, and is not to be qualification to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here can't give exhaustive to all embodiments.Everyly belong to the row that conspicuous variation that technical scheme of the present invention extends out or change still are in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a proteasome degradation ossein prepares the method for gelatin, it is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
(1) selecting the ossein of degreasing demineralization for use is raw material, adds water and grinds to form the ossein slurry, and the quality of ossein and water and volume ratio are 1g:2～15L, and wherein the ossein particle diameter in the ossein slurry is 0.5 ~ 5mm;
(2) pH with mineral acid adjusting ossein slurry is 2.5 ~ 4, adds aspartic protease, and the add-on of enzyme is 0.1 of ossein quality ~ 5 ‰, reacts 0.5 ~ 5 hour down at 30 ℃ ~ 60 ℃;
Perhaps the pH with mineral acid adjusting ossein slurry is 5 ~ 8, adds neutral protease, and the add-on of enzyme is 0.1 of ossein quality ~ 5 ‰, reacts 0.5 ~ 5 hour down at 30 ℃ ~ 60 ℃;
(3) add sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or milk of lime in the reactant slurry, reconciling its pH is 7～10;
(4) reacting by heating thing slurry to 60 ℃～80 ℃ kept 0.5 ~ 3 hour;
(5) adopt the filtering mode of cottonseed cake, remove solid residue, obtain clarifying gelatin solution;
(6) gelatin solution of step (5) preparation obtains the solid gelatin through behind the anion-cation exchange resin through concentrated, drying.
2. proteasome degradation ossein according to claim 1 prepares the method for gelatin, it is characterized in that, described aspartic protease is a stomach en-, and described neutral protease is a papoid, trypsinase, subtilis, kethepsin, Chymotrypsin.
3. proteasome degradation ossein according to claim 1 prepares the method for gelatin, it is characterized in that, described mineral acid is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid.
4. proteasome degradation ossein according to claim 1 prepares the method for gelatin, it is characterized in that, the reaction times in the described step (2) is 0.5 ~ 3 hour.
5. proteasome degradation ossein according to claim 4 prepares the method for gelatin, it is characterized in that, the reaction times in the described step (2) is 1 hour.
6. proteasome degradation ossein according to claim 1 prepares the method for gelatin, it is characterized in that, the temperature in the described step (4) is 60 ℃～70 ℃.
7. proteasome degradation ossein according to claim 6 prepares the method for gelatin, it is characterized in that, the temperature in the described step (4) is 60 ℃.
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| CN102329843A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-01-25 | 蚌埠丰原明胶有限公司 | Enzyme method for preparing gelatin |
| CN103060406A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-04-24 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Method for Extracting Low Molecular Weight Collagen from Livestock Bone |
| CN103333939A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-10-02 | 新疆艾萨尔生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for preparing gelatin from bone collagen fibers by alkali-enzyme composite degradation |
| CN103555802A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-05 | 安徽丰原发酵技术工程研究有限公司 | Method for preparing gelatin by gelatin extraction through enzyme method |
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| CN103937859A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-23 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Method for preparing gelatin by using bone meal as raw material through enzyme method |
| CN104146982A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-11-19 | 浙江益立胶囊有限公司 | Hollow enteric capsule |
| CN104419742A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-03-18 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Method for preparing gelatin by taking bone particles as raw materials |
| CN104593464A (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2015-05-06 | 湖南尔康制药股份有限公司 | Enzymatic method for preparing bone gelatin |
| CN108925742A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-12-04 | 余碧芝 | Bone collagen peptide and its production method with gel characteristic |
| CN112625603A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-09 | 浙大宁波理工学院 | Preparation method of thamnaconus modestus fish skin gelatin |
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| CN102329843B (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-09-04 | 安徽丰原集团有限公司 | Enzyme method for preparing gelatin |
| CN102329843A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-01-25 | 蚌埠丰原明胶有限公司 | Enzyme method for preparing gelatin |
| CN103060406B (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2015-02-18 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Method for Extracting Low Molecular Weight Collagen from Livestock Bone |
| CN103060406A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-04-24 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Method for Extracting Low Molecular Weight Collagen from Livestock Bone |
| WO2014044626A2 (en) | 2012-09-18 | 2014-03-27 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Process for the preparation of gelatin |
| CN103937859B (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2017-10-10 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Method for preparing gelatin by using bone meal as raw material through enzyme method |
| CN103937859A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-23 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Method for preparing gelatin by using bone meal as raw material through enzyme method |
| CN103333939A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-10-02 | 新疆艾萨尔生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for preparing gelatin from bone collagen fibers by alkali-enzyme composite degradation |
| CN104419742A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-03-18 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Method for preparing gelatin by taking bone particles as raw materials |
| CN104419742B (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2017-07-21 | 包头东宝生物技术股份有限公司 | A kind of method that gelatin is prepared by raw material of skeletal grain |
| CN103555802A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-05 | 安徽丰原发酵技术工程研究有限公司 | Method for preparing gelatin by gelatin extraction through enzyme method |
| CN104146982A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-11-19 | 浙江益立胶囊有限公司 | Hollow enteric capsule |
| CN104593464A (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2015-05-06 | 湖南尔康制药股份有限公司 | Enzymatic method for preparing bone gelatin |
| CN108925742A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-12-04 | 余碧芝 | Bone collagen peptide and its production method with gel characteristic |
| CN112625603A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-09 | 浙大宁波理工学院 | Preparation method of thamnaconus modestus fish skin gelatin |
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Application publication date: 20110511 |