CN102013947A - High-order modulation coded cooperation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-order modulation coded cooperation method. In the method, at the first time slot when a coded cooperation system transmits data, each user codes the bit information to be transmitted, and the information is simultaneously transmitted to a cooperation partner and a destination terminal after being modulated and mapped by binary phase shift keying (BPSK); and if the cooperation partner correctly decodes the data received at the first time slot, the cooperation partner recodes the decoded bit information at the second time slot, and the data are transmitted to the destination terminal after being modulated and mapped by 8PSK or 16QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation). Because the decoded data are recoded by the system at the second time slot, the data transmitted at the second time slot not only comprise the redundant information after coding but also comprise the bit information. The invention overcomes the defect of reliability reduction of the system caused by transmitting the data by high-order modulation at the second time slot, improves the diversity gain of the high-order modulation coded cooperation system, reduces the error rate of the system, and improves the reliability of the coded cooperation system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-order phase modulation, in particular to a high-order modulation coding cooperation method, namely a high-order modulation method in a coding cooperation system.
Background
Cooperative diversity is a brand new diversity technique, which can solve the problem that it is difficult to install multiple antennas in a mobile terminal, so that communication terminals share each other's antennas in a certain manner to obtain diversity gain. The coding cooperation is the synthesis of channel coding and cooperation idea, and is a cooperation mode for improving diversity degree by sending redundant information by cooperation users. Most of the currently studied coding cooperation methods are based on BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) modulation methods, and the spectrum utilization rate is low, so that it is a problem to be solved at present to improve the spectrum resource utilization rate of the coding cooperation system.
The common coding cooperation method in the prior art is as follows:
a sending end user of the coding cooperation system divides source data into a plurality of data blocks, and each data block is added with a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code. Assuming that each data block contains K bits of information, then after each data block is encoded with an error correction code having a code rate R, each data block has N bits of information K/R. The two cooperative users divide the information transmission period of N bits into two stages, and each stage is called a frame. In the first frame, each user sends a code rate R1Codeword > R, the codeword containing N1＝K/R1And the information of the bits is modulated and mapped and then is simultaneously sent to the cooperative partner and the target user base station. If the user's collaboration partner can decode the received bit information correctly (as determined by the CRC), then each user sends the remaining N of the other partner in the second frame2＝N-N1Redundant bit information of (2). If the user's collaboration partner did not decode it correctly in the first frame, then each user will transmit its remaining N in the second frame2The bit, i.e. the uncooperative mode is shifted. So that each user transmits N-N in both frames1+N2Information of a bit.
A diagram of a common coding collaboration system (two-user) model in the prior art is shown in fig. 1. In the process of transmitting data in a first time slot, a user simultaneously transmits the data to a destination end and a cooperation partner of the user, and if the cooperation partner of the user can correctly decode the received data, the cooperation partner transmits the residual redundant bit information of the user in a second time slot. The coding cooperation system has high error rate and low reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to improve the spectrum resource utilization rate of the coding cooperation system, make up for the reliability reduction brought to the system by using the high-order modulation at the same time, reduce the bit error rate of the high-order modulation coding cooperation system, and improve the reliability of the system.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a high-order modulation coding cooperation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the sending end of the coding cooperation system codes the source data of each user in the first time slot, and then modulates and maps the source data and simultaneously transmits the modulated and mapped source data to the cooperation partner and the receiving end of each user;
s2, the collaboration partner decodes the received data;
s3, if the cooperation partner can correctly decode the received bit information, then after the second time slot cooperation partner re-encodes the decoded bit information, modulating the bit information by adopting a higher-order modulation mode than the modulation mode in the step S1, then mapping the bit information and transmitting the bit information to the receiving end;
and S4, iteratively decoding the user data transmitted by the two time slots at the receiving end.
Wherein, step S1 specifically includes:
s101, a sending end of a coding cooperation system divides source data of a user into a plurality of data blocks, a cyclic redundancy check code is added to each data block, and after the cyclic redundancy check code is added, each data block is assumed to contain K bits of information;
s102, in the first time slot, each user takes K bit information and code rate as R1Is encoded to generate a convolutional codeN1＝K/R1Information of bits, where N1Bit information itself including K bits and redundant bit information generated after encoding, N1And carrying out binary phase shift keying modulation on the bit information, then carrying out Gray (Gray) mapping, and simultaneously sending the information to the cooperative partner user and the receiving end.
Wherein, step S3 specifically includes:
s301, the cooperation partner decodes the decoded K bit information and the code rate R in the second time slot2Is re-encoded to produce N2＝K/R2Information of bits, where N2The bits comprise K bits of bit information and redundant bit information generated after coding;
s302, adding N2And carrying out eight-phase shift keying or 16-phase quadrature amplitude modulation on bit information, then carrying out Gray mapping and then sending to a receiving end.
Wherein, step S4 specifically includes:
s401, the receiving end firstly transmits N to the first time slot1The bit information is subjected to demapping and demodulation, the log-likelihood ratio of each bit is calculated, and then the calculated log-likelihood ratio is sent to a first decoder for decoding;
s402, N transmitted to the second time slot by the receiving end2And demapping and demodulating the bit information, calculating the log-likelihood ratio of each bit, sending the log-likelihood ratio to a second decoder for decoding, and judging by taking the output of the first decoder as the prior information of the second decoder.
After the decoding in step S2, the method further includes a step of checking whether the decoding is correct by using a cyclic redundancy check code.
Wherein the first decoder or the second decoder is a soft-input soft-output decoder.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention re-encodes the decoded data in the second time slot, so that the data transmitted in the second time slot not only includes the encoded redundant information, but also includes the bit information. Compared with the common coding cooperation method, the method also increases the data volume sent by the second time slot, thereby generating diversity gain for more data, making up the reliability reduction brought to the system by using high-order modulation to transmit data in the second time slot, improving the diversity gain of the high-order modulation coding cooperation system, reducing the error rate of the system and improving the reliability of the coding cooperation system. The method is suitable for a coding cooperation system with two users cooperating.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a prior art two-user code collaboration system model;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method of an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a model of a transmitting end of two user code cooperative systems by taking user 1 as an example;
FIG. 4 is a decoding model diagram of a receiving end;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of the bit error rate curves of the coding cooperation method of the two methods; the invention adopts 8PSK modulation mode to modulate;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of the bit error rate curves of the coding cooperation method of the two methods; the present invention adopts a 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) Modulation scheme for Modulation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 3 is a model diagram of a two-user coding cooperation system of the present invention, taking user 1 as an example, the specific implementation process is as follows:
s1, in the first time slot of coding cooperation, user 1 will contain the K bit information of the check code CRC and the code rate R1Is encoded to generate N1＝K/R1And the bit information is subjected to BPSK modulation and Gray mapping and then is simultaneously sent to a cooperation partner and a receiving end (namely a target base station).
S2, the cooperative partner decodes the received data, specifically, the cooperative partner de-maps and demodulates the received bit information and decodes the bit information, and then determines whether the received data is decoded correctly by verifying CRC.
S3, if the cooperation partner can decode correctly, then in the second time slot, the cooperation partner of user 1 will have K bit information and code rate R2Is re-encoded to produce N2＝K/R2Bit information, wherein N2The method comprises the steps of not only including redundant information generated after recoding, but also including K bit information, then carrying out 8PSK modulation or 16QAM modulation, and finally sending to a receiving end after Gray mapping.
And S4, the receiving end iteratively decodes the user data transmitted by the two time slots.
Fig. 4 is a decoding model diagram of a receiving end of a coding cooperation system, and the specific implementation steps are as follows: the receiving end firstly transmits N of the first time slot1The bit data is demapped and demodulated, the log-likelihood ratio of each bit is calculated, and the bit data is sent to a SISO (Soft In Soft Out) 1 decoder for decoding, and no judgment is made at this time. The receiving end also de-maps and demodulates the N2 bit data transmitted by the second time slot, calculates the log-likelihood ratio of each bit, sends the log-likelihood ratio to the SISO2 decoder for decoding, completes decoding by using the log-likelihood ratio output by the SISO1 decoder as prior information, and makes decision.
Since the conventional coding cooperative system shown in fig. 1 only transmits redundant information of data in the second time slot, the receiving end can transmit the ratio of two time slots when decodingAnd merging and decoding the special data. In the method of the invention, the information transmitted by two time slots is the coded information, including bit information and redundant information, therefore, the receiving end needs to decode twice, and the decoding soft information value of the data transmitted by the first time slot is used as the prior information value of the second time slot bit information decoding for decoding. When the receiving end performs demapping demodulation, it is necessary to calculate a log-likelihood ratio of each bit, where the log-likelihood ratio of a k (k ═ 1., m) th bit is LE(ak) The expression is shown as formula (1):
(1)
wherein,
m is a modulation mode, in the invention, M represents 8 or 16 in 8PSK or 16QAM modulation mode, a is a binary identification sequence, akDenotes the kth element in a, x (k, b) denotes the mapping id with the kth bit b (b equals 0 or 1), and σ denotes2Is Gaussian noise variance, r is the received signal vector, s is the transmitted signal vector corresponding to a, LA(ak) A priori information value representing the kth element in a, a[k]Indicating deletion of the kth element a in akThe sub-vectors of (1), superscript I, Q represent the real and imaginary parts, respectively, and superscript T represents the transpose operation.
Because the method of the invention not only transmits redundant information but also transmits bit information K at the second time slot, the method calculates K times more than the common coding cooperation method when the receiving end calculates the log likelihood ratio, and the scheme greatly improves the reliability and the effectiveness of the system under the condition of low complexity.
When two users of the coded cooperative system are fully cooperative, the performance of the system is mainly determined by the cooperative coefficient (i.e. the ratio of the transmission data of the second time slot to the sum of the data:
) The larger the cooperation coefficient is, the larger the data ratio transmitted by the second time slot is, more information can generate diversity gain, and the better the performance of the coding cooperation system is.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing bit error rate curves of the simulated BPSK modulation coding cooperation method and the 8PSK modulation coding cooperation method of the present invention. The simulation condition of the encoding cooperation method of BPSK modulation is that bit information K is 1000, and code rate
The mapping mode is Gray mapping, and the cooperation coefficient can be calculated
The simulation condition of the 8PSK modulation coding cooperation method is that K is 1000, and the first time slot coding code rate is
The second time slot has a coding rate ofThe mapping mode is Gray mapping, and the cooperation coefficient can be calculated
It can be seen that by increasing the data amount transmitted in the second time slot, the cooperative coefficient of the high-order modulation coding cooperative system is improved, so that more bit information generates diversity gain, thereby reducing the error rate of the system.
The spectrum utilization rate eta can be expressed by formula
Obtaining wherein R iscDenotes the coding rate, and M is the modulation scheme. The common coding cooperation method only uses the BPSK modulation mode, so the spectrum utilization rate can be calculated
In the coding cooperation method of the present invention, because the second time slot adopts a higher-order modulation mode, the second time slot needs to be calculated by a weighting method when calculating the spectrum utilization, and the formula is as follows:
wherein N is1And N2Respectively representing the number of bits transmitted in the first and second time slots, T1And T2Indicating the time interval between the first and second time slots for transmitting data, R1And R2Data coding rates, M, representing a first time slot and a second time slot, respectively1And M2Respectively representing the modulation modes used by the first time slot and the second time slot. According to the formula (2), the frequency spectrum utilization rate of the method of the invention can be calculated asThus, it is possible to provideCompared with the common coding cooperation method, the method of the invention can obtain higher frequency spectrum utilization rate.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing bit error rate curves of the simulated general coding cooperation method using BPSK modulation and the coding cooperation method using 16QAM modulation for the second slot of the present invention. The simulation condition of the BPSK modulation coding cooperation method is that the bit information K is 2000, and the code rate
The mapping mode is Gray mapping, and the cooperation coefficient can be calculated asThe simulation condition of the coding cooperation method of the second time slot adopting the 16QAM modulation mode is that K is 2000,
the mapping mode is Gray mapping, and the cooperation coefficient can be calculatedIn the same way, it can be seen that by increasing the amount of information transmitted in the second time slot, the performance of the high-order modulation coding cooperative system is improved, and the error rate of the system is reduced.
Similarly, the spectrum utilization rate of the coding cooperation method of the common BPSK modulation mode can be calculated through a spectrum utilization rate formula
The method of the invention adopts the coding cooperation system after the high-order modulation, and the frequency spectrum utilization rate is higher
In fig. 5 and 6, BER represents a bit error rate, and SNR represents a signal-to-noise ratio.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for high order modulation coding cooperation, comprising the steps of:
s1, the sending end of the coding cooperation system codes the source data of each user in the first time slot, and then modulates and maps the source data and simultaneously transmits the modulated and mapped source data to the cooperation partner and the receiving end of each user;
s2, the collaboration partner decodes the received data;
s3, if the cooperation partner can correctly decode the received bit information, then after the second time slot cooperation partner re-encodes the decoded bit information, modulating the bit information by adopting a higher-order modulation mode than the modulation mode in the step S1, then mapping the bit information and transmitting the bit information to the receiving end;
and S4, iteratively decoding the user data transmitted by the two time slots at the receiving end.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step S1 specifically includes:
s101, a sending end of a coding cooperation system divides source data of a user into a plurality of data blocks, a cyclic redundancy check code is added to each data block, and after the cyclic redundancy check code is added, each data block is assumed to contain K bits of information;
s102, in the first time slot, each user takes K bit information and code rate as R1Is encoded to generate N1＝K/R1Information of bits, where N1Bit information itself including K bits and redundant bit information generated after encoding, N1And carrying out Gray mapping after carrying out binary phase shift keying modulation on the bit information, and simultaneously sending the gray mapping to the cooperative partner user and the receiving end.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein step S3 specifically includes:
s301, the cooperation partner decodes the decoded K bit information and the code rate R in the second time slot2Is re-encoded to produce N2＝K/R2Information of bits, where N2The bits comprise K bits of bit information and redundant bit information generated after coding;
s302, adding N2And carrying out eight-phase shift keying or 16-phase quadrature amplitude modulation on bit information, then carrying out Gray mapping and then sending to a receiving end.
4. The method of cooperative higher-order modulation coding according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step S4 specifically comprises:
s401, the receiving end firstly transmits N to the first time slot1The bit information is subjected to demapping and demodulation, the log-likelihood ratio of each bit is calculated, and then the calculated log-likelihood ratio is sent to a first decoder for decoding;
s402, N transmitted to the second time slot by the receiving end2And demapping and demodulating the bit information, calculating the log-likelihood ratio of each bit, sending the log-likelihood ratio to a second decoder for decoding, and judging by taking the output of the first decoder as the prior information of the second decoder.
5. The cooperative method of higher order modulation coding according to claim 4, further comprising the step of checking whether the decoding is correct by using a cyclic redundancy check code after the decoding in step S2.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first decoder or the second decoder is a soft-input soft-output decoder.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107968701A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2018-04-27 | 高通股份有限公司 | Pilot tone for the modulation of the data of phase and gain detector |
| CN118820670A (en) * | 2024-09-18 | 2024-10-22 | 咸阳彩虹光伏玻璃有限公司 | A statistical method, device, equipment and medium for online products on a production line |
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| CN1849768A (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2006-10-18 | 沃达弗纳控股有限公司 | Method and system for using cooperative diversity in wireless relay circuits |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107968701A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2018-04-27 | 高通股份有限公司 | Pilot tone for the modulation of the data of phase and gain detector |
| CN107968701B (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2021-02-09 | 高通股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for data modulated pilot for phase and gain detector |
| CN118820670A (en) * | 2024-09-18 | 2024-10-22 | 咸阳彩虹光伏玻璃有限公司 | A statistical method, device, equipment and medium for online products on a production line |
| CN118820670B (en) * | 2024-09-18 | 2025-01-10 | 咸阳彩虹光伏玻璃有限公司 | A statistical method, device, equipment and medium for online products on a production line |
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