CN102040416A - Preparation and application methods of special fertilizer for continuous-cropping isatis indigotica - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to preparation and application methods of a special fertilizer for continuous-cropping isatis indigotica, belonging to preparation and application of fertilizers. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: mixing dairy manure, chicken manure, corn stalk powder, corn flour and organic material decomposing inoculants, adding water and stirring, preserving moisture and fermenting; drying and smashing a fermented mixture material, adding humic acid powder and bentonite powder, and continuously drying to obtain a main material; uniformly mixing corn stalk segments, the corn stalk powder, sorghum stalk powder, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate to prepare an auxiliary material; and uniformly mixing the main material with the auxiliary material by the weight ratio of 1:(1-4) to prepare the special fertilizer for the continuous-cropping isatis indigotica. The application method is characterized in that 1500-2600kg of the special fertilizer for the continuous-cropping isatis indigotica is applied per 667m<2> and ploughed under the deep soil of 15 centimeters to 30 centimeters. In the invention, the nutrients required for the growth of the isatis indigotica are ensured, and meanwhile, organic matters, beneficial bacteria and the like are added for improving the rhizosphere environment according to the growth characteristics of the isatis indigotica, therefore, an auto-toxic substance is degraded, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the effect of continuous high and stable yield of the isatis indigotica is achieved.

Description

Preparation and application of special fertilizer for repeated cropping of woad

technical field

The invention belongs to fertilizers, in particular to a method for making and using a special fertilizer for repeated cropping of Isatis indica.

Background technique

Isatis indigotica ( Isatis indigotica ) is a biennial herb with important medicinal value. The root is used as Radix Isatis, and the leaves are used as Daqingye. treat. However, continuous cropping (heavy cropping) of Isatis indica for many years will cause problems such as reduced yield, aggravated pests and diseases, and decreased quality of medicinal materials. And GAP certification requires a stable production base, in order to solve such a contradiction, the invention provides a special fertilizer for repeated cropping of woad.

Contents of the invention

The invention aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides a method for making and using a special fertilizer for repeated cropping of Isatis indigo, which solves the problems of reduced yield, aggravated diseases and insect pests, and reduced quality caused by continuous cropping of Isatis indigo.

The making of special fertilizer for repeated cropping of woad indigo of the present invention is realized through the following steps:

a. Preparation of main ingredients: 350-500 parts of cow dung containing 11-15% moisture, 80-150 parts of chicken manure containing 11-15% moisture, and corn stalks containing 10-17% moisture in parts by weight Mix and stir 120-200 parts of flour, 15-30 parts of cornmeal with 10-15% water content and 1-5 parts of organic material decomposing agent, then add water to control the water content at 40-50%, then stir evenly and stack Moisturizing, the ambient temperature is controlled at 18-25°C, the humidity is controlled at 50-65%, and fermentation is carried out for 7-13 days; the fermented mixture is dried at 35-45°C and protected from light, and the water content is reduced to 14-14. 17%, crushed to 60-100 mesh, then add humic acid powder with a weight of 8-12% and bentonite powder with a weight of 5-10%, and continue to dry until the water content reaches 11-14%. ;

b. Preparation of auxiliary materials: 3-5cm corn stalks with a water content of 10-17%, corn stalk powder with a water content of 10-17%, sorghum straw powder with a water content of 10-17%, calcium superphosphate and Potassium sulfate is mixed in turn according to the weight ratio of 220～310:200～280:200～300:3～7:1;

c. Preparation of special fertilizer: mix the main material prepared in step a and the auxiliary material prepared in step b according to the weight ratio of 1:1-4, and then prepare the special fertilizer for repeated cropping of Isatis indigo.

Among them, the humic acid powder is 50-140 mesh, and the bentonite powder is 80-150 mesh.

The method of using the special fertilizer for heavy-cropping woad. After harvesting woad, clean up the residue of woad on the land, ^apply 1500-2600kg of special fertilizer for heavy-cropping woad per 667m2, and pour it into the soil layer at a depth of 15-30cm. In spring, woad can be planted.

According to the growth characteristics of Isatis indigo, the present invention uses the special fertilizer for repeated cropping of Isatis indigo, while ensuring the nutrients required for the growth of Isatis indigo, adding organic matter, beneficial bacteria, etc. to improve the rhizosphere environment, thereby degrading autotoxic substances, reducing the occurrence of diseases, and making Isatis indigo achieved sustained high and stable yield.

Detailed ways

Required raw materials: chicken manure, cow dung, corn stalks, decomposing agent for organic materials, 50-140 mesh humic acid powder and 80-150 mesh bentonite powder.

Among them, the organic material decomposing agent is the "Ames" brand organic material decomposing agent produced by Beijing Century Ames Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and its registration certificate of the Ministry of Agriculture: Microbial Fertilizer (2003) Zhunzi (0110); implementation Standard: GB20287-2006. Ames organic material decomposing agent is a high-tech product jointly developed by experts in microbial fertilizers from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and experts with many years of practical experience in Ames. It is a special product for the production of high-quality organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers. High-efficiency biological leavening agent. Because it contains a variety of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and yeasts with special functions, these bacteria are fermented and compounded by special technology, and they are not antagonistic to each other, but synergistic with each other, so it is also a compound biological preparation. its unique advantages.

Ames organic material decomposing agent has the following functions and characteristics:

1. The number of effective viable bacteria is stable over 100 million/g, up to 200 million/g;

2. Powerful functions: Adding this product to livestock and poultry manure can rapidly heat up, deodorize and dehydrate at room temperature (20oC), and completely decompose in about a week;

3. Multi-bacteria complex: mainly composed of fungi, yeast, actinomycetes and bacteria, which are not antagonistic to each other and act synergistically;

4. Multiple functions and good effect: not only has a strong decomposing effect on organic materials, but also reproduces a large number of functional bacteria and produces a variety of special metabolites (such as hormones, antibiotics, etc.) Disease resistance, drought resistance, and cold resistance. After entering the soil, functional bacteria can fix nitrogen, decompose phosphorus, and decompose potassium, increase soil nutrients, improve soil structure, and increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers;

5. Wide application and safe use: it can process a variety of organic materials, non-toxic, harmless and pollution-free;

6. Promote the mineralization and humification of organic materials: After mineralization, the nutrients change from invalid and slow-acting states to effective and quick-acting states; after humification, a large amount of humic acid is produced to stimulate crop growth.

The humic acid, humic acid is a natural organic substance, which is a product formed by the decomposition and synthesis of ancient plants through microorganisms. It has weak acidity, water absorption, colloidal, adsorption, ion exchange, and complexation , redox and physiological activity. According to the molecular weight and solubility of humic acid, it can be divided into fulvic acid, brown humic acid and black humic acid. Fulvic acid is widely used in agricultural production because of its small molecular weight, many acidic genes, soluble in acid, alkali and water, and easy to be absorbed by plants. At present, the main products used in agricultural production are: humic acid (fulvic acid) organic and inorganic compound fertilizers and liquid fertilizers using fulvic acid as raw materials, plant hormones, soil improvers, drought-resistant agents, and pesticide synergists And veterinary drugs, feed additives, etc.

Example 1

The making of special fertilizer for repeated cropping of woad indigo of the present invention is realized through the following steps:

a. Preparation of main ingredients: 350-500 parts of cow dung containing 11-15% moisture, 80-150 parts of chicken manure containing 11-15% moisture, and corn stalks containing 10-17% moisture in parts by weight Mix and stir 120-200 parts of flour, 15-30 parts of cornmeal with 10-15% water content and 1-5 parts of organic material decomposing agent, then add water to control the water content at 40-50%, then stir evenly and stack Moisturizing, the ambient temperature is controlled at 18-25°C, the humidity is controlled at 50-65%, and fermentation is carried out for 7-13 days; the fermented mixture is dried at 35-45°C and protected from light, and the water content is reduced to 14-14. 17%, crushed to 60-100 mesh, then add brown humic acid powder with a weight of 8-12% and bentonite powder with a weight of 5-10%, and continue to dry until the water content reaches 11-14%. material;

b. Preparation of auxiliary materials: 3-5cm corn stalks with a water content of 10-17%, corn stalk powder with a water content of 10-17%, sorghum straw powder with a water content of 10-17%, calcium superphosphate and Potassium sulfate is mixed in turn according to the weight ratio of 220～310:200～280:200～300:3～7:1;

c. Preparation of special fertilizer: mix the main material prepared in step a and the auxiliary material prepared in step b according to the weight ratio of 1:1-4, and then prepare the special fertilizer for repeated cropping of Isatis indigo.

Example 2

The making of special fertilizer for repeated cropping of woad indigo of the present invention is realized through the following steps:

a. Preparation of main ingredients: 350 parts by weight of cow dung containing 11-15% moisture, 150 parts of chicken manure containing 11-15% moisture, 120 parts of corn stalk powder containing 10-17% moisture, Mix and stir 150 parts of cornmeal with a water content of 10-15% and 1 part of an organic material decomposing agent, then add water to control the water content at 40-50%, then stir evenly, stack and moisturize, and control the ambient temperature at 18-23°C , The humidity is controlled at 50-65%, and fermentation is carried out for 8 days; the fermented mixture is dried at 35-45°C and protected from light, and the water content is reduced to 14-17%, crushed to 60-100 mesh, and then added The black humic acid powder with a weight of 8% and the bentonite powder with a weight of 10% are dried until the water content reaches 11-14%, and the main material is obtained;

b. Preparation of auxiliary materials: 3-5cm corn stalks with a water content of 10-17%, corn stalk powder with a water content of 10-17%, sorghum straw powder with a water content of 10-17%, calcium superphosphate and Potassium sulfate is mixed in turn according to the weight ratio of 220:200:200:3:1;

c. Preparation of special fertilizer: Mix the main material prepared in step a and the auxiliary material prepared in step b at a weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare the special fertilizer for repeated cropping of Isatis indigo.

Example 3

The making of special fertilizer for repeated cropping of woad indigo of the present invention is realized through the following steps:

a. Preparation of main ingredients: 500 parts by weight of cow dung containing 11-15% moisture, 80 parts of chicken manure containing 11-15% moisture, 200 parts of corn stalk powder containing 10-17% moisture, Mix and stir 30 parts of cornmeal with a water content of 10-15% and 5 parts of an organic material decomposing agent, then add water to control the water content at 40-50%, then stir evenly, stack and moisturize, and control the ambient temperature at 20-23°C , the humidity is controlled at 50-65%, and fermented for 13 days; the fermented mixture is dried at 35-45°C and protected from light, the water content is reduced to 14-17%, and it is crushed to 60-100 mesh to obtain Crushed materials, then add fulvic acid with 12% weight of crushed materials and bentonite powder with 5% weight of crushed materials, continue to dry until the water content reaches 11-14%, that is, the main material is obtained;

b. Preparation of auxiliary materials: 3-5cm corn stalks with a water content of 10-17%, corn stalk powder with a water content of 10-17%, sorghum straw powder with a water content of 10-17%, calcium superphosphate and Potassium sulfate is mixed in turn according to the weight ratio of 310:280:300:7:1;

C, the preparation of special-purpose fertilizer: the main material that a step makes and the auxiliary material that b step makes are mixed by the weight ratio of 1: 4, promptly make the special fertilizer for repeated cropping of Isatis indigo.

Example 4

The making of special fertilizer for repeated cropping of woad indigo of the present invention is realized through the following steps:

a. Preparation of main ingredients: 450 parts by weight of cow dung containing 11-15% moisture, 120 parts of chicken manure containing 11-15% moisture, 150 parts of corn stalk powder containing 10-17% moisture, Mix and stir 25 parts of cornmeal with a water content of 10-15% and 3 parts of an organic material decomposing agent, then add water to control the water content at 40-50%, then stir evenly, stack and moisturize, and control the ambient temperature at 22-25°C , the humidity is controlled at 50-65%, and fermented for 11 days; the fermented mixture is dried at 35-45°C and protected from light, the water content is reduced to 14-17%, and it is crushed to 60-100 mesh to obtain Crushed material, then add fulvic acid with 10% weight of ground material and bentonite powder with 8% weight of ground material, and continue to dry until the water content reaches 11-14%, that is, the main material is obtained;

b. Preparation of auxiliary materials: 3-5cm corn stalks with a water content of 10-17%, corn stalk powder with a water content of 10-17%, sorghum straw powder with a water content of 10-17%, calcium superphosphate and Potassium sulfate is mixed in turn according to the weight ratio of 250:230:250:4:1;

c. Preparation of special fertilizer: Mix the main material prepared in step a and the auxiliary material prepared in step b at a weight ratio of 1:2 to prepare the special fertilizer for repeated cropping of Isatis indigo.

Example 5

Production equipment: mixers, crushers, vibrating screens, granulators, granulators, drying rooms, workshops with clean cement floors, sacks, straw curtains, etc.

Take 410kg of cow manure with a moisture content of 11-15%, 90kg of chicken manure with a moisture content of 11-15%, 150kg of corn stalk powder with a moisture content of 10-17%, 25kg of cornmeal with a moisture content of 10-15%, and organic materials. Add 3kg of the above-mentioned material into the mixer, stir well, add appropriate amount of water, so that the water content is controlled at 43-46%, and then stir evenly. Pile the stirred materials into long strips with a width of 2 meters and a height of 1.2 meters, covered with sacks and straw curtains to keep moisture, keep the room temperature at 18-22°C, and the humidity at 55-60%, keep the indoor air circulation, and carry out fermentation Composting and fermenting for 8-10 days, at this time, the temperature of the material pile is lowered, loose, and has no original odor. Dry the fermented material at 35-45°C, avoid light and ventilate. When the moisture reaches 14-17%, crush it to 60-100 mesh to obtain crushed material, and then add 70-10% of the weight of the crushed material. 100-mesh fulvic acid and 100-120-mesh 8% bentonite powder are dried until the moisture is 11-13% to obtain the main material;

Mix 240kg of 3-5cm corn stalks (cut) with a water content of 10-17%, 250kg of corn stalk powder, 230kg of sorghum stalk powder, 6kg of superphosphate, and 1kg of potassium sulfate, and mix well to obtain auxiliary materials;

The main material and auxiliary material prepared above are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2.2, and the special fertilizer for repeated cropping of Isatis indigo is obtained.

Example 6

The usage method of the special fertilizer for repeated cropping of Isatis indigo produced in Examples 1 to 5 is to clean up the residues of Isatis indigo on the land after the indigo is harvested, and apply 1500 to 2600 kg of special fertilizer for heavy cropping of Isatis indigo per 667 m ² , and turn it into In the 15-30cm deep soil layer, woad can be planted in the spring of the following year.

The special fertilizer for repeated cropping of woad indigo made in Examples 1 to 5 is used in the plantation of woad indigo, and its influence on output is shown in the following table:

Output (kg) Non-cropping land one year cropping land Second-year cropping land Three-year cropping land control 235.7 213.6 175.8 167.7 deal with 238.3 235.9 227.7 219.9 improve(%) 1.10 10.44 29.52 31.13

It can be seen from the above table that the special fertilizer for heavy cropping of Isatis indica has no significant effect on non-heavy cropping land, but has a significant effect on two or three-year heavy cropping land, and the yield of three-year heavy cropping land can be increased by 31.13%.

The effect of repeated cropping of Isatis indica on the incidence of soil-borne diseases such as root rot and sclerotinia is shown in the table below:

Incidence rate (%) Non-cropping land one year cropping land Second-year cropping land Three-year cropping land control 0.23 1.04 2.09 4.09 deal with 0.05 0.17 0.35 0.53

It can be seen that the occurrence of diseases in new land is less, and the occurrence of such diseases can be significantly reduced in two or three years of repeated cropping.

Claims (3)

1. The production of special fertilizer for repeated cropping of woad is realized through the following steps: a. Preparation of main ingredients: 350-500 parts of cow dung containing 11-15% moisture, 80-150 parts of chicken manure containing 11-15% moisture, and corn stalks containing 10-17% moisture in parts by weight 120-200 parts of powder, 15-30 parts of cornmeal with moisture content of 10-15%% and 1-5 parts of organic material decomposing agent are mixed and stirred, then water is added to control the water content at 40-50%, and then stirred evenly and stacked. Keep the moisture in the stack, the ambient temperature is controlled at 18-25°C, the humidity is controlled at 50-65%, and the fermentation is carried out for 7-13 days; the fermented mixture is dried at 35-45°C and protected from light, and the water content is reduced to 14 ~17%, crushed to 60~100 mesh, then add humic acid powder with a weight of 8~12% and bentonite powder with a weight of 5~10%, and continue to dry until the water content reaches 11~14%. material; b. Preparation of auxiliary materials: 3-5cm corn stalks with a water content of 10-17%, corn stalk powder with a water content of 10-17%, sorghum straw powder with a water content of 10-17%, calcium superphosphate and Potassium sulfate is mixed in turn according to the weight ratio of 220～310:200～280:200～300:3～7:1; c. Preparation of special fertilizer: Mix the main material prepared in step a and the auxiliary material prepared in step b according to the weight ratio of 1:1-4, and then the special fertilizer for repeated cropping of Isatis indigo can be obtained. 2. The making of special fertilizer for repeated cropping of Isatis indica as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the humic acid powder is 50-140 mesh, and the bentonite powder is 80-150 mesh. 3. How to use special fertilizer for Isatis indigo. After harvesting Isatis indigo, clean up the residue of Isatis indigo on the land, apply 1500-2600kg of special fertilizer for Isatis indigo in every ^667m2 , and pour it into the soil layer at a depth of 15-30cm , In the spring of the following year, woad can be planted.