CN101976987B - Industrial afterheat semiconductor power generation method and device using heat carrier as heating medium - Google Patents
Industrial afterheat semiconductor power generation method and device using heat carrier as heating medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以热载体为热媒的工业余热半导体发电方法及装置，利用导热油作为回收利用余热的工质，包含锅炉烟道及烟道内、外设备及其连接管道，烟道内依次设有至少一个导热油加热器、至少一个相变换热器，相变换热器包含蒸发器和冷凝器，其中冷凝器采用间接换热方式利用导热油作为冷却介质冷却蒸汽，将导热油加热后送入导热油加热器继续回收烟气余热，经导热油加热器加热后的导热油进入半导体温差发电装置进行发电，出来的导热油加热锅炉给水、空气，锅炉给水、热空气回收热量后供系统利用，冷却后进入发电模块相变换热器冷凝器，回收半导体发电模块冷端面热量后，经油气分离器分离出气体，从高位膨胀槽排出，液态导热油可循环使用。
The invention discloses an industrial waste heat semiconductor power generation method and device using a heat carrier as a heat medium, using heat conduction oil as a working medium for recycling waste heat, including a boiler flue, internal and external equipment in the flue, and connecting pipes. There is at least one heat transfer oil heater and at least one phase change heat exchanger. The phase change heat exchanger includes an evaporator and a condenser, wherein the condenser uses heat transfer oil as a cooling medium to cool steam and heat the heat transfer oil by using indirect heat exchange. After that, it is sent to the heat conduction oil heater to continue to recover the waste heat of the flue gas. The heat conduction oil heated by the heat conduction oil heater enters the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation device for power generation. The heat conduction oil heats the boiler feed water and air, and the boiler feed water and hot air recover heat and supply System utilization, after cooling, it enters the condenser of the phase-change heat exchanger of the power generation module. After recovering the heat from the cold end surface of the semiconductor power generation module, the gas is separated by the oil-gas separator and discharged from the high-level expansion tank. The liquid heat transfer oil can be recycled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of is the industrial exhaust heat semiconductor electricity-generating method and the device of heating agent with heat carrier such as conduction oil, belongs to the industrial afterheat recovery field.
Background technology
Contain great amount of heat in the discharged flue gas such as utility boiler, industrial boiler, industrial furnace; Be typically provided with waste-heat recovery device such as economizer and air preheater etc.; The absorption portion fume afterheat; But exhaust gas temperature is usually at 140 ℃～160 ℃ or higher, than the stove exhaust gas temperature of low capacity even higher.Because the existence of sulfide in the flue gas; The exhanst gas outlet temperature of air preheater back-end surfaces is restricted; Exhaust gas temperature is crossed the low wall surface temperature of heating surface that can cause and is lower than flue gas acid dew point and serious dewing corrosion and stifled ash even perforation take place, and this is to continue to utilize fume afterheat, reduce the difficult problem that exhaust gas temperature must be faced.
Phase-change heat-exchanger can utilize waste heat, reduce exhaust gas temperature significantly in the prerequisite recover of keeping low wall surface temperature; And exhaust gas temperature is controlled at only high about 15 ℃ than lowermost wall surface temperature; Usually in the time of can controlling 100 ℃ of wall temperatures, about 115 ℃ of exhaust gas temperatures.But in practical application, also must handle thermally equilibrated restriction well, just might reach the effect of not only avoiding dewfall but also reducing exhaust gas temperature.Be controlled at about 130 ℃ in the prerequisite down smoke-discharging temperature of dewfall not in the practical operation and be advisable.This is proved by the successful implementation of this Lip river of poplar professor's phase-change heat-exchanger technology.
The device flow process that ZL200710046604.X provides a kind of residual heat from boiler fume to reclaim, this technology main application fields is a utility boiler.This technology is the good method that a kind of boiler afterheat reclaims.But; What this waste heat recovery flow process produced is low-grade low pressure steam, and if the steam that produces use as supplying outward, this The Application of Technology promptly receives very big restriction; Usually only can be through increasing air preheater or feed water preheater recovery section fume afterheat; The exhaust gas temperature of boiler is still higher, and energy dissipation is still bigger, does not meet energy-conservation requirement.
It is the industrial exhaust heat semiconductor temperature difference generator generation technology of heat transfer medium with the conduction oil that ZL200910183368.5 discloses a kind of, as shown in Figure 1, is designated among the figure: the 1-heat exchanger; The 2-semiconductor temperature difference generator, 3-oil storage tank, 4-thermostat; The 5-oil transfer pump; The 6-heat conducting oil pipe, 7-cooling water pipe, 8-semiconductor temperature differential generating chip.
The conduction oil that this technology employing is known altogether reclaims industrial low-temperature waste heat technology, and the conduction oil that has reclaimed waste heat is as heat transfer medium, and as the thermal source of semiconductor temperature difference generator, a kind of good UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN of can yet be regarded as is technological.But should technology have certain shortcoming: promptly the low-temperature receiver of semiconductor temperature difference generator need use a large amount of cooling waters, and the heat that cooling water is taken away just can recycle after heat radiations such as cooling tower, and the circulation of cooling water need be used a certain amount of electric energy.The generating efficiency of practical semiconductor thermal generator is very low, and the great amount of heat water that is cooled is taken away and is dissipated in the atmosphere in vain and causes thermal pollution; The oil storage tank that is provided with, the conduction oil temperature of the inside is higher, the oil storage tank effect of gs-oil separator of having held concurrently, the gas that produces in the conduction oil recovery waste heat process will be separated through oil storage tank, because temperature is high, causes conduction oil to go bad when contacting oxygen easily; Oil transfer pump adopts the unsteady flow amount to regulate the measure that conduct guarantees semiconductor electricity generation module inlet conduction oil temperature, certainly will cause oil transfer pump economically, efficient not move, and still needs supporting variable-frequency control technique just can deal with problems; And for guaranteeing the relatively stable of semiconductor electricity generation module inlet temperature; Certainly will to adopt the conduction oil of big flow, low temperature to reclaim industrial exhaust heat; The conduction oil import and export temperature difference as through the semiconductor electricity generation module is big, can cause the thermal stress of electricity generation module, to certain influence is arranged its useful life; As adopt import and export through the conduction oil of semiconductor electricity generation module have a narrow range of temperature, the operational mode of low discharge, will cause the confession returning-oil temperature of conduction oil all to improve, the heat of waste heat recovery can reduce again.
ZL200810172026.9 discloses a kind of cooling device that is used for semi-conductor thermo-electric generation module more efficiently, is mainly used in a kind of cooling system more efficiently in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines semiconductor thermoelectric generating system for recycling waste heat greatest service.Utilize the bigger characteristics of liquid phase-change latent heat, can absorb more heat, can further improve the temperature difference of the cold and hot end face of semi-conductor thermo-electric generation module, thereby obtain the generating effect of better utilization waste heat from the cold junction face of semi-conductor thermo-electric generation module.Liquid circulation is used simultaneously, need not power, no dielectrical loss, leakage, energy-conserving and environment-protective.As shown in Figure 2, identify among the figure: 21-radiator, 22-condenser, 23-catheter, 24-wireway, 25, the thin fin of 26-, 27-semi-conductor thermo-electric generation module.But should in-problem place also be arranged technology: because the heat of semi-conductor thermo-electric generation module cold junction face can't be recycled, can only be lost in the atmosphere, so this technical limitations the boiling point of cooling fluid be lower than 100 ℃; Electricity generation module cold junction face evaporator internal cavities is a cuboid; The inside and underfill cooling liquid; When gasifying, the cooling liquid of absorption electricity generation module heat will inevitably carry cooling liquid secretly; Thereby contact endothermic gasification with the thin fin of atmosphere end of cuboid cavity, the gasifying gas that absorbs heat can carry out heat exchange with cooling fluid again but the cooling liquid part gasification, and the gasification latent heat of cooling fluid is not all utilized by electricity generation module cold junction face.And the evaporator internal cavities is cuboid, and gas-liquid is also deposited, and volume can strengthen.
Therefore how further rationally how recycling utilizes industrial exhaust heat, as reducing exhaust gas temperature etc. and then using the focus that semiconductor temperature difference generator generating etc. becomes this area research.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly to solve the shortcoming that above-mentioned prior art exists; Utilize heat carrier (like conduction oil) to realize the high efficiente callback utilization of industrial exhaust heat (like the flue gas in power station boiler waste heat) for the semiconductor thermal difference generation method of heating agent and device; Effectively reclaimed the heat of semiconductor thermo-electric generation apparatus cold junction face; Be equivalent to almost all recycle this part heat, do not need cooling water, the overall efficiency of system improves greatly; System's operation is easy to adjust, has reached energy saving purposes.
The present invention improves present recovery industrial low-temperature waste heat technology, adopts heat carrier such as conduction oil as circulatory mediator.At first be to the waste heat recovery part, as for reclaiming the fume afterheat flow process, the present invention is provided with phase-change heat-exchanger 36, and phase-change heat-exchanger 36 comprises evaporator 36-1 and condenser 36-2, and wherein evaporator 36-1 is positioned at flue 31, and condenser 36-2 is positioned at outside the flue.The heat-transfer working medium of phase-change heat-exchanger 36 is selected according to actual conditions, including, but not limited to water.The selection of evaporator 36-1 evaporating temperature is confirmed according to the acid dew point of flue gas, is guaranteed that in a word the wall surface temperature of evaporator 36-1 is higher than acid dew-point temperature and low temperature corrosion can take place.Phase-change heat-exchanger 36 is provided with one group at least according to actual conditions.The heat transferring medium of condenser 36-2 adopts heat carrier such as conduction oil, and this is the improvement to existing heat carrier such as conduction oil heat recovery technology.For boiler or industrial furnace; It is medium that phase-change heat-exchanger 36 adopts conduction oil; Can utilize waste heat, reduce exhaust gas temperature significantly in the prerequisite recover of keeping low wall surface temperature; And exhaust gas temperature is controlled at only high about 15 ℃ than lowermost wall surface temperature, in the time of can controlling 100 ℃ of wall temperatures usually, about 115 ℃ of exhaust gas temperatures.But in practical application, also must handle thermally equilibrated restriction well, just might reach the effect of not only avoiding dewfall but also reducing exhaust gas temperature.Be controlled at about 130 ℃ in the prerequisite down smoke-discharging temperature of dewfall not in the practical operation and be advisable.If the flue gas that clean fuel burning forms, acid dew point is lower, then can select other suitable phase change mediums for use, as much as possible recovery heat under the situation of keeping evaporator 36-1 safety.
The present invention is through being provided with high-order expansion slot 43, and the conduction oil temperature of controlling high-order expansion slot 43 the insides can be avoided the conduction oil oxidation deterioration in 70 ℃, prolong the useful life of conduction oil greatly.
The present invention is that the industrial exhaust heat semiconductor electricity-generating method and the apparatus structure sketch map (seeing accompanying drawing 3, Fig. 4 and accompanying drawing identifier declaration) of heating agent done explanation with the heat carrier: utilize conduction oil as the working medium of recycling waste heat, comprise inside and outside equipment of boiler flue 31 and flue and connecting tube thereof.Be provided with successively in the flue 31 at least one hotline heater as 33,35 etc., at least one phase-change heat-exchanger 36; And economizer 32, air preheater 34; Phase-change heat-exchanger 36 comprises evaporator 36-1 and condenser 36-2; Condenser 36-2 wherein is positioned at outside the flue, and the working media of evaporator 36-1 is a water, and the steam utilization of generation carries out condensation through the conduction oil of condenser 36-2.The original economizer of hotline heater and boiler 32, air preheater 34 is connected or be cross-linked setting.Wherein first hotline heater is arranged between phase-change heat-exchanger evaporator 36-1 and the air preheater 34.Outer phase-change heat-exchanger condenser 36-2, semiconductor thermo-electric generation apparatus 60, electricity generation module phase-change heat-exchanger condenser 44, the feedwater preheaters 50 of being provided with of flue 31, the pipeline instrument valve that air preheater 51, gs-oil separator 42, filter 39, hot oil pump 38, high-order expansion slot 43, low-temperature reservoir groove 41 are supporting etc.Semiconductor thermo-electric generation apparatus 60 comprises phase-change working substance liquid phase bus-bar 49, phase-change working substance gas phase bus-bar 45, electricity generation module phase-change heat-exchanger evaporator 46, electricity generation module hot junction 47 and semiconductor electricity generation module 48.
The condenser 36-2 of phase-change heat-exchanger 36 adopts the indirect heat exchange mode to utilize conduction oil as the coolant cooling steam; Continue to reclaim fume afterheat with sending into hotline heater after the heat-conducting oil heating as 33,35 etc.; Conduction oil after the hotline heater heating gets into semiconductor thermo-electric generation apparatus 60 and generates electricity; The conduction oil that comes out is through feedwater preheater 50, the feedwater of air preheater 51 heating boilers, air, and the confession system utilized after boiler feedwater, hot-air reclaimed heat, and the cooling back gets into electricity generation module phase-change heat-exchanger condenser 44; After reclaiming semiconductor electricity generation module cold junction face heat; Isolate gas through gs-oil separator 42, discharge from high-order expansion slot 43, liquid heat conductive oil recycles through the condenser 36-2 of filter 39, hot oil pump 38, phase-change heat-exchanger 36.
Be provided with flue gas discharge temperature regulation device 40; Regulation device 40 is according to the height of the wall temperature (as measuring through wall temperature tester 37) (or flue outlet place cigarette temperature) of phase-change heat-exchanger evaporator 36-1; The means such as aperture of the bypass valve through control phase-change heat-exchanger condenser 36-2; Can make the exhaust gas temperature of flue outlet be reduced to the flue gas acid dew point temperature of the evaporator wall that only is higher than phase-change heat-exchanger 36, avoid reaching the purpose of utilizing fume waste heat to greatest extent under the prerequisite of dewfall; Make boiler ability economy, high thermal efficiency operation, reach energy saving purposes.
Be provided with electricity generation module failure bypass adjuster valve 57; When semiconductor thermo-electric generation apparatus 60 breaks down; Open electricity generation module failure bypass adjuster valve 57, close the electricity generation module fault with break valve 58,59, when fault is handled; System still can effectively move, and accident such as can not cause stopping in emergency.
Characteristic of the present invention is to select boiling point to be not less than the working medium of liquid 100 ℃, that gasification latent heat is big as phase-change heat-exchanger; For example select water; 100 ℃ of endothermic gasifications of normal pressure; When keeping the semiconductor temperature difference generator cold junction temperature constant, the steam of generation will be removed and obtain recycling at electricity generation module phase-change heat-exchanger condenser 44 through the used heat of semiconductor temperature difference generator fast, and device security is reliable.Be equivalent to sacrifice temperature difference electricity amount in fact from 100 ℃ to the semiconductor temperature difference generator cold junction temperature; Almost all reclaimed and be dissipated in the heat in the atmosphere through cooling water; Be equivalent to a backheat circulation in fact, be equivalent to a heat pump in other words in operation.The discharges heat of semiconductor temperature difference generator cold junction has obtained effective utilization, and the comprehensive waste heat recovery efficient of system improves greatly, is one of existing semiconductor temperature differential generating heat recovery technology is improved greatly.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows; Can design flexibly according to form, characteristics and the equipment of waste heat in the enterprise production process and place situation etc.; Do not influence original production technology or influence very little; Conduction oil extracts back entering semiconductor temperature difference generator with waste heat and converts the part heat that conduction oil carries to electric energy; The efficient heat of discharging of a large amount of phase-change heat-exchanger evaporators that passes through the semiconductor temperature difference generator cold junction is used to heat the feedwater of stove combustion air or heating boiler or other processing mediums that need heat again by the system recoveries utilization.
Conventionally forms such as that the evaporator of semiconductor thermo-electric generation apparatus of the present invention can adopt is board-like, spiral plate type, wave; Characteristic is vertical layout; Be full of saturated liquid in the phase-change heat-exchanger evaporator of semiconductor temperature difference generator cold junction, heat absorption promptly is gasificated into gas and utilizes density contrast conveniently to be pooled to phase-change working substance gas phase bus-bar.Saturated gas leans on action of gravity to get into phase-change working substance liquid phase bus-bar after the condenser cooling, gets into the phase-change heat-exchanger evaporator through over-allocation again and respectively organizes sheet, recycles, and need not consumption of power, does not have and leaks.
For newly-built utility boiler, can adopt the flow process of accompanying drawing 4 of the present invention to design, the apparatus arrangement in the flue is simplified greatly; Be equivalent to move to original economizer and air preheater outside the flue; The conduction oil recovery waste heat gets into semiconductor temperature difference generator after improving temperature, because the temperature difference increases, energy output effectively increases; Generating efficiency improves, apparatus arrangement simplification simultaneously, reasonable.
For legacy system, can adopt the flow process of accompanying drawing 3 of the present invention to transform, also can transform by the flow process of accompanying drawing 4 of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the industrial exhaust heat semiconductor temperature difference generator apparatus for electricity generation flow chart of prior art.
Fig. 2 is the cooling device structure chart that is used for semi-conductor thermo-electric generation module of prior art.
Fig. 3 be of the present invention be the industrial exhaust heat semiconductor electricity-generating method and the apparatus structure sketch map of heating agent with the heat carrier.
Fig. 4 is the industrial exhaust heat semiconductor generating device structure sketch map of another embodiment of the present invention.
Among the figure, 31-boiler flue, 32-economizer, 33-hotline heater, 34-air preheater; 35-hotline heater, 36-phase-change heat-exchanger, 36-1-phase-change heat-exchanger evaporator, 36-2 phase-change heat-exchanger condenser, 37-wall temperature tester; 38-hot oil pump, 39-filter, 40-regulation device, 41-low-temperature reservoir groove, 42-gs-oil separator; 43-high-order expansion slot, 44-electricity generation module phase-change heat-exchanger condenser, 45-phase-change working substance gas phase bus-bar, 46-electricity generation module phase-change heat-exchanger evaporator, 47-electricity generation module hot junction; 48-semiconductor electricity generation module, 49-phase-change working substance liquid phase bus-bar, 50-feedwater preheater, 51-air preheater; The 52-boiler feedwater, the boiler feedwater after the 53-heating, 54-air, the air after the 55-heating; The 56-heat carrier, 57-electricity generation module failure bypass adjuster valve, 58,59-electricity generation module fault uses break valve, the 60-semiconductor thermo-electric generation apparatus.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 3; The present invention is that the industrial exhaust heat semiconductor electricity-generating method and the apparatus structure sketch map of heating agent is described in detail with the heat carrier: utilize conduction oil as the working medium of recycling waste heat, comprise inside and outside equipment of boiler flue 31 and flue and connecting tube thereof.Be provided with successively in the flue 31 at least one hotline heater as 33,35 etc., at least one phase-change heat-exchanger 36; And economizer 32, air preheater 34; Phase-change heat-exchanger 36 comprises evaporator 36-1 and condenser 36-2; Condenser 36-2 wherein is positioned at outside the flue, and the working media of evaporator 36-1 is a water, and the steam utilization of generation carries out condensation through the conduction oil of condenser 36-2.The original economizer of hotline heater and boiler 32, air preheater 34 is connected or be cross-linked setting.Wherein first hotline heater is arranged between phase-change heat-exchanger evaporator 36-1 and the air preheater 34.Outer phase-change heat-exchanger condenser 36-2, semiconductor thermo-electric generation apparatus 60, electricity generation module phase-change heat-exchanger condenser 44, the feedwater preheaters 50 of being provided with of flue 31, the pipeline instrument valve that air preheater 51, gs-oil separator 42, filter 39, hot oil pump 38, high-order expansion slot 43, low-temperature reservoir groove 41 are supporting etc.Semiconductor thermo-electric generation apparatus 60 comprises phase-change working substance liquid phase bus-bar 49, phase-change working substance gas phase bus-bar 45, electricity generation module phase-change heat-exchanger evaporator 46, electricity generation module hot junction 47 and semiconductor electricity generation module 48.
The condenser 36-2 of phase-change heat-exchanger 36 adopts the indirect heat exchange mode to utilize conduction oil as the coolant cooling steam; Continue to reclaim fume afterheat with sending into hotline heater after the heat-conducting oil heating as 33,35 etc.; Conduction oil after the hotline heater heating gets into semiconductor thermo-electric generation apparatus 60 and generates electricity; The conduction oil that comes out is through feedwater preheater 50, the feedwater of air preheater 51 heating boilers, air, and the confession system utilized after boiler feedwater, hot-air reclaimed heat, and the cooling back gets into electricity generation module phase-change heat-exchanger condenser 44; After reclaiming semiconductor electricity generation module cold junction face heat; Isolate gas through gs-oil separator 42, discharge from high-order expansion slot 43, liquid heat conductive oil recycles through the condenser 36-2 of filter 39, hot oil pump 38, phase-change heat-exchanger 36.
Be provided with flue gas discharge temperature regulation device 40; Regulation device 40 is according to the height of the wall temperature (as measuring through wall temperature tester 37) (or flue outlet place cigarette temperature) of phase-change heat-exchanger evaporator 36-1; The means such as aperture of the bypass valve through control phase-change heat-exchanger condenser 36-2; Can make the exhaust gas temperature of flue outlet be reduced to the flue gas acid dew point temperature of the evaporator wall that only is higher than phase-change heat-exchanger 36, avoid reaching the purpose of utilizing fume waste heat to greatest extent under the prerequisite of dewfall; Make boiler ability economy, high thermal efficiency operation, reach energy saving purposes.
Be provided with electricity generation module failure bypass adjuster valve 57; When semiconductor thermo-electric generation apparatus 60 breaks down; Open electricity generation module failure bypass adjuster valve 57, close the electricity generation module fault with break valve 58,59, when fault is handled; System still can effectively move, and accident such as can not cause stopping in emergency.
Embodiment 2.
Basic identical with embodiment 1, for newly-built utility boiler, can adopt the flow process of accompanying drawing 4 of the present invention to design; Apparatus arrangement in the flue is simplified greatly, is equivalent to move to original economizer and air preheater outside the flue, and the conduction oil recovery waste heat gets into semiconductor temperature difference generator after improving temperature; Because the temperature difference increases; Energy output effectively increases, and generating efficiency improves, apparatus arrangement simplification simultaneously, reasonable.
Though the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above, they are not to be used for limiting the present invention, anyly are familiar with this art, in spirit that does not break away from the present invention and scope, when doing various variations or retouching, belong to the present invention's protection range equally certainly.For example, the flow process of phase-change heat-exchanger of the present invention equally also is applicable to industry cellar for storing things stove and other waste heat recovery occasions.Therefore protection scope of the present invention should with the application claim was defined is as the criterion.
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| CN2010105117009A CN101976987B (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2010-10-20 | Industrial afterheat semiconductor power generation method and device using heat carrier as heating medium |
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| CN2010105117009A CN101976987B (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2010-10-20 | Industrial afterheat semiconductor power generation method and device using heat carrier as heating medium |
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| CN102183086B (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2013-12-18 | 上海伏波环保设备有限公司 | System for heating heat conducting oil by using waste heat of boiler flue gas |
| CN102185537B (en) * | 2011-04-09 | 2013-04-17 | 王海波 | System and method for realizing cogeneration by using heat-conducting oil furnace and semiconductor power generation device |
| CN102538203B (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2013-10-23 | 苏州工业园区瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 | A waste heat recovery device for heat conduction oil furnace tail gas |
| CN102620428A (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2012-08-01 | 苏州工业园区瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 | Internal-circulation waste heat recovery device for heat-conducting oil furnace |
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| CN112875981B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-09-13 | 浙江华川实业集团有限公司 | Comprehensive treatment process method for papermaking wastewater and printing and dyeing wastewater in energy-saving workshop |
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Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6271459B1 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2001-08-07 | Wafermasters, Inc. | Heat management in wafer processing equipment using thermoelectric device |
| CN101316083B (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-09-29 | 无锡明惠通科技有限公司 | Tunnel type waste heat recovery semiconductor power generation device by temperature difference |
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