CN101988880B - Metal breaking tester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a crushing test machine, especially a test machine for studying the mechanism of metal crushing, which consists of six parts, including a frame, a main shaft device, a pendulum device, a clutch device, a power lifting device and a test piece clamping device. The metal crushing test machine is mainly used to study the brittle fracture performance of metal materials under different impact energy, different shapes of hammer heads, different clamping methods, different impact positions, and different thicknesses of metal specimens, and then to study the metal crushing mechanism. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, safety and reliability, flexible action and convenient operation.

Description

metal crushing test machine

technical field

The invention relates to a testing machine, in particular to a testing machine for studying the crushing mechanism of light and thin metal materials. the

Background technique

With the rapid growth of the national economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, automobiles and large household appliances have become people's daily necessities. While their renewal speed is accelerating, a large number of scrapped cars and large household appliances have also been produced. Today, when resources are extremely consumed and increasingly scarce, it is of great significance to do a good job in the recycling and recycling of scrapped cars and scrapped large household appliances for environmental protection, energy conservation and sustainable economic development. However, at present, the recycling of scrap metal from scrapped cars is generally done manually in my country, which has problems such as high labor intensity, low operation efficiency, and serious pollution to the environment. In order to meet the recycling needs of scrapped automobiles and scrapped large household appliances, improve the degree of mechanization of recycling and optimize the recycling and processing methods of scrap metal, it is necessary to study the crushing mechanism and performance of light and thin metal materials predictably. the

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a testing machine for studying the mechanism of metal crushing. This testing machine is mainly used to study the brittle fracture performance of metal materials under different impact energy, different shapes of hammer heads, different clamping methods, different impact positions, and different thicknesses of metal specimens, and then to study the metal crushing mechanism. the

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: the metal crushing testing machine is composed of six parts: frame part (1), main shaft device (2), clutch device (3), power lifting device (4), pendulum The hammer device (5) and the specimen clamping device (6) are characterized in that:

Frame part (1) is made of base (11) and frame (12);

The main shaft device (2) is composed of a main shaft (25), a shaft encoder (21), a brake (22) and an indexing control device (24) installed on the main shaft (25), and the main shaft (25) passes through a pair of bearings (251 ) is installed in the hole of the frame (121) and the upper hook of the frame (122);

The clutch device (3) is composed of a jaw clutch (31), a transition bracket (32), a fork (33) and a control handle (34). The half clutch (311) is installed on the main shaft (25), with a ring groove half The clutch (312) is installed on the outer spline of the shaft (421) through the inner spline, the transition bracket (32) connects the reducer (42) to the frame (122), and the fork (33) is installed on the guide rod ( 321), the control handle (34) is connected to the transition bracket (32) through the slide block (342) and pin shaft (341);

The power lifting device (4) is composed of a motor (41), a reducer (42) and a support frame (43), and the reducer (42) is connected with the half clutch with ring groove (312) through the shaft (421);

The pendulum device (5) is composed of a pendulum (51), a hammer body (52) and a hammer head (53). The pendulum (51) is connected to the main shaft (25) through a bushing with a spline hole at the upper end, and Rectangular connecting plate is connected with hammer body (52); Hammer head (53) is fixed on connecting plate (532) with bolt (531), and connecting plate (532) is installed on the hammer body (52) by bolt (533);

The specimen clamping device (6) is composed of a clamping seat (61), a clamping block (62), a pin (63) and a screw (64), and the clamping block (62) is composed of a fixed wedge (622) and a movable wedge block (621); the clamping seat (61) is fixed on the frame (12) by bolts (611), and the clamping seat (61) can move up and down along the frame (12); the movable wedge block (621) can move along The ramp of the fixed wedge (622) moves. the

The indexing control device (24) is composed of an indexing plate (241), an indexing plate cover (242) and a claw (243); the indexing plate (241) is set on the main shaft (25) through its inner spline. On the external spline of the outer spline, there are multiple indexing grooves on it, corresponding to different pendulum elevation angles respectively. The indexing plate cover (242) is set outside the indexing plate (241), and there is a single toothing groove and The ring groove connects the index plate (241) and the index plate cover (242) as a whole through the positioning bolt (2421) and the ring groove. The claw (243) is installed on the top of the upper hook of the frame (121). (25) Rotation drives indexing plate (241) and indexing plate cover (242) to rotate, and claw (243) keeps the pendulum in the air by a single tooth groove on the indexing plate (242). the

The heads of the frame (121) and the frame (122) are hook-shaped, and the top of the hook head of the frame (121) is provided with a hinge seat for installing the claw (243);

The clamping seat (61) and the corresponding position of the fixed wedge (622) of the specimen clamping device (6) are provided with pin holes, and the movable wedge (621) and the fixed wedge (622) are limited by the pin (63). 622), the movable wedge (621) is also provided with two waist-shaped grooves, and two threaded holes are provided at the corresponding position of the bottom of the clamping seat (61), and the movable wedge (62) is adjusted by the screw (64). 621) and the relative position of the fixed wedge (622) to clamp the specimen. the

The hammer head (53) of the pendulum device (5) is fixed on the connecting plate (532) by bolts (531), and the connecting plate (532) is installed on the hammer body (52) by bolts (533), so Hammer heads of different shapes can be replaced. the

A shaft encoder (21) and a brake (22) are arranged on the main shaft device (2). the

The metal crushing testing machine of the present invention is composed of six parts, including a frame, a spindle device, a pendulum device, a clutch device, a power lifting device and a specimen clamping device, wherein: the frame part is composed of a base and two frames ;

The main shaft device includes the main shaft and the brake, encoder and indexing control device installed on the main shaft. The main shaft is installed in the hole of the upper hook head of the two frames through a pair of bearings. The brake quickly stops the pendulum after impacting the test piece through an electromagnetic braking torque. The encoder is used to detect the angle of the hammer movement so as to calculate the test piece. The energy obtained; the indexing control device is installed on the main shaft section between the two frames, and is composed of an indexing plate, an indexing plate cover and claws, wherein the indexing plate is provided with a plurality of indexing tooth grooves , respectively corresponding to different pendulum elevation angles, the index plate cover is set outside the index plate, and there is a single tooth groove and ring groove on it, and the index plate and the index plate cover are connected as a whole through the positioning bolts and the ring groove , the claws are installed on the top of the hook on the upper part of the rack. During the test, align the tooth grooves of the index plate cover with the single tooth grooves of the index plate, and fix them with bolts so that the teeth of the claws can be flexibly embedded in the tooth grooves of the index plate. Operate the handle of the claws to make the claws The teeth of the index plate contact with the outer circular surface of the index plate cover. The rotation of the main shaft drives the index plate and the index plate cover to rotate. Under the action, it is embedded in the tooth groove of the index plate and the index plate cover, so that the lifting motor is blocked, and its power supply is cut off at the same time, and the pendulum stops at the set elevation angle. the

The pendulum device is composed of a pendulum, a hammer body and a hammer head. The pendulum rod is connected to the main shaft through a shaft sleeve with a spline hole at the upper end, and connected to the hammer body through a rectangular connecting plate at the lower end. , so that it is convenient to study the crushing mechanism and performance of metal materials;

The clutch device for controlling the lifting and lowering of the pendulum consists of two half clutches, a transition bracket, a fork and a control handle. One half clutch is installed on the main shaft, the other half clutch with ring groove is installed on the outer spline of the output shaft of the reducer through the inner spline, the transition bracket connects the reducer to the frame, and the fork is installed on the guide rod. The operating handle is connected to the transition bracket through the slider and the pin shaft, and the fork is manipulated through the handle to make the half clutch with ring groove slide back and forth, thereby realizing the coupling and disengagement of the two half clutches. the

The power lifting device includes a motor, a reducer and a support frame, and the device is connected with the main shaft of the testing machine through a clutch. the

The specimen clamping device includes a pair of clamping seats and two sets of clamping blocks. Each set of clamping blocks consists of a fixed wedge block and a movable wedge block. The clamping seat is fixed on the frame splint by bolts. The holder can move up and down along the splint to adjust the clamping position of the specimen, which is convenient for studying the crushing mechanism and performance of the metal specimen under different impact energy conditions. The movable wedge can move along the slope of the fixed wedge to clamp different Metal specimens with different thicknesses, and then study the crushing mechanism and performance of metal specimens with different thicknesses;

Advantages and beneficial effects of the metal crushing testing machine of the present invention:

In the above technical scheme, the movable wedge of the clamping device of the testing machine can move along the slope of the fixed wedge, so as to adjust the relative gap between the movable wedge and the clamping surface of the test piece, fix metal test pieces of different thicknesses, and realize different Experimental research on thickness recycled metal;

The clamping seat of the clamping device of the testing machine can move up and down along the frame to adjust the fixed height of the test piece, and then realize the crushing mechanism and performance research of the metal test piece under different impact energy conditions;

The indexing and fixing device of the testing machine adjusts the alignment of the tooth grooves of the indexing plate cover and the different toothings on the indexing plate to set different pendulum lift angles, and then realizes that the pendulum impacts the metal test piece from different heights, that is, different Impact test;

The connecting plate transition connection is used between the hammer body and the hammer head, so that the hammer head with different characteristics can be easily replaced, and then the metal test piece can be broken with the hammer head with different characteristics. the

Description of drawings

The substantive content of the present invention will be further described below with examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the content of the present invention is not limited thereto. the

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the metal crushing test machine;

Figure 2-1 is the front view of the metal crushing test machine;

Figure 2-2 is the left view of the metal crushing test machine;

Fig. 3 is the exploded view of the main shaft device 2 of the metal crushing testing machine;

Fig. 4 is the exploded view of clutch device 3 of metal crushing testing machine;

Fig. 5 is the explosion diagram of pendulum device 5 of metal crushing testing machine;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of clamping device 6 in the metal crushing testing machine;

Fig. 7-1 shows the state of the clamping device 6 shown in Fig. 6 clamping a thin metal test piece. the

Fig. 7-2 shows the state of the clamping device 6 shown in Fig. 6 clamping a thick metal test piece. the

The labeling of each figure is explained as follows:

1-Rack device 11-Base 12-Rack group 121-Rack 122-Rack

2-Spindle device 21-Shaft encoder 22-Brake 23-Bearing gland 24-Index control device 241-Index plate 242-Index plate cover 2421-Location bolt 243-Claw 2431-Index hand; 25-Spindle 251-Bearing 252-Location sleeve

3-clutch device 31-clutch 311-half clutch 312-half clutch 32-transition bracket 321-guide rod 33-fork 331-pin 34-handle 341-pin 342-slider

4-Power Lifting Device 41-Electric Motor 42-Reducer 421-Shaft

5- Pendulum device 51- Pendulum rod 511- Bolt 512- Pin 52- Hammer body 521- Pin 53- Hammer head 531- Bolt 532- Connecting plate 533- Bolt

6-clamping device 61-clamping seat 611-bolt 62-clamping block 621-movable wedge fast 622-fixed wedge 63-pin 64-screw

7-Metal test piece

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the metal crushing tester of the present invention is composed of six parts,

(I) frame device 1, as Fig. 1, comprises base 11, the frame 121 and frame 122 that are installed in parallel on base 11, is provided with clamping seat splint 1211 on the frame, is convenient to the test piece clamping device fixed;

(II) The main shaft device 2, as shown in Figure 3, the main shaft 25 is installed in the hole of the frame 121 and the upper hook head of the frame 122 through a pair of bearings 251, and a bearing gland 23 is installed on the shaft section near the end face of the frame 121, In order to quickly stop the pendulum after the impact, a brake 22 is installed on the end of the main shaft close to the frame 121, and a shaft encoder 21 for detecting the movement angle of the breaking hammer is installed at the end. The main shaft between the two frames An indexing control device 24 is installed on the section, and the indexing control device 24 is composed of an indexing plate 241, an indexing plate cover 242 and a claw 243, wherein the indexing plate 241 is provided with a plurality of indexing tooth grooves, Corresponding to different pendulum elevation angles, the index plate cover 242 is set outside the index plate 241, and a single tooth groove is arranged on it, and the claw 243 is installed at the hinge support at the top of the hook head on the upper part of the frame 121. During the test, align the tooth groove of the index plate cover 242 with a tooth groove on the index plate 241, and fix it with the positioning bolt 2421, so that the teeth of the claw 243 are on the outer surface of the index plate cover 242 when the pendulum rises. Sliding upwards, the rotation of the main shaft drives the indexing plate 241 and the indexing plate cover 242 to rotate. When the tooth grooves of the indexing plate 241 and the indexing plate cover 242 turn to the top and align with the teeth of the claws 243, the claws will move under the force of the spring. Under the action of the index plate 241 and the tooth groove of the index plate cover 242, to prevent the main shaft 25 from rotating, the pendulum stops at the set elevation angle, when the tooth groove of the index plate cover 242 and the index plate 241 When the different tooth grooves coincide, the pendulum can rise to different elevation angles;

(Ⅲ) clutch device 3, as Fig. 5, comprises the half-clutch 311 that is connected on the main shaft 25 close to frame 122 one end, is connected on the belt ring groove half-clutch 312 on the output shaft 421 of speed reducer 42, transition bracket 32. The transition bracket 32 connects the speed reducer 42 to the frame 122 . The transition bracket 32 is provided with a pair of parallel guide rods 321 , and the fork 33 can slide back and forth on the guide rods 321 . One end of the fork 33 is embedded in the ring groove of the half clutch 312, and the other end is connected to the joystick 34 through the pin shaft 331, and the joystick 34 is connected to the transition bracket 32 through the slider 342 and the pin shaft 341, and can rotate around the pin shaft 341 . When the operating handle 34 is operated, the shift fork 33 is driven to slide back and forth on the guide rod 321, thereby controlling the clutch of the two half-clutches 31;

(Ⅳ) The power lifting device 4, as shown in Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-1, includes a motor 41, a reducer 42 and a support frame 43 installed on the base for supporting the motor 41 and the reducer 42;

(V) Pendulum device 5, as shown in Figure 4, is made of fork 51, hammer body 52 and tup 53, and the end of fork 51 with the inner spline hole is connected with the outer spline on the main shaft 25, through The positioning sleeve 252 is used to realize axial positioning. One end of the swing rod 51 with a rectangular connecting plate is connected with the hammer body 52 through a bolt 511 and a pin 512. The hammer head 53 is fixed on the connecting plate 532 with a bolt 531, and the connecting plate 532 is connected by a bolt 531. 533 and pin 521 are installed on the hammer body 52, and the hammer head part can be easily replaced to suit different test research

(Ⅵ) Specimen clamping device 6, as shown in Figure 6, is provided with a pair of clamping seats 61 that can move up and down along the frame 12 in order to test different impact energy. Loosen the bolts 611, and the clamping seats 61 can move along The splint 121 on the frame moves up and down, and the clamping seat 61 can be fixed on the frame by tightening the bolt 611; in order to study the crushing process of recycled metals with different thicknesses, the wedge-shaped structure is used to realize the clamping and clamping of metal samples with different thicknesses. Tight, set for this purpose by fixed wedge block 622, movable wedge block 621 to form clamping block 62. When clamping the test piece, the movable wedge 621 moves up and down along the slope of the fixed wedge 622; in order to fix the positioning of the wedge 622, holes are specially drilled at the corresponding positions of the wedge 622 and the clamping seat 61, and the pin 63 is used to restrict and fix the specimen. The lateral movement of the wedge block 622 determines the relative position of the movable wedge block 621 and the fixed wedge block 622 by tightening the screw rod 64, so as to realize the clamping of the specimen. As shown in Figure 7, Figure 7-1 is the case of clamping a thinner metal test piece, and Figure 7-2 is the case of clamping a thicker metal test piece. A clamping surface is formed between the clamping seat 61 and the movable wedge 621 for fixing the sample. the

Example:

In the initial state, the pendulum 51 is in a vertically drooping state, the zero-degree mark of the index plate 241 is aligned with the tooth groove of the index plate cover 242, and the clutch 31 is in a disengaged state. the

Clamp the test piece: adjust the predetermined position of the clamping seat 61 on the frame splint 121, fix the clamping seat 61 on the frame splint 121 through the bolt 611; fix the movable wedge 621 through the screw 64 to clamp the metal test piece 7;. the

Swing: Rotate the indexing plate cover 242 to align the tooth grooves with the predetermined angles on the indexing plate 241, tighten the positioning bolts 2421, so that the relative position of the indexing plate 241 and the indexing plate cover 242 is fixed ; Move the operating handle 34 of the clutch 31 to make the clutch 31 in the engaged state; start the motor 41, the main shaft 25 drives the index plate 241, the index plate cover 242, the pendulum and the clutch 31 to rotate synchronously, and the teeth of the claw 243 Relatively slide along the outer circular surface of the index plate cover 242 . the

Stopping: When the pendulum rotates to the preset elevation angle, the tooth grooves of the index plate 241 and the index plate cover 242 are just aligned with the teeth on the claw 243, and the claws are inserted into the teeth of the index plate cover 242 under the spring force In the groove, the main shaft 25 stops rotating, and the electric motor 41 is due to overload, and the electric current increases, and the electric motor 41 stops rotating, and the pendulum stops rising. At this time, the pendulum is fixed at the preset position. the

Impact: Press down the handle of the claw 243, so that the teeth of the claw 243 are lifted from the tooth grooves of the index plate 241 and the index plate cover 242. At this time, the pendulum falls under the action of its own weight and impacts the test piece, as shown in the figure 3. the

Back pendulum: the pendulum finally returns to the initial position under the action of the motor 41 . the

Finally, loosen the screw 64 and pin 63 on the clamping device, take out the test piece, analyze the test results, and the experiment is over. the

Claims (5)

1. A metal crushing test machine, consisting of six parts: frame part (1), main shaft device (2), clutch device (3), power lifting device (4), pendulum device (5) and test piece The clamping device (6) is characterized in that: The frame part (1) is composed of a base (11) and a first frame (12); The main shaft device (2) is composed of a main shaft (25), a shaft encoder (21), a brake (22) and an indexing control device (24) installed on the main shaft (25), and the main shaft (25) passes through a pair of bearings (251 ) is installed in the holes of the upper hooks of the second frame (121) and the third frame (122); The clutch device (3) is composed of a jaw clutch (31), a transition bracket (32), a fork (33) and a control handle (34). The half clutch (311) is installed on the main shaft (25), with a ring groove half The clutch (312) is installed on the outer spline of the shaft (421) through the inner spline, the transition bracket (32) connects the reducer (42) to the third frame (122), and the fork (33) is installed on the guide On the rod (321), the control handle (34) is connected to the transition bracket (32) through the slider (342) and the pin shaft (341): The power lifting device (4) is composed of a motor (41), a speed reducer (42) and a support frame (43), and the speed reducer (42) is connected with the half clutch with ring groove (312) through the shaft (421); The pendulum device (5) is composed of a pendulum (51), a hammer body (52) and a hammer head (53). The pendulum (51) is connected to the main shaft (25) through a bushing with a spline hole at the upper end, and The rectangular connecting plate is connected with the hammer body (52); the hammer head (53) is fixed on the connecting plate (532) with the first bolt (531), and the connecting plate (532) is installed on the hammer body (52) by the second bolt (533). superior; The specimen clamping device (6) is composed of a clamping seat (61), a clamping block (62), a pin (63) and a screw (64), and the clamping block (62) is composed of a fixed wedge (622) and a movable wedge block (621); the clamping seat (61) is fixed on the first frame (12) by the third bolt (611), and the clamping seat (61) can move up and down along the first frame (12); the movable wedge The block (621) can move along the slope of the fixed wedge block (622); The indexing control device (24) is composed of an indexing plate (241), an indexing plate cover (242) and a claw (243); the indexing plate (241) is set on the main shaft (25) through its inner spline. On the external spline of the outer spline, there are multiple indexing grooves on it, corresponding to different pendulum elevation angles respectively. The indexing plate cover (242) is set outside the indexing plate (241), and there is a single toothing groove and The ring groove connects the index plate (241) and the index plate cover (242) as a whole through the positioning bolt (2421) and the ring groove, and the claw (243) is installed on the top of the upper hook head of the first frame (121) , the main shaft (25) rotates to drive the index plate (241) and the index plate cover (242) to rotate, and the claw (243) keeps the pendulum in the air through the single tooth groove on the index plate (242). 2. The metal crushing testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the heads of the second frame (121) and the third frame (122) are hook-shaped, and the hooks of the second frame (121) are The top of the head is provided with a hinge seat for installing claws (243). 3. The metal crushing testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that pin holes are provided at corresponding positions on the clamping seat (61) and the fixed wedge (622) of the test piece clamping device (6), The lateral movement of the movable wedge (621) and the fixed wedge (622) is limited by the pin (63). There are also two waist-shaped grooves on the movable wedge (621), and the corresponding positions at the bottom of the clamping seat (61) are set Two threaded holes are provided, and the relative positions of the movable wedge (621) and the fixed wedge (622) are adjusted by the screw (64) to clamp the specimen. 4. The metal crushing testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the hammer head (53) of the pendulum device (5) is fixed on the connecting plate (532) by the first bolt (531), and the connecting plate (532) is installed on the hammer body (52) by second bolt (533) again, therefore the tup of different shapes can be replaced. 5. The metal crushing testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a shaft encoder (21) and a brake (22) are arranged on the said main shaft device (2).

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