CN102000482A - System and method for controlling oxynitride removal - Google Patents
System and method for controlling oxynitride removal Download PDFInfo
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- CN102000482A CN102000482A CN 201010545351 CN201010545351A CN102000482A CN 102000482 A CN102000482 A CN 102000482A CN 201010545351 CN201010545351 CN 201010545351 CN 201010545351 A CN201010545351 A CN 201010545351A CN 102000482 A CN102000482 A CN 102000482A
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 280
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 107
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RVRCFVVLDHTFFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptasodium;tungsten;nonatriacontahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W].[W] RVRCFVVLDHTFFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for optimally controlling ammonia denitration, which are characterized in that according to the content of oxynitride which is detected by an oxynitride sensor at the inlet of a reactor and fed into the reactor, the content of oxynitride which is detected by the oxynitride sensor at the outlet of the reactor and discharged from the reactor, and the continuous online measuring value of the oxynitride at the outlet of the reactor and the escaped ammonia amount detected by an ammonia sensor at the outlet of the reactor, the ammonia-injected amount is calculated according a transfer function; the control system has positive and negative feedback correction effects on feedforward loops, and monitors the continuous online measuring value of the oxynitride, thereby ensuring the implementation of meeting the qualified oxynitride discharge index; the control system is provided with two lag time functions so as to overcome the effect of time lag, eliminate the fluctuations of the oxynitride content and ammonia-injected amount at the outlet of the reactor; and meanwhile, the control system is also provided with an ammonia escape detection sensor for preventing the escape of ammonia.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to control system and method that a kind of nitrogen oxide is removed, particularly relate to and adopt selective catalytic reduction (SCR), SNCR method (SNCR) or SNCR and SCR combination method (SNCR-SCR) to carry out control system and method that nitrogen oxide is removed.
[background technology]
China is to be the developing country of main energy sources with coal, the electric power energy of country is mainly provided by the thermal power plant of burning coal, and the coal that is directly used in burning every year reaches more than 1,200,000,000 tons, gives off a large amount of pollutants behind the coal burning, as SO2, SO3 (common name SOX, sulfide); NO, NO2 (common name NOX, nitrogen oxide, industrial being commonly called as " nitre "); Nitrogen oxide, brings outside the irreversible consequence soil and aquatic ecosystem except causing acid rain with other compounds the pollution of atmospheric environment, also since the generation of their participation photochemical fogs be subject to people's attention.Along with new environmental regulation comes into force successively in the whole world, the strictness day by day of China environmental protection rules and the increasing of law enforcement dynamics, more and more stricter to the limit value standard of the highest permission concentration of emission of nitrogen oxide.
The method (being also referred to as the denitration control technology) of the removal row discharging nitrogen oxide of thermal power plant generally has burning control denitration and denitrating flue gas etc.Burning control denitration be the amount of nitrogen oxides itself that produces behind the coal burning just seldom, so discharge capacity is seldom, this method is the one preferred technique of coal-burning power plant's nitrogen oxide reduction of discharging.And denitration method for flue gas is that discharged flue gas can have a large amount of nitrogen oxide after the coal burning, by the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is handled, makes the content of nitrogen oxide of the flue gas that finally gives off controlled.
The mode of burning control denitration is to use the electricity generation boiler of low nitrogen burning technology, makes the amount of nitrogen oxides itself that produces behind the coal burning with regard to seldom.But existing low nitrogen burning technology discharged nitrous oxides concentration when using bituminous coal and brown coal is lower.But limited for the unit nitrogen oxide control effect that uses anthracite or meager coal, can not control the discharging of nitrogen oxide fully, nitrous oxides concentration or total amount can not reach discharge standard or total emission volumn requirement, still need to build the denitrating flue gas facility.
Gas denitrifying technology mainly comprises: selective catalytic reduction (SCR), SNCR method (SNCR), SNCR and SCR combination method (SNCR-SCR), liquid absorption method, microbial method, active carbon adsorption, electronic beam method etc.Wherein, first three methods is the present industrial method of widespread usage in the world, and other method seldom has the example of industrial applications.
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR), SNCR method (SNCR), SNCR are similar to the denitration principles of chemistry of these three kinds of methods of SCR combination method (SNCR-SCR).Mainly be by allowing the flue gas that contains nitrogen oxide by reacting, finally producing the nitrogen G﹠W that does not have to pollute and reach the effect of discharging nonnitrogenous oxide in the flue gas with ammonia.
For the technology that adopts the SCR method to carry out denitration, its chemical reaction is:
4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O (1)
6NO+4NH3→5N2+6H2O (2)
2NO2+8NH3+O2→3N2+6H2O (3)
For the technology that adopts the SNCR method to carry out denitration, its chemical reaction is:
4NO+4NH3→4N2+6H2O (4)
6NO2+8NH3→7N2+12H2O (5)
Because temperature is bigger to adopting the SNCR method to carry out the influence of reduction reaction of denitration.When temperature was higher than 1100 ℃, the removal efficiency of NOx was owing to the thermal decomposition of ammonia reduces; When temperature was lower than below 800 ℃, the reaction rate of NH3 descended, and reduction reaction is carried out insufficiently, and the NOx removal efficiency descends, and the escaped quantity of ammonia may also increase simultaneously.Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) be use in the world at most at present, the most ripe and the most fruitful a kind of gas denitrifying technology.Since states such as Europe in 1986, Japan use the SCR technology, at present by the extensive use of institute of developed countries such as Europe, the United States, day.This technology denitration efficiency generally can reach 80%～90%, and discharged nitrous oxides concentration can be reduced to about 100mg/m3; In the denitrating flue gas engineering that China has built up or planned to build, adopt the SCR method mostly.
According to formula (1)-(5) of front as can be seen, carry out denitration by the method for SCR method and SNCR method or The combined, all need reducing agent ammonia (NH3), the consumption of ammonia is the key of above-mentioned reaction.In denitrating system, the practicality amount of ammonia is the key factor that guarantees system optimized operation, denitration efficiency and avoid secondary pollution (ammonia is overflowed or the escape amount).The consumption of ammonia is crossed the major general and is caused denitration to reduce; Thereby the consumption of ammonia is too high will to be caused amount of ammonia slip to increase causing secondary pollution.
At present more extensive in the research of carrying out aspect the mobile source vehicle exhaust denitration control.For example United States Patent (USP) 4963332 is used the measured value of the NOx of SCR reactor upstream and downstream, and ammonia nitrogen was adjusted by the concentration of downstream NOx than (being equivalent to ammonia spraying amount).United States Patent (USP) 4751054 adopts ammoniacal sensor applications similar method to regulate ammonia spraying amount.United States Patent (USP) 5522218 utilizes the FEEDFORWARD CONTROL logic to control ammonia spraying amount, but its method is the ammonia spraying amount that utilizes table lookup default.United States Patent (USP) 5628186 then is to use feedback, and the consumption of ammonia is adjusted the absorption of reducing agent and desorption rate by the catalyst wall.These researchs all are the control that denitration is carried out at the mobile source vehicle exhaust, difficultly use in large-scale stationary source denitration technologies such as thermal power plant.
The system block diagram of existing typical stationary source SCR denitration control system as shown in Figure 1, existing denitration control system mainly is the denitration efficiency η according to the content NOx_out computing system of the nitrogen oxide of the amount of nitrogen oxides NOx_in of the import of SCR reactor and outlet
SCR., computing formula is:
η
SCR＝(NOx_out-NOx_in)/NOx_in*100％
Then according to the denitration efficiency η of the system that calculates
SCR. compare with predefined denitration efficiency, when reaching predefined denitration efficiency, then adjust end,, then adjust ammonia spraying amount if the efficient of denitration does not reach predefined efficient.Existing this control system, be to control according to the efficient of denitration, spray ammonia (NH3) amount is to determine jointly by the feedback control loop of the nitrogen oxide emission NOx_out of outlet with by the preceding feedback controller at the amount of nitrogen oxides NOx_in place of SCR import department, although this control logic can guarantee the denitration efficiency of SCR system, but because only control the efficient of denitration, and the efficient of denitration is not only relevant with the nitrogen oxide NOx _ out that discharges, also relevant with the amount of nitrogen oxides NOx_in of SCR import, the nitrogen oxide NOx that may export _ out content is also defective, but whole efficiency also can reach predefined efficient, therefore this control logic can not guarantee to discharge the NOx value NOx_out of qualified SCR outlet, nor can guarantee that amount of ammonia slip is in a certain scope.And the employing that system time lags behind will produce a very large impact control validity.Therefore be necessary to improve the existing SCR control system.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of control system of removing nitrogen oxide, it can overcome influence time lag, eliminate reactor outlet nitrogen oxide and ammonia spraying amount in the operating fluctuation of reaction, and can avoid ammonia to overflow, guarantee to reach qualified discharged nitrous oxides index.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of control method of removing nitrogen oxide, it can overcome influence time lag, eliminate reactor outlet nitrogen oxide and ammonia spraying amount in the operating fluctuation of reaction, and can avoid ammonia to overflow, guarantee to reach qualified discharged nitrous oxides index.
For reaching aforementioned purpose, a kind of control system of removing nitrogen oxide of the present invention, it comprises:
Reactor; Be used to provide reacting environment;
The NOx sensor at Reactor inlet place is used to detect the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor;
The NOx sensor of reactor exit is used to detect the amount of nitrogen oxides from the emission of reactor discharge;
The ammoniacal sensor of reactor exit is used to detect the discharge capacity of discharging ammonia from reactor;
Computation processor, the data message of gathering according to the ammoniacal sensor of reactor exit calculates the continuous on-line measurement value of the nitrogen oxide of reactor exit, and the emission intensity amount that the ammoniacal sensor of the continuous on-line measurement value of the nitrogen oxide in the amount of nitrogen oxides of the emission that detects of the NOx sensor of the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor that detects according to the NOx sensor at Reactor inlet place, reactor exit, previous reaction device exit and reactor exit detects is calculated ammonia spraying amount according to transfer function;
Spray ammonia controller is controlled spurting of ammonia according to the ammonia spraying amount that computation processor calculates.
Further, aforementioned transfer function comprises: the preceding present that the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor that detects according to the NOx sensor at Reactor inlet place calculates is with function and FEEDFORWARD CONTROL function; The interior ring controller function that the nitrogen oxide measured value in the exit that is recorded by the NOx sensor of reactor exit calculates by interior ring controller C_in; The outer ring controller C_out function of forming according to the continuous on-line measurement value preset value of the nitrogen oxide of the continuous on-line measurement value of the nitrogen oxide of reactor exit and reactor exit; And the ammonia feedback function of the content of the ammonia that detects according to the ammoniacal sensor of reactor exit.
Further, aforementioned interior ring controller C_in is ratio (propotional)-differential (derivative) controller, can be expressed as: C_in (s)=KP_in+KD_in*s, KP_in, KD_in are interior chain rate example, the yield value of micro component, s is Laplce's variable, is obtained by simulated test.
Further, aforementioned outer ring controller C_out is a ratio (propotional)-integration (integral)-differential (derivative) controller, can be expressed as: C_out (s)=KP_out+KI_out/s+KD_out*s, KP_out, KI_out, KD_out are the outer shroud ratio, integration, the yield value of micro component, s is Laplce's variable, is obtained by simulated test.
Further, aforementioned transfer function also comprise two time lag function, one in aforementioned before the ring controller C_in function, one outside aforementioned before the ring controller C_out function, its functional form is e-sT, time factor T is decided by system model simulation, can use Simulink and calculate.
Further, described transfer function is used to small part and is obtained through overtesting according to the probability statistics model of setting up under the particular reactor system.
Further, described system also comprises a warning device, if system can not reach control range, warning device will send early warning signal.
For reaching aforementioned purpose, a kind of method of removing the control system of nitrogen oxide of the present invention, it comprises:
Detect the content of the nitrogen oxide that enters reactor in real time by the import NOx sensor that is arranged on the reactor inlet place;
Calculate the quantity of needs spray ammonia according to transfer function default in the computation processor by computation processor;
Computation processor is controlled the quantity of spraying ammonia by spray ammonia controller after calculating ammonia spraying amount;
The flue gas that boiler is discharged carries out catalytic reduction reaction with the ammonia of spray ammonia controller ejection in reactor;
Set one period lag time, the content of nitrogen oxide of the outlet of actual measurement reactor feeds back to computation processor with the content of the nitrogen oxide of the outlet of the reactor that measures as feedback information;
Reaction efficiency according to the cubage reactor of the nitrogen oxide of the outlet of the content of the detected nitrogen oxide that enters reactor of the import NOx sensor of previous reaction device import department and reactor;
Set one period system lag time, calculate the continuous on-line measurement value of the amount of nitrogen oxides of outlet after a period of time at system stable operation;
The continuous on-line measurement predetermined value of nitrogen oxide of desiring to reach emission request of reading pre-set, the continuous on-line measurement value of the nitrous oxides concentration content of reactor outlet and the predefined continuous on-line measurement predetermined value of nitrogen oxide of desiring to reach emission request are compared, when continuous on-line measurement value when desiring to reach the measurement predetermined value of emission request, represent that then current ammonia spraying amount meets the requirements, adjust and finish; When continuous on-line measurement value when desiring to reach the measurement predetermined value of emission request, recomputate a new value of feedback and feed back to computation processor;
Ammoniacal sensor by reactor outlet detects the escape amount of ammonia, and the escape amount of ammonia is fed back to computation processor;
The emission intensity amount that the new value of feedback of the continuous on-line measurement value of the amount of nitrogen oxides of the emission that the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor that computation processor detects according to the NOx sensor at Reactor inlet place, the NOx sensor of reactor exit detect, the nitrogen oxide in previous reaction device exit and the ammoniacal sensor of reactor exit detect recomputates ammonia spraying amount according to aforementioned transfer function, and the ammonia spraying amount control ammonia that calculates according to computation processor by spray ammonia controller spurt quantity.
Further, default transfer function comprises in the aforementioned computation processor: the preceding present that the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor that detects according to the NOx sensor at Reactor inlet place calculates is with function and FEEDFORWARD CONTROL function; The interior ring controller function that the nitrogen oxide measured value in the exit that is recorded by the NOx sensor of reactor exit calculates by interior ring controller C_in; The ammonia feedback function of the content of outer ring controller C_out function of forming according to the continuous on-line measurement value preset value of the nitrogen oxide of the continuous on-line measurement value of the nitrogen oxide of reactor exit and reactor exit and the ammonia that detects according to the ammoniacal sensor of reactor exit.
Further, aforementioned interior ring controller C_in is ratio (propotional)-differential (derivative) controller, can be expressed as: C_in (s)=KP_in+KD_in*s, KP_in, KD_in are interior chain rate example, the yield value of micro component, s is Laplce's variable, is obtained by simulated test.
Further, aforementioned outer ring controller C_out is a ratio (propotional)-integration (integral)-differential (derivative) controller, can be expressed as: C_out (s)=KP_out+KI_out/s+KD_out*s, KP_out, KI_out, KD_out are the outer shroud ratio, integration, the yield value of micro component, s is Laplce's variable, is obtained by simulated test.
Further, in the computation processor default function also comprise two time lag function, one in aforementioned before the ring controller C_in function, one outside aforementioned before the ring controller C_out function, its functional form is e-sT, time factor T decides by system model simulation, can use Simulink and calculate.
Further, default function to small part use obtains through overtesting according to the probability statistics model of setting up under the particular reactor system in the described computation processor.
Further, described method also comprises if system can not reach control range, will send early warning signal by warning device.
Removal nitrogen oxide control system of the present invention and method thereof, than traditional, conventional control system, control system of the present invention is according to the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor of the NOx sensor detection at Reactor inlet place, the amount of ammonia slip that the amount of nitrogen oxides that the reactor that the NOx sensor of reactor exit detects is discharged and the continuous on-line measurement value of nitrogen oxide of reactor outlet and reactor exit ammoniacal sensor detect is calculated ammonia spraying amount according to transfer function, this control system just has feedforward loop circuit, the negative-feedback debugging functions, and the continuous on-line measurement value of monitoring nitrogen oxide, can guarantee the discharged nitrous oxides index that reaches qualified, this control system be provided with two lag time function, influence time lag be can overcome, outlet nitrogen oxide and ammonia spraying amount eliminated in the operating fluctuation of reactor; Be provided with ammonia effusion detecting sensor simultaneously, can avoid ammonia to overflow.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the simulation block diagram of existing SCR control system.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention adopts SCR to carry out the structural representation of the optimal control system of ammonia-denitration.
Fig. 3 is the control flow chart of system shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 4 is the transfer function schematic diagram of SCR control system of the present invention.
[specific embodiment]
Alleged herein " embodiment " or " embodiment " are meant special characteristic, structure or the characteristic that can be contained at least one implementation of the present invention.Different in this manual local " in one embodiment " that occur not are all to refer to same embodiment, neither be independent or optionally mutually exclusive with other embodiment embodiment.In addition, represent the sequence of unit in method, flow chart or the functional block diagram of one or more embodiment and revocablely refer to any particular order, also be not construed as limiting the invention.
In one embodiment of the invention, denitration control system of the present invention is to be applied in the coal-burning power plant, and the flue gas that contains nitrogen oxide that the burning boiler of this coal-burning power plant gives off gives off the flue gas that reaches qualified discharged nitrous oxides standard after handling through denitration control system of the present invention.
See also shown in Figure 2ly, denitration control system of the present invention comprises the SCR reactor 202 that is connected with the burning boiler 201 of power plant, the pressure that is provided with at the gas approach place of SCR reactor 202, temperature sensor 203, import NOx sensor 204 (import NOx sensor), pressure, temperature sensor 205, outlet NOx sensor 206 (outlet NOx sensor) and ammoniacal sensor 207 (NH3 sensor), the computation processor 208 that is provided with at the smoke outlet of SCR reactor 202 and the spray ammonia controller of being controlled by computation processor 208 209.To tell about the effect of each unit one by one below.
SCR reactor 202 provides flue gas and ammonia carries out the place that SCR reacts, the boiler 201 of coal-burning power plant produces emission gases, this emission gases is the flue gas that contains nitrogen oxide, this discharged flue gas is delivered to SCR reactor 202, in SCR reactor 202, react with ammonia, concrete reaction formula can may be wherein several formula with reference to aforementioned formula (1)-(5), also may be whole formula.Through producing the nitrogen G﹠W after the reaction, then reach the purpose of discharged flue gas being removed nitrogen oxide (being industrial " denitration " that is commonly called as).Will consider two factors when design SCR reactor 202, one is the air speed of reactor, allows the high more expression catalyst activity of air speed higher, and the device disposal ability is big more.But air speed can not infinitely improve.For given device, inlet amount increases hourly space velocity and increases, and air speed means that greatly the raw material by catalyst is many in the unit interval, and the time of staying of raw material on catalyst is short, and reaction depth is shallow.On the contrary, air speed means that for a short time the reaction time is long, and reducing air speed is favourable for the conversion ratio that improves reaction.But lower air speed means that the catalyst amounts that needs is more under the situation of same treatment amount, and reactor volume is bigger, is irrational economically.So the selection of industrial air speed will comprehensively be determined according to each side such as the investment of installing, activity of such catalysts, feedstock property, product requirements.Another one should make the interior gas flowfield of reactor be evenly distributed as far as possible.
Pressure, the temperature sensor 203 that SCR reactor 202 porch are provided with is used to gather the pressure and temperature of the flue gas that gives off from burning boiler 201, be provided with pressure, temperature sensor 205 equally in the exit of SCR reactor 202, be used to gather the pressure and temperature of the emission gases of coming out from SCR reactor 202.Because the pressure and temperature of gas can influence the reaction of carrying out in the SCR reactor 202, therefore when control, need monitor this pressure and temperature so that regulate.
The import NOx sensor 204 that SCR reactor 202 porch are provided with is used to detect the content NOx_in of the nitrogen oxide that enters the SCR reactor.
The outlet NOx sensor 206 that SCR reactor 202 exits are provided with is used for detecting the content NOx_out through the discharge gas nitrogen oxide after 202 reactions of SCR reactor.
Because the reaction of in SCR reactor 202, carrying out, may there be the incomplete situation of reaction, the situation of the escape of ammonia can occurs, therefore, be provided with an ammoniacal sensor 207 in the exit of SCR reactor 202, be used for detecting the escape amount NH3_slip of ammonia in the SCR reactor 202.
The content NOx_out of contained nitrogen oxide calculates the continuous on-line measurement value NOx_CEM that discharges gas in the outlet NOx sensor 206 detected discharge gases of described computation processor 208 according to the setting of aforementioned SCR reactor 202 exits, and the pressure that is provided with according to SCR reactor 202 porch, the gas pressure and the temperature of temperature sensor 203 monitorings, the pressure that the SCR reactor exit is provided with, gas pressure and temperature that temperature sensor detects, the content NOx_in of the nitrogen oxide that contains in the air inlet that the import NOx sensor 204 that SCR reactor 202 porch are provided with detects, the content NOx_out of contained nitrogen oxide in the outlet NOx sensor 206 detected discharge gases that SCR reactor 202 exits are provided with, discharge these parameters of amount of ammonia slip NH3_slip of the continuous on-line measurement value NOx_CEM of gas and ammoniacal sensor 207 detections that the SCR reactor exit is provided with, calculate by a transfer function (hereinafter say in detail and tell about), determine the amount of the ammonia that needs in the SCR reactor 202.
If system still can not reach control range through adjusting repeatedly, computation processor 208 will be exported an early warning signal, report to the police by warning device (not shown).
See also shown in Figure 3ly, it shows the control method flow chart of system of the present invention.The control method of control system of the present invention comprises the steps: as shown in the figure
S1: the content NOx_in that detects the nitrogen oxide that enters the SCR reactor by the import NOx sensor that is arranged on SCR reactor inlet place in real time.
S2: the quantity of calculating needs spray ammonia by computation processor according to transfer function default in the computation processor, because when the initial work of whole system, reaction in the SCR reactor does not also begin, the feedback information of various SCR reactor exits all is 0, for example the content NOx_out of nitrogen oxide is 0 in ammoniacal sensor amount of ammonia slip that detects and the discharge gas that exports the detection of NOx sensor, computation processor is according to the pressure sensor of SCR porch, temperature sensor and import NOx sensor detect the content NOx_in of the nitrogen oxide that enters the SCR reactor in real time, calculate an ammonia spraying amount according to the transfer function that computation processor inside prestores.
S3: computation processor is controlled the quantity of spraying ammonia by spray ammonia controller after calculating ammonia spraying amount.
S4: the flue gas that boiler is discharged carries out catalytic reduction reaction with the ammonia of spray ammonia controller ejection in the SCR reactor.
S5: set one period lag time, be set one period lag time be because below need to measure the SCR reactor the parameter of each data of outlet as feedback information, and the SCR reactor need react a period of time.
S6: the content NOx_out of the nitrogen oxide of the outlet of actual measurement SCR reactor.The content NOx_out of the nitrogen oxide of the outlet of the SCR reactor that measures is fed back to computation processor as feedback information.
S7:, calculate the reaction efficiency of SCR reactor according to the content NOx_out of the nitrogen oxide of the outlet of the content NOx_in of the detected nitrogen oxide that enters reactor of the import NOx sensor at aforementioned SCR Reactor inlet place and SCR reactor.
S8: set one period system lag time, it is because will calculate the continuous on-line measurement value NOx_CEM of the amount of nitrogen oxides of outlet at system stable operation after a period of time that this system time hysteresis function is set.
S9:, obtain the continuous on-line measurement value NOx_CEM of the nitrous oxides concentration content of SCR outlet through integral and calculating mean value according to the online actual measurement NOx concentration of a period of time by the online actual measurement of the outlet NOx sensor NOx concentration of SCR outlet.
S10: the continuous on-line measurement predetermined value of the nitrogen oxide NOx_sp that desires to reach emission request of reading pre-set.
S11: the continuous on-line measurement value NOx_CEM of the nitrous oxides concentration content of SCR outlet and the predefined continuous on-line measurement predetermined value of the nitrogen oxide NOx_sp that desires to reach emission request are compared, when continuous on-line measurement value NOx_CEM when desiring to reach the measurement predetermined value NOx_sp of emission request, represent that then current ammonia spraying amount meets the requirements, do not need to regulate.
S12: when continuous on-line measurement value NOx_CEM when desiring to reach the measurement predetermined value NOx_sp of emission request, the gas of expression discharging does not reach requirement, recomputate a new value of feedback and feed back to computation processor this moment.
S13: the ammoniacal sensor by the SCR reactor outlet detects the escape amount of ammonia, and the escape amount of ammonia is fed back to computation processor.
Aforementioned feedback parameter all feeds back to computation processor, then re-executes step S2: the emission intensity amount that the new value of feedback of the continuous on-line measurement value of the amount of nitrogen oxides of the emission that the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor that computation processor detects according to the NOx sensor of previous reaction device import department, the NOx sensor of reactor exit detect, the nitrogen oxide in previous reaction device exit and the ammoniacal sensor of reactor exit detect recomputates ammonia spraying amount according to aforementioned transfer function.
Computation processor is controlled the quantity of spurting of ammonia by spraying the ammonia controller after calculating the ammonia spraying amount that makes new advances.(not shown) circulates execution in step S3 then to step S13, adjusts during less than the measurement predetermined value NOx_sp that desires to reach emission request up to the continuous on-line measurement value of nitrogen oxide NOx_CEM and finishes.
If system still can not reach control range through adjusting repeatedly, computation processor can be by a warning device output early warning signal (not shown).
As shown in Figure 4, the transfer function that prestores in the computation processor in aforementioned control system and the control method comprises:
Import NOx feedforward function: the feedforward amount is presented with function f (x) and FEEDFORWARD CONTROL function formation before one; The FEEDFORWARD CONTROL function is simple differentiation element control C_feed;
SCR function time lag, its functional form are e-sT, time factor T is decided by system model simulation, for example can use Simulink and calculate;
The content NOx_out feedback function of the nitrogen oxide of the outlet of reactor, the content NOx_out of nitrogen oxide feeds back to computation processor by interior ring controller C_in, C_in is ratio (propotional)-differential (derivative) (brief note is PD) controller, can be expressed as: C_in (s)=KP_in+KD_in*s, KP_in, KD_in are interior chain rate example, the yield value of micro component, s is Laplce's variable, is obtained by simulated test;
System time hysteresis function, its functional form are e-sT, time factor T is decided by system model simulation, for example can use Simulink and calculate;
Continuous on-line measurement value NOx_CEM feedback function, the preset value NOx_sp of NOx_CEM feedback and NOx_CEM forms outer ring controller C_out and feeds back to computation processor, C_out is a ratio (propotional)-integration (integral)-differential (derivative) (brief note is PID) controller, can be expressed as: C_out (s)=KP_out+KI_out/s+KD_out*s, KP_out, KI_out, KD_out is the outer shroud ratio, integration, the yield value of micro component, s is Laplce's variable, is obtained by simulated test;
The escaping of ammonia feedback function detects the escape amount of ammonia and sets an ammonia feedback function according to the ammoniacal sensor of SCR reactor outlet.
" interior ring " and " outer shroud " in the wherein aforementioned transfer function are meant this function relative position in the present embodiment, the content NOx_out feedback function that does not limit nitrogen oxide must be interior ring control, and on-line measurement value NOx_CEM feedback function must be outer shroud control continuously.
Functional relation at least a portion of aforementioned The whole control system is to use the probability statistics model set up under specific SCR system to draw through overtesting.
Control system of the present invention and method thereof are according to the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor of the NOx sensor detection at Reactor inlet place, the amount of ammonia slip that the amount of nitrogen oxides that the reactor that the NOx sensor of reactor exit detects is discharged and the continuous on-line measurement value of nitrogen oxide of reactor outlet and reactor exit ammoniacal sensor detect is calculated ammonia spraying amount according to aforementioned transfer function, this control system just has feedforward loop circuit, the negative-feedback debugging functions, and the continuous on-line measurement value of monitoring nitrogen oxide, can guarantee the discharged nitrous oxides index that reaches qualified, this control system be provided with two lag time function, influence time lag be can overcome, outlet nitrogen oxide and ammonia spraying amount eliminated in the operating fluctuation of reactor; Be provided with ammonia effusion detecting sensor simultaneously, can avoid ammonia to overflow.
The optimal control system and method for the ammonia-denitration that the present invention relates to because the denitration principles of chemistry of these three kinds of methods of SCR, SNCR and SNCR-SCR are similar, has only been enumerated the system and method that adopts SCR to carry out the optimal control of ammonia-denitration among the embodiment.Control system of the present invention and method all are applicable to the optimal control of adopting selective catalytic reduction (SCR), SNCR method (SNCR), SNCR and these three kinds of methods of SCR combination method (SNCR-SCR) to carry out ammonia-denitration.
Above-mentioned explanation has fully disclosed the specific embodiment of the present invention.It is pointed out that and be familiar with the scope that any change that the person skilled in art does the specific embodiment of the present invention does not all break away from claims of the present invention.Correspondingly, the scope of claim of the present invention also is not limited only to previous embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. control system of removing nitrogen oxide, it comprises:
Reactor; Be used to provide reacting environment;
The NOx sensor at Reactor inlet place is used to detect the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor;
The NOx sensor of reactor exit is used to detect the amount of nitrogen oxides from the emission of reactor discharge;
The ammoniacal sensor of reactor exit is used to detect the discharge capacity of discharging ammonia from reactor;
Computation processor, the data message of gathering according to the ammoniacal sensor of reactor exit calculates the continuous on-line measurement value of the nitrogen oxide of reactor exit, and the emission intensity amount that the ammoniacal sensor of the continuous on-line measurement value of the nitrogen oxide in the amount of nitrogen oxides of the emission that detects of the NOx sensor of the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor that detects according to the NOx sensor at Reactor inlet place, reactor exit, previous reaction device exit and reactor exit detects is calculated ammonia spraying amount according to transfer function;
Spray ammonia controller is controlled spurting of ammonia according to the ammonia spraying amount that computation processor calculates.
2. removal nitrogen oxide control system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: aforementioned transfer function comprises: the preceding present that the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor that detects according to the NOx sensor at Reactor inlet place calculates is with function and FEEDFORWARD CONTROL function; The interior ring controller function that the nitrogen oxide measured value in the exit that is recorded by the NOx sensor of reactor exit calculates by interior ring controller C_in; The outer ring controller C_out function of forming according to the continuous on-line measurement value preset value of the nitrogen oxide of the continuous on-line measurement value of the nitrogen oxide of reactor exit and reactor exit; And the ammonia feedback function of the content of the ammonia that detects according to the ammoniacal sensor of reactor exit.
3. removal nitrogen oxide control system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: ring controller C_in is ratio (propotional)-differential (derivative) controller in aforementioned, can be expressed as: C_in (s)=KP_in+KD_in*s, KP_in, KD_in is interior chain rate example, the yield value of micro component, s is Laplce's variable, is obtained by simulated test; Aforementioned outer ring controller C_out is a ratio (propotional)-integration (integral)-differential (derivative) controller, can be expressed as: C_out (s)=KP_out+KI_out/s+KD_out*s, KP_out, KI_out, KD_out is the outer shroud ratio, integration, the yield value of micro component, s is Laplce's variable, is obtained by simulated test; Aforementioned transfer function also comprise two time lag function, one in aforementioned before the ring controller C_in function, one outside aforementioned before the ring controller C_out function, its functional form is e-sT, time factor T decides by system model simulation, can use Simulink and calculate.
4. removal nitrogen oxide control system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described transfer function is used to small part and is obtained through overtesting according to the probability statistics model of setting up under the particular reactor system.
5. removal nitrogen oxide control system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described system also comprises a warning device, if system can not reach control range, warning device will send early warning signal.
6. method of removing the control system of nitrogen oxide, it comprises:
Detect the content of the nitrogen oxide that enters reactor in real time by the import NOx sensor that is arranged on the reactor inlet place;
Calculate the quantity of needs spray ammonia according to transfer function default in the computation processor by computation processor;
Computation processor is controlled the quantity of spraying ammonia by spray ammonia controller after calculating ammonia spraying amount;
The flue gas that boiler is discharged carries out catalytic reduction reaction with the ammonia of spray ammonia controller ejection in reactor;
Set one period lag time, the content of nitrogen oxide of the outlet of actual measurement reactor feeds back to computation processor with the content of the nitrogen oxide of the outlet of the reactor that measures as feedback information;
Reaction efficiency according to the cubage reactor of the nitrogen oxide of the outlet of the content of the detected nitrogen oxide that enters reactor of the import NOx sensor of previous reaction device import department and reactor;
Set one period system lag time, calculate the continuous on-line measurement value of the amount of nitrogen oxides of outlet after a period of time at system stable operation;
The continuous on-line measurement predetermined value of nitrogen oxide of desiring to reach emission request of reading pre-set, the continuous on-line measurement value of the nitrous oxides concentration content of reactor outlet and the predefined continuous on-line measurement predetermined value of nitrogen oxide of desiring to reach emission request are compared, when continuous on-line measurement value when desiring to reach the measurement predetermined value of emission request, represent that then current ammonia spraying amount meets the requirements, adjust and finish; When continuous on-line measurement value when desiring to reach the measurement predetermined value of emission request, recomputate a new value of feedback and feed back to computation processor;
Ammoniacal sensor by reactor outlet detects the escape amount of ammonia, and the escape amount of ammonia is fed back to computation processor;
The emission intensity amount that the new value of feedback of the continuous on-line measurement value of the amount of nitrogen oxides of the emission that the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor that computation processor detects according to the NOx sensor at Reactor inlet place, the NOx sensor of reactor exit detect, the nitrogen oxide in previous reaction device exit and the ammoniacal sensor of reactor exit detect recomputates ammonia spraying amount according to aforementioned transfer function, and the ammonia spraying amount control ammonia that calculates according to computation processor by spray ammonia controller spurt quantity.
7. the method for the control system of removal nitrogen oxide as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: transfer function default in the aforementioned computation processor comprises: the preceding present that the amount of nitrogen oxides that enters reactor that detects according to the NOx sensor at Reactor inlet place calculates is with function and FEEDFORWARD CONTROL function; The interior ring controller function that the nitrogen oxide measured value in the exit that is recorded by the NOx sensor of reactor exit calculates by interior ring controller C_in; The ammonia feedback function of the content of outer ring controller C_out function of forming according to the continuous on-line measurement value preset value of the nitrogen oxide of the continuous on-line measurement value of the nitrogen oxide of reactor exit and reactor exit and the ammonia that detects according to the ammoniacal sensor of reactor exit.
8. the method for the control system of removal nitrogen oxide as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: ring controller C_in is ratio (propotional)-differential (derivative) controller in aforementioned, can be expressed as: C_in (s)=KP_in+KD_in*s, KP_in, KD_in is interior chain rate example, the yield value of micro component, s is Laplce's variable, is obtained by simulated test; Aforementioned outer ring controller C_out is a ratio (propotional)-integration (integral)-differential (derivative) controller, can be expressed as: C_out (s)=KP_out+KI_out/s+KD_out*s, KP_out, KI_out, KD_out is the outer shroud ratio, integration, the yield value of micro component, s is Laplce's variable, is obtained by simulated test; In the computation processor default function also comprise two time lag function, one in aforementioned before the ring controller C_in function, one outside aforementioned before the ring controller C_out function, its functional form is e-sT, time factor T decides by system model simulation, can use Simulink and calculate.
9. the method for the control system of removal nitrogen oxide as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: default function uses to small part and obtains through overtesting according to the probability statistics model of setting up under the particular reactor system in the described computation processor.
10. the method for the control system of removal nitrogen oxide as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described method also comprises if system can not reach control range, will send early warning signal by warning device.
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