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CN102010532A - 一种温拌沥青混合料用橡塑合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种温拌沥青混合料用橡塑合金及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102010532A
CN102010532A CN2010105624111A CN201010562411A CN102010532A CN 102010532 A CN102010532 A CN 102010532A CN 2010105624111 A CN2010105624111 A CN 2010105624111A CN 201010562411 A CN201010562411 A CN 201010562411A CN 102010532 A CN102010532 A CN 102010532A
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傅轶
郑怀宇
谭颂斌
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Guangdong Silver Age Sci & Tech Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种温拌沥青混合料用橡塑合金及其制备方法。该温拌橡塑合金由塑料用量为5%-30%，胶粉用量为70%-95%。裂解蜡和橡胶油用量为塑料和胶粉总量的10%-50%的原料组成。其制备方法是将塑料、胶粉、裂解蜡和橡胶油按比例经单螺杆挤出机挤出、水冷模面切粒设备造粒制得。其用途是将橡塑合金投入到沥青混合料拌和设备中与热矿料拌和，再由沥青泵泵送液态基质沥青至拌合锅得到性能优良的温拌橡塑合金改性沥青混合料。该温拌橡塑合金应用于沥青混合料改性，达到湿法橡塑沥青对混合料的改性效果，温拌橡塑合金生产过程简单，能耗低、可连续生产，使用时直接投放、克服了橡胶沥青湿法工艺中耗能高和烟气污染等问题。

Description

一种温拌沥青混合料用橡塑合金及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于橡塑合金技术领域，具体涉及一种温拌沥青混合料用橡塑合金及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑料（如聚乙烯）改性沥青可显著提高沥青路面的抗车辙耐高温性能，胶粉改性沥青可显著提高沥青路面的抗开裂性能。如果将塑料改性沥青和胶粉改性沥青结合起来制备合金则能综合提高路面的抗车辙和抗开裂能力。目前塑料和胶粉应用于沥青路面的技术主要分为湿法和干法两大类，湿法是将塑料和胶粉与热沥青高温拌和，制备成橡塑改性沥青后再与集料混合，干法是将塑料或胶粉作为一种改性剂与其他石料一起投入拌合锅中搅拌制备成混合料。
在湿法生产过程中，橡塑材料能够在高温条件下与沥青充分作用而成为沥青胶结料的一部分，提高基质沥青的粘度，在混合料中可起到粘结作用。但湿法工艺过程复杂，耗时长、耗能高、烟气污染大、资金设备要求高，并且生产中要严格控制剪切搅拌时间，以防止过度降解。湿法所得改性沥青较基质沥青粘度会大幅提高、混合料中油石比也会相应提高。同时湿法工艺中要获得性能稳定的橡塑沥青，对胶粉类型也有一定的选择性，例如多选用含天然胶含量较高（占轮胎所用橡胶的60%以上）的大车胎胶粉。这些都为湿法工艺的发展带来的障碍，影响其进一步的利用；现有的干法工艺虽然具有低污染、易施工的特点，但制备的混合料不能提高基质沥青的粘度，进而对路面的抗车辙耐高温性能以及抗开裂性能效果不明显。
温拌沥青（140℃左右）具有比传统热拌沥青（170℃左右）混合料加工和摊铺温度低的优点，可大大节约能源和减少污染排放引起人们的广泛关注。而橡塑改性沥青的高的加工温度急需一种温拌技术来解决，使之既能改善现有技术中湿法工艺存在的工艺复杂、耗时长、耗能高、烟气污染大的缺陷，降低热拌沥青的温度，又能在使用中获得湿法工艺达到的改性效果，还具备干法工艺的低污染、易施工的特点，因此非常需要一种具有高流动性的橡塑合金。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于混拌沥青混合料的橡塑合金及其制备方法，该橡塑合金能够利用普通的回收塑料和回收的小车胎胶粉，在道路铺设中对沥青路面的抗车辙耐高温性能以及抗开裂性能有明显提高。本发明的制备方法简单易行、生产过程污染小、原材料来源广、可连续生产。所得温拌橡塑合金中胶粉分散均匀、粒径明显减小、低温分散快、在混合料生产时可直接投放使用。
实现本发明的技术方案是：一种温拌橡塑合金，它由聚乙烯塑料、胶粉和包括裂解蜡和橡胶油的添加剂组成，其中按重量百分比，塑料用量为5%-30%，胶粉用量为70%-95%；裂解蜡和橡胶油用量为塑料和胶粉总量的10%-50%，其中，裂解蜡和橡胶油的比例为3:1。其制备方法是将塑料和胶粉和裂解蜡和橡胶油按比例依次加入单螺杆挤出机中，经挤出机的高温混炼熔融后挤出、再经水冷模面切粒设备造粒制得。其用途是将橡塑合金粒子投入到沥青混合料拌和设备中与热矿料干法混拌5-30秒，热矿料为含有粗集料、细集料、矿粉等用于道路铺设料的混合物。
其中，上述的聚乙烯塑料为回收的聚乙烯塑料，包括 LDPE(低密度聚乙烯)塑料和HDPE(高密度聚乙烯)塑料。
上述胶粉为废旧轮胎制得的橡胶粉，废轮胎为合成胶含量较高的小车胎。所选胶粉粒径为10-60目，胶粉技术指标符合《硫化橡胶粉GB/T19208-2008》。
    作为添加剂的裂解蜡为交联聚乙烯电缆料在400~480℃下裂解的蜡，熔点为100-110℃。所述橡胶油为橡胶工业常用芳烃油。回收塑料、胶粉、裂解蜡和橡胶油按比例依次加入单螺杆挤出机，经单螺杆挤出机充分混炼熔融后挤出、然后经水冷模面设备造粒制得，粒子尺寸小于4mm，熔融指数大于3.0g/10min（190℃，2.16kg）。加工挤出温度为熔融段温度为150-260℃，模头温度为70-120℃，后经水冷模面切粒设备造粒；使用时将制得的橡塑合金粒子投入到沥青混合料拌搅设备中与热矿料(140-160oC)拌合5-30秒，再由沥青泵泵送液态基质沥青至拌合锅，拌合20-90秒，得到复合改性沥青混合料。
本发明理论依据主要是：胶粉在高温剪切作用下部分交联网络被破坏，塑料对其进行隔离，胶粉因此得到进一步细化，裂解蜡和橡胶油进一步融合，促进胶粉参与混炼，提高温拌橡塑合金使用时的分散性，使得低温条件下能够较快分散。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：
1)本发明制得的温拌橡塑合金，是一种含有胶粉、塑料和裂解蜡及橡胶油的混合物。通过混炼和挤出过程中的强剪切作用，原有的胶粉粒子粒径减小，结构疏松，胶粉已经在裂解蜡和橡胶油的作用下产生预溶胀，在混合料拌合时，达到理想改性效果的时间明显降低，可采用干法工艺生产使用。
2）本发明中的废旧塑料、裂解蜡和橡胶油参与温拌橡塑合金制备，所得温拌橡塑合金密度可与基质沥青相近，使用时减少离析，提高稳定性。
3）本发明所用原材料，除橡胶油外均为废旧高分子材料，变废为宝且添加量大，混合料性能良好。
4）本发明制备的温拌橡塑合金，改性效果与湿法橡胶沥青相当，相比之下，工艺简单，设备资金投入低、可连续生产、运输方便、储存稳定，易推广使用。在道路铺设施工中，具有很好的经济效益社会效益。
以下结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将回收的低密度聚乙烯2kg、60目小车胎回收胶粉7kg、裂解蜡3kg和橡胶油1kg，依次加入单螺杆挤出机中，经单螺杆挤出机熔融混炼后挤出，熔融段温度180℃，再经模头温度70℃的水冷模面切粒设备造粒，得到温拌橡塑合金1号。然后将所得温拌橡塑合金粒子投入到有140℃~150℃热矿料的拌合机中干法拌合15秒，再加入基质沥青拌合20秒，得到温拌橡塑合金改性沥青混合料。
实施例2
将回收的高密度聚乙烯2kg、10目小车胎回收胶粉8kg，裂解蜡3kg和橡胶油1kg，依次加入单螺杆挤出机中，经单螺杆挤出机熔融混炼后挤出，熔融段温度260℃，再经模头温度120℃的水冷模面切粒设备造粒，得到温拌橡塑合金2号。然后将所得温拌橡塑合金粒子投入到有150℃~160℃热矿料的拌合机中干法拌合30秒，再加入基质沥青拌合80秒，得到温拌橡塑合金改性沥青混合料。
实施例3
取回收的按任意比例混合的高密度聚乙烯和低密度聚乙烯共1kg、60目小车胎回收胶粉9kg、裂解蜡3kg和橡胶油1kg，依次加入单螺杆挤出机中，经单螺杆挤出机熔融混炼后挤出，熔融段温度230℃，再经模头温度100℃的水冷模面切粒设备造粒，得到温拌橡塑合金3号。然后将所得温拌橡塑合金粒子投入到有140℃~150℃热矿料的拌合机中干法拌合20秒，再加入基质沥青拌合50秒，得到温拌橡塑合金改性沥青混合料。
1）              所制备温拌橡塑合金性能比较
温拌橡塑合金经注射成标准力学性能样条进行测试，具体比较指标见下表1。熔融指数是按照《热塑性塑料熔体流动速率的标准测试方法ASTM D1238》进行测试。
表1 温拌橡塑合金的流动性能
Figure 61925DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。
2）              混合料性能对比
将温拌橡塑合金1、2、3号与镇海70#沥青进行常规马歇尔性能、高温稳定性能及低温开裂性能的对比试验，具体结果见下表2~表4。
其中，检测项目定义及检测过程按照交通部行业标准《公路沥青路面施工技术规范JTG F40-2004》执行。
表2 马歇尔试验检测指标
 
Figure 497586DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
。
表3   水稳定性检测指标
 
Figure 206916DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
。
表4   车辙动稳定度检测指标
Figure 531456DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
。

Claims (6)

1.一种温拌沥青混合料用橡塑合金，其特征在于：它由聚乙烯塑料、胶粉、裂解蜡和橡胶油组成，按重量百分比计，聚乙烯塑料用量为5-30%，胶粉用量为70-95%，裂解蜡和橡胶油用量之和为聚乙烯塑料和胶粉总重量的10-50%，其中，裂解蜡和橡胶油的比例为3：1；该橡塑合金可直接投放到混合料中温拌得到改性沥青混合料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种温拌沥青混合料用橡塑合金，其特征在于：所述聚乙烯塑料为回收的低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯，及任意比例混合的高、低密度聚乙烯的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种温拌沥青混合料用橡塑合金，其特征在于：所述胶粉为合成胶含量高的回收小车胎，经常规磨粉制备的胶粉，胶粉粒径为10-60目，胶粉技术指标符合《硫化橡胶粉GB/T19208-2008》。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种温拌沥青混合料用橡塑合金，其特征在于：所述裂解蜡为交联聚乙烯电缆料在400~480℃下裂解的蜡，熔点为100-110℃，所述橡胶油为橡胶工业常用的芳烃油。
5.一种权利要求1所述的温拌沥青混合料用橡塑合金的制备方法，其特征在于：将回收塑料、胶粉、裂解蜡和橡胶油按比例依次加入单螺杆挤出机中，经挤出机的高温混炼熔融后挤出、再经水冷模面切粒设备造粒制得，粒子尺寸小于4mm，熔融指数大于3.0g/10min。
6.根据权利要求5所述的温拌橡塑合金制备方法，其特征在于：加工挤出温度为熔融段温度150-260℃，模头温度70-120℃。
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