CN102027851A - Out-of-season efficient matrix bag cultivation method of potato - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an out-of-season efficient matrix bag cultivation technology of a potato, which is suitable for the middle and lower Yangtze areas, wherein a meta-acid vinegar residue matrix is utilized, a planting bag cultivation technology of a potato is combined, the off-season efficient cultivation of the potato is realized through the following manufacturing and managing measures: the breed selection, the seeding time confirmation, accelerating germination and disinfection of the seed potato, reasonable compact planting, fertilization operation, control of freezing injury, chemical control, pest control, harvest and the like. In the invention, the adopted vinegar residue matrix is the waste residue in condiment production without containing heavy metal or other harmful substances; and the occurrence of pests and diseases resulted from continuous cropping obstacle can be effectively conquered by utilizing the planting bag cultivation, thereby realizing the cleaner production during the planting of the potato and greatly enhancing the quality of the potato.

Description

A kind of off-season high-efficiency substrate bag cultivation method for potatoes

Technical field:

The invention relates to a high-efficiency cultivation method for potatoes, in particular to an off-season cultivation method for cultivating potatoes in bags using vinegar grain matrix in greenhouses in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Background technique:

Potatoes, commonly known as potatoes, are a kind of Solanaceae Solanaceae crops with wide distribution, strong adaptability, high yield, rich nutrition, suitable for food, vegetables, feeding, and various food raw materials. It likes to grow in an acidic soil environment with loose soil structure, large porosity, good ventilation, and rich in organic matter. The most suitable soil pH value is between 5.5 and 6.5. Potatoes require a large amount of fertilizer. In terms of the demand for the three elements of fertilizers, potassium is the most, followed by nitrogen and less phosphorus. At present, most potatoes are extensively cultivated in large fields, which limits the improvement of potato quality and yield. In recent years, in some areas, greenhouses have been used to try out-of-season cultivation of potatoes. Although the results have been remarkable, it is difficult to achieve continuous planting in limited greenhouses because potatoes are especially forbidden for continuous cropping.

Substrate bag culture technology is a cultivation measure that effectively overcomes the obstacles of crop continuous cropping, and is widely used in facility cultivation. It is characterized by the technical mode of putting various organic and inorganic substrates or their composites into special planting bags for crop cultivation.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and realize the high-efficiency off-season cultivation of potatoes by applying the potato matrix bag culture technology, and overcome the continuous cropping obstacles that are easily produced by other cultivation methods.

To achieve the above object, the present invention mainly takes the following steps;

(1) Variety selection: Choose early-maturing, high-yield, disease-resistant, concentrated tuber-bearing, and good commerciality new varieties, such as "Kexin 2", "Kexin 4" and "Dongnong 303".

(2) Seed potato treatment: In mid-November, according to normal high-yield potato cultivation techniques, seed potato selection, seed soaking, disinfection, cutting and germination are carried out to cultivate strong seedlings.

(3) Planting bag selection and bagging: The planting bag is selected from a polyethylene plastic bag with a length of 100cm, a folded diameter of 35cm, and a thickness of ^0.1mm , which is black on the inside and silvery on the outside. , P, K each account for 15% by mass) 20g, potassium sulfate 6g proportioning standard carries out base manure and matrix evenly mixes and packs into the planting bag after sealing and compacting, the planting bag after filling the matrix is 90cm * 20cm * 14cm Flat cylinder.

(4) Seedling planting: At the beginning of December, when the bud length is 1-2cm, the seedlings are transplanted into the planting bag; the planting bags are connected end to end in rows, with an interval of 5cm between the two rows, and every 5 rows form a furrow with a furrow distance of 50cm. There are 4 planting holes in each bag, the hole distance is 20cm, the hole diameter is 10cm, the planting density is about 6500 plants/667m ² , and the planting depth is 10cm. Water seepage holes.

(5) Water and fertilizer management and chemical control: In production, according to the water demand characteristics of potatoes, that is, the water-holding capacity of the substrate is maintained at 70% during the expansion period of the most sensitive potato cubes, and 60% of the water-holding capacity of the substrate is maintained at the remaining growth stages, depending on the moisture content. Carry out irrigation; In view of the slow-release fertilizer of the vinegar residue matrix, it can be sprayed with a mass concentration of 1% urea solution as topdressing at the potato seedling stage and the early flowering stage, and a 0.25% borax solution at the initial flowering stage; In order to suppress excessive growth, paclobutrazol with a concentration of 50 mg/kg or a chlormequat solution with a mass concentration of 0.1-0.2% active ingredient and 15% can be regularly sprayed depending on the situation.

(6) Prevention of freezing damage: ensure that the minimum temperature in the shed is not lower than 3-5°C.

(7) Pest management: Anti-season substrate bag culture technology, generally less pests and diseases, for the possible late aphid damage, 40% dimethoate EC 2000 times liquid or 50% aphid net spray can be used to prevent and control.

(8) Harvest at the right time: Harvest when the middle and lower leaves of the potatoes turn green and turn yellow. Stop watering one week before harvesting. After clearing the aboveground parts of the potato plants, unseal the planting bag and pour out the potato pieces together with the substrate. After sorting out the potato pieces, dry them in the shade or store them on the market.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

Through the application of the method of potato bag culture in an out-of-season substrate, the yield per mu can reach more than 1800kg, and the listing date can be advanced to the beginning of March. The highest market price can reach 8 yuan/kg, and the average price is also 4-5 yuan/kg. The output value is more than 8,000 yuan, and the planting benefits have been significantly improved.

The vinegar grain base used in the present invention is waste residue from condiment production, and does not contain heavy metals and other harmful substances, and planting bag cultivation can effectively overcome the occurrence of diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping obstacles, thereby realizing clean production in the potato planting process and significantly improving the quality of potatoes .

Since the base fertilizer is fully mixed with the vinegar grain substrate during application, the nutrients in the substrate are uniform, and the looseness of the substrate environment is consistent, making the potato cubes uniform in size and good in appearance. Most potato cubes are 8-10cm long and 6-8cm wide. In particular, the harvesting method of dumping the substrate is adopted, without damage to the potato pieces, which protects the quality of the potato pieces and further improves the commodity of the potatoes.

The matrix bag culture technology can not only save the intertillage and weeding and the re-covering of soil to prevent the green heads of potato pieces, but also reduce the workload during harvest, and at the same time reduce the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Therefore, to a certain extent, it saves Save time and reduce production costs.

The dumped vinegar residue matrix is still a nutritious organic matrix, which can be reused for the planting and production of non-nightshade vegetables.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of planting bag arrangement of the present invention. 1 planting bag, 2 planting holes, 3 planting rows, 4 potato seedlings.

Detailed ways

The present invention adopts the Hengxin brand vinegar grains organic substrate as the cultivation substrate, which is an organic substrate developed from the industrial waste residue of vinegar production through resource utilization. Among them, the total potassium content reaches 1.12%, surpassing other kinds of substrates, the pH value is between 5.80-6.5, the bulk density is 0.25g/cm3, and the total porosity is about 69.41%. It is especially suitable for the environment rich in nutrients, acidic and loose The growth of potatoes.

In a plastic greenhouse with a length of 50 meters and a width of 8 meters in a certain area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a method of bag culture of potatoes with an off-season and high-efficiency substrate was implemented. The following is a detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings (Figure 1), which mainly includes the following steps:

(1) Variety selection, the planting variety is "Kexin No. 4".

(2) Seed potato treatment, in mid-November, select seed potatoes with uniform size, smooth skin and no disease spots, soak the seeds with 0.1% thiophanate-methyl and cut into pieces. When cutting, soak two knives in the mass concentration Disinfect in 0.02% potassium permanganate solution and use it alternately; the potato pieces are about 40g in size and contain at least two bud eyes, then put the potato pieces on the plant ash with the bud eyes upward, and cover them with plant ash. Insulates and moisturizes.

(3) Planting bag selection and bagging: planting bag 1 selects a polyethylene plastic bag with a length of 100cm, a folded diameter of 35cm, and a thickness of 0.1mm, which is black inside and silvery outside, to ensure that the potato roots and potato pieces grow in a dark environment; Poor substrate 0.04m ³ , ternary compound fertilizer (containing N, P, K each accounting for 15% by mass) 20g, potassium sulfate 6g proportioning standard, mix the base fertilizer and the substrate evenly, put it into a planting bag, seal and compact it, and pack it into a planting bag. The planting bag after being filled with substrate is a flat columnar body of 90cm×20cm×14cm. The planting bags are connected end to end in rows, each planting row has 3 planting bags and 50 bags, the row length is 45 meters, the bag distance between two rows is 5cm, and every 5 rows form 1 furrow. 50cm, the middle width is narrow, and the whole shed has a total of 1,000 planting bags.

(4) Planting of seedlings: on December 3, the potato seedlings 4 with a bud length of 1.5 cm were transplanted into the planting bags, and each bag was opened with 4 hole planting holes 2 at a distance of 20 cm, and 1 seedling was planted respectively, and the whole shed A total of 4000 potato seedlings were planted. The planting depth is 10cm. After covering, pour a small amount of water from the planting hole, and open 2 small water seepage holes with a diameter of about 1-1.5cm at the bottom of each bag.

(5) Water and fertilizer management and chemical control, because the substrate bag culture technology has a strong water retention performance, the amount of irrigation will be significantly lower than conventional soil cultivation. Substrate bag culture technology has better water retention, so the amount of irrigation is significantly lower than that of conventional soil cultivation. Generally, depending on the moisture content, except for the appropriate amount of watering during the expansion period of the potato pieces to maintain the level of 70% of the water holding capacity of the substrate, the rest of the time only needs to maintain the level of 60% of the water holding capacity of the substrate, and the irrigation needs to be stopped one week before harvest; Spraying a urea solution with a mass concentration of 1% in the initial flowering stage, and spraying a borax solution with a mass concentration of 0.25% in the initial flowering stage; due to the weak ultraviolet rays in the greenhouse and the high temperature in sunny days, potatoes are prone to leggy growth, so , Spraying a paclobutrazol solution with a concentration of 50 mg/kg once on some of the elongated plants during the budding and flowering stage to control the elongated growth.

(6) Prevention of freezing damage: Preventing low-temperature freezing damage is a key measure for off-season cultivation of potatoes. To prevent low-temperature freezing damage in winter, the main method of cultivation is to cover the greenhouse with a double-layer film of a small arch shed, and erect a small arch shed on every two borders, with a height of 1m. , Cover with a film, and cover with straw curtains or non-woven fabrics at night to keep the temperature in the shed above 3-5°C.

(7) Prevention of diseases and insect pests, owing to adopting the out-of-season substrate bag cultivation technique, the potatoes in this season are basically free of diseases, and a small amount of aphids that occur in the later stage are sprayed with 2000 times of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable oil.

(8) Harvest early at the right time. At the beginning of March, the middle and lower leaves of the potatoes turned green and turned yellow. The harvest was carried out on the 8th. Uniform, good commerciality, the cumulative output is 1090kg, the average price is 4.8 yuan/kg, and the output value is 5232 yuan. The poured out vinegar residue substrate is placed in the cultivation tank, and is recycled as the cultivation substrate of cucumber in spring.

Claims (1)

1. the efficient matrix bag of a potato anti-season culture method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps;

(1) kind is selected: select precocity, high yield, disease-resistant, the knot potato is concentrated, commodity is good new varieties;

(2) potato seed is handled: carry out potato seed screening, seed soaking, sterilization, stripping and slicing and vernalization according to normal Cultivition Technologues of High Potato Yield mid-November, cultivate strong sprout;

(3) plant that bag is selected and pack: the bag of planting is selected long 100cm for use, and the polyethylene plastic bag of infrablack silvery white in folding footpath 35cm, the thickness 0.1mm press the vinegar matrix 0.04m that is pickled with grains or in wine for every bag ³, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 20g, potassium sulphate 6g matching criterion carry out packing into after base manure and matrix are evenly mixed planting and seal compacting behind the bag, fill the flat column that the bag of planting after the matrix is 90cm * 20cm * 14cm, wherein Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium contains N, P, K and respectively accounts for 15% in mass;

(4) seedling is planted: at the beginning of 12 months, will plant transplantation of seedlings to the bag of planting when the long 1-2cm of bud; The bag of planting joins end to end and embarks on journey, two between-line spacing 5cm, and per 5 go into 1 furrow, and furrow are apart from 50cm; Open the hole of planting, 4 caves for every bag, pitch-row 20cm, aperture 10cm, about 6500 strains of plantation density/667m ², depth of planting 10cm, matrix covers the back and waters a small amount of clear water by the hole, opens two the about 1-1.5cm infiltration in aperture apertures at the bottom of every bag of bag;

(5) water and fertilizer management and chemical control: can be in the production according to the need water characteristic of potato, promptly need the most responsive potato piece expanding stage of water to keep 70% of matrix water-holding capacity, all the other vegetative stages keep the matrix water-holding capacity 60% and look soil moisture content and irrigate; In view of the poor matrix of vinegar is sustained release fertilizer, can respectively spray a mass concentration at potato seedling stage, initial bloom stage is that 1% urea liquid topdresses, and adds at initial bloom stage in addition that to spray a mass concentration be 0.25% borax soln; For suppressing excessive growth, can be respectively the paclobutrazol of 50mg/kg or the chlormequat solution that mass concentration is 0.1-0.2% active ingredient 15% by regular according to circumstances spraying concentration;

(6) freeze injury prevents: guarantee that the minimum air temperature is not less than 3-5 ℃ in the canopy;

(7) pest management: anti-season matrix bag training technology, general damage by disease and insect is less, to contingent later stage aphid cause harm the control of spraying only of 2000 times of liquid of available 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 50% aphid lice;

(8) gather in the crops: when potato middle and lower part blade moves back green jaundice, just can gather in the crops in good time, results stop to water the last week, behind the removing potato acrial part plant, take the bag of planting apart and seal, directly the potato piece is toppled over out together with matrix, sort out the listing or store of drying in the shade behind the potato piece.

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