The paper-making fibre image measuring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to pulp technology for making paper, especially a kind of length of paper-making fibre, width, wall chamber size, fibrous measuring method.
Background technology
Paper-making fibre has different microscopic patterns at different raw materials during with different treatment process, and they have material impact to the character of paper.Grass class and broad-leaved wood fiber average length be less than 1 millimeter, 2 to 4 millimeters of needle-leaved wood fibre average lengths, about 20 to 100 microns of its width; Many millimeters of paper grade (stock) cotton fiber and the about long number of bast plant fiber millimeters to 10, about 10 to 20 microns of width, human eye is difficult for watching.China's past measurement fibre morphology index mainly relies on microscope or microscopic projector that fiber is amplified or projects on the projection screen, manually on microscope or projection screen, measure then with micrometer or certain special ruler, this method is consuming time many, workload is big, personal error is bigger, therefore under many circumstances, people can not in time and exactly measure the form of paper-making fibre, can not in time understand and grasp the situation of change of raw material of papermaking fiber its form in slurrying and paper-making process.
Abroad, the FS type paper-making fibre analyser of Finland Kajaani Electronic Arts Inc., the FQA fibre analysis instrument that Canadian pulping and paper-making research institute etc. develop jointly, the L﹠amp that Sweden produces; W fiber automatic analyzing instrument etc. all is to use the micromachine pumping through a kapillary or a slit after paper-making fibre is diluted to very rare water slurry, then with photodiode induction or with Digital Video to taking pictures fast by the fiber of kapillary or slit, by microcomputer information of obtaining or the image of taking pictures are carried out data processing again, draw the length and the width value of fiber.This type of surveying instrument measuring speed is fast, measures thousands of of paper-making fibres in several minutes.But these instruments are length, width and the flexural number of energy measurement paper-making fibre only, can not clear observation fiber form, the quality index of paper-making fibre such as is not compared in fibre furnish, fiber wire-dividing broom purification, the wall chamber of the different fibre stufves of energy measurement, and the instrument price is wanted about ten thousand yuan of Renminbi 60-100.
The measuring method of the fiber that Wang of Tsing-Hua University family financial situation in 2005 proposes in its patent CN1264823A is mainly used in the measurement textile fibres.Because the fiber of a large amount of intersections is arranged in the paper-making fibre test piece, so inapplicable, this method can not be measured the characteristic index some other commonly used of paper-making fibre simultaneously: as making beating brooming degree, wall chamber ratio, the proportion of composing of variety classes composite fibre in the raw material, non-fibrocellular content ratio etc. in the paper pulp.
Summary of the invention
At the measurement of above existing paper-making fibre form and the deficiency of analytical approach, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new paper-making fibre image measuring method.
The objective of the invention is by realizing by the following technical solutions: a kind of paper-making fibre image measuring method is characterized in that:
One paper-making fibre analyser is provided, this paper-making fibre analyser comprises that a biological microscope, is installed in the Digital Video of this biological microscope eyepiece position, a microcomputer, the display that is connected with microcomputer and is arranged at the interior paper-making fibre message processing program of microcomputer, and the data line of Digital Video is connected to the data-interface place of microcomputer;
Measure portion comprises following:
First: fiber length and width degree is measured, and it comprises:
The first step, the gel method film-making:
Obtain paper or paper pulp fiber sample according to industry standard QB/T 2597-2003 paper-making fibre length measurment method, or to carrying out dispersion treatment, the wet pulp sample that is fully disperseed without raw material that disperses or paper pulp fiber sample; Through dark color or the dyeing of lividity coloring agent, flush away excess dyestuff and hand are pinched dried standby;
Get and dye the dark about 5mg of slurry, place vial with cover, add the 5-20ml gel, be heated to mobile aqueous, after fully shaking suspending liquid, draw fiber gel suspending liquid and evenly be applied on the microslide, fiber gel suspending liquid forms coagulated colloid on microslide, and tested fiber is wrapped in the transparent adhesive film equably;
In second step, the fiber length and width is measured:
The test piece of first step gained is placed the microslide anchor clamps, open the paper-making fibre routine analyzer by microcomputer, regulate slide position and microscope focal length, the fibre image of clear display on the microcomputer display screen, the length of fiber, width are measured and statistics automatically by the paper-making fibre analyser;
Second portion: the paper-making fibre proportioning is measured, and it may further comprise the steps:
According to industry standard QB/T 2597-2003 sampling, through conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent dyeing system observation test piece, test piece is placed described microslide anchor clamps; Open the paper-making fibre routine analyzer, regulate slide position and microscope focal length, the fibre image of clear display on the microcomputer display screen;
Select the color of image separation function of fiber information handling procedure, separate by the fiber of this color of image separation function the different colours value, automatically calculate the area that the identical fiber of color occupies in image, the ratio of the fiber area occupied in image by different colours calculates different fibers ratio content in paper or paper pulp;
Third part: the measurement of paper-making fibre plant material cell membrane chamber ratio, it may further comprise the steps:
Papermaking plant material slices across is made biologic slice, the dyeing of use coloring agent, the cell membrane of papermaking plant material is dyed dark colour, lumen is empty very slight color, biologic slice after the dyeing is placed microslide, make the fiber cross section test piece, open the paper-making fibre routine analyzer, regulate slide position and microscope focal length, the papermaking plant material slices across image of clear display on the microcomputer display screen;
The wall chamber of selecting the fiber information disposal system is than automatic measurement function, automatically discern fibrocellular lumen diameter and cell wall thickness in the biologic slice by this automatic measurement function, and measure and add up the wall cavity area ratio and the length ratio of average thickness, cell membrane and lumen of diameter, the cell membrane of its whole lumens respectively.
As optimized technical scheme of the present invention, described gel is a transparence, and it is being made by the made algin aqueous solution of marine algas such as agar, Eucheuma by 0.5-3.5% content.
As optimized technical scheme of the present invention, two the large and small rectangular sheets of described microslide anchor clamps for being nested, the size size with microslide respectively is corresponding; Big frame is placed the gel method microslide more about 10 times than conventional microslide area, places conventional microslide after being inserted in little frame.
As optimized technical scheme of the present invention, described microslide anchor clamps can move in X, Y, Z direction with microscope stage.
As optimized technical scheme of the present invention, the size of described gel method microslide and large rectangle frame hollow-out parts is suitable: length is 70-150, and width is 50-90.
With respect to prior art, technical scheme of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, reduces measuring error.The present invention has cancelled making microscopic examination sample needs microslide to add the classic method of cover glass.Use fiber gel suspending liquid, fiber can be evenly dispersed in the liquid colloid, and fiber is not sunken to the coagulant liquid bottom yet when leaving standstill; Draw homodisperse fibrous suspension to microslide with suction pipe, accomplished that sampling evenly, very fast formation clear gel solid behind the fibrous suspension contact microslide, this method need not use dissecting needle loosen collagen fibre and cover glass extrusion fiber, thus reduced dissect at the change of fibre morphology and when the covered fiber fines extrude measuring error that test piece causes with unnecessary liquid.
2, the clear fiber that is beneficial to of figure is observed.During the microscopic examination sample, its observation depth of field reduces with the increase of the enlargement factor of sample, in the tradition film-making, fiber is layer after layer in the sample, cause microscope can clearly observe above ground fiber but ground fiber below not seeing uses this method film-making, can avoid in the sample tested fiber overlapping, the glued membrane that the air-dry back of gelinite forms is only counted micron thickness, and under enlargement factor closely thousandfold, microscope can be at the microscopic pattern of observation sample more clearly.
3, reduce film-making intensity.Be the effect of bigger performance gel method film-making, the present invention has designed microslide and the anchor clamps that are specifically designed to the fiber gel test piece; About 6 square centimeters of the sample test piece viewing area that common microslide is made, fiber consumption seldom, easily sampling is inhomogeneous and cause the measuring system error, seldom intersect mutually as the needle-leaved wood fibre in the test piece, every square centimeter is held 20 to 30 fibers approximately, this needs several test pieces could satisfy the requirement of measuring hundreds of fibers in the industry standard QB/T 2597-2003 regulation, nearly hundred square centimeters of the used big microslide viewing areas of the present invention, fiber consumption is traditional more than 10 times, hold thousands of fibers, get final product a test piece and just satisfy the measurement requirement of above-mentioned standard, also can reduce the inhomogeneous measuring system error that causes because of sampling.
4, fiber is dyed dark color and helped computing machine and distinguish, satisfy automatic measurement requirement.Do not dye as fiber, fiber color depth difference is very little when microscopic examination, part fiber even transparent, and this can cause in the fiber measurement, and computing machine can not obtain fiber binary image accurately, has lost fibre image information.After fiber used dark color or lividity coloring agent to increase the color of fiber, the fiber and the background color depth contrasted clearly in the MIcrosope image, in the fiber measurement, the fiber binary image that computing machine obtained is clear accurately, can not lose fibre image information, the fibre length that records, width is accurate.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment:
Fig. 1 is the floor map of microslide anchor clamps;
Fig. 2 is the cross sectional representation of Fig. 1 horizontal direction;
Fig. 3 is the cross sectional representation of Fig. 1 vertical direction.
Embodiment
First: the measurement of paper-making fibre length and width degree
The first step: gel method film-making:
Gel method flaking method step of the present invention: obtain paper or paper pulp fiber sample according to industry standard QB/T 2597-2003 paper-making fibre length measurment method, or to carrying out dispersion treatment without the raw material or the paper pulp fiber sample that disperse, the wet pulp sample that is fully disperseed, above-mentioned wet pulp sample with hand pinch do after; After getting about 1g wet pulp and adding 0.05 to 1 gram dark color or lividity coloring agent and about 0.5 ml water and mix, be heated to 90 degree, place after several minutes, remove excess dyestuff and hand is pinched dried standby with flushing with clean water paper pulp.Getting about 10mg then dyes dark slurry and places vial with cover, add 5-20ml gel (by algin solution compositions such as 0.5-3.5% agar), be heated to mobile aqueous, after fully shaking suspending liquid, draw fiber gel suspending liquid with suction pipe and evenly be applied to formation clear gel solid on the microslide, tested fiber is wrapped in the transparent gel equably.As fiber on the microslide more crossing condition is arranged, this sheet cancels, and should add gel again in suspending liquid, repeat aforesaid operations, make rarer fiber gel suspending liquid, the fiber overwhelming majority on microslide is in the single fiber state, and the measurement test piece of certain fibre density is arranged again.This test piece can be used for measuring pulp fiber length and width, brooming rate, heteroproteose cell content and observes its fibre morphology.Fiber gel suspending liquid on the microslide leaves standstill to air-dry back measurement effect better.
The microslide anchor clamps of gel test piece are positioned on the microscope stage, and it can move in X (level), Y (vertically), Z (vertically) direction with microscope stage.These microslide anchor clamps are two large and small rectangular sheets that are nested, and the size size with microslide respectively is corresponding; Big frame can be placed big microslide, places conventional microslide after being inserted in little frame.
The structure of microslide anchor clamps such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, the microslide anchor clamps are rectangular sheet, the one end margin is clamped and fastened on the micro objective below by two clamping parts 10, its center is provided with one first rectangle hollow-out parts 20, the degree of depth of this first rectangle hollow-out parts 20 is less than the thickness of anchor clamps, its center also is provided with one second rectangle hollow-out parts 30, and the length and width size of this second rectangle hollow-out parts 30 is all less than the length and width size of the first rectangle hollow-out parts 20, and this second rectangle hollow-out parts 30 penetrates this anchor clamps.Microslide can place in this first rectangle hollow-out parts 20; Less as the microslide area, then need provide structure that a length and width size and the length and width size of the first rectangle hollow-out parts 20 be complementary and aforementioned anchor clamps consistent than small jig, place this than in the small jig microslide, will place in the first rectangle hollow-out parts 20 of aforementioned microslide than small jig.In embodiments of the present invention, the size of described gel method microslide and large rectangle frame hollow-out parts is suitable: length is 70-150, and width is 50-90.
Second step: fiber length and width degree is measured:
One paper-making fibre analyser is provided, it comprises a biological microscope, form in order to Digital Video, microcomputer, the display that is connected with microcomputer that replaces the biological microscope eyepiece, the paper-making fibre routine analyzer that is arranged in the microcomputer, the data line of video camera is connected to the data-interface of microcomputer.
The test piece of first step gained is placed the microslide anchor clamps, open the paper-making fibre process of measurement, adjust the position of microslide, regulate the position of observing fiber in microscopical object lens and the microslide, make the fiber sample micro-image of microcomputer display screen clear display.
1, fibre length is measured:
With fiber shown on the click microcomputer display screen, each information input microcomputer of clicking the back gained writes down, adds up, calculates measured lengths numerical value automatically by the fiber information handling procedure.
2, fiber width is measured:
Side in the representational stage casing of fiber is pressed mouse, drag the opposite side of mouse setting-out to fiber, the direction of removable lines during setting-out, when it is vertical with fiber edge, unclamp mouse, same repeatedly operation, the paper-making fibre routine analyzer is measured the width value of fiber automatically, and adds up, calculates needed result.
3, fiber length and width degree is measured simultaneously automatically.
Make test piece by first step gel method, test piece for less fiber crossover phenomenon, can utilize in the paper-making fibre routine analyzer " measuring automatically " function to make the paper-making fibre routine analyzer discern each root fiber in the picture shown in the microcomputer display automatically, and the length and the width of all fibres measured and add up, obtain fibre length, width measure result simultaneously.
Second portion: the paper-making fibre proportioning is measured
Take a sample, observe a test piece according to industry standard QB/T 2597-2003 with conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent dyeing system, because variety classes or the fiber and the different color reaction of conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent effect generation handled through different process, as the color of image of chemical pulp fiber based on blue and blue-black, mechanical pulp be yellow, chemi-mechanical pulp is golden yellow, so can distinguish different types of fiber by different fiber colors.
Select the color of image separation function of paper-making fibre routine analyzer, the fiber of different colours value can be separated by this color of image separation function, and calculate the area that certain fiber occupies automatically in image, by the ratio of different colours value fiber area occupied in image, calculate various fibers content in paper or paper pulp automatically.
Third part: the measurement of paper-making fibre plant material cell membrane chamber ratio
Papermaking plant material slices across is made biologic slice, use described coloring agent dyeing, make the fiber cross section test piece; This fiber cross section test piece is placed the microslide anchor clamps, regulate microscopical focal length, make the cross sectional image of clear display in the microcomputer display screen; Wall chamber in the selection paper-making fibre routine analyzer is than automatic measurement function, automatically discern the lumen diameter and the cell wall thickness of fiber finer cell wall by this automatic measurement function, diameter and its cell membrane average thickness of whole lumens in the papermaking plant cross sectional image shown in the measurement calculate the cell membrane of this sample section and the wall chamber ratio of lumen then automatically respectively.