CN101959337B - Electrical heating elements - Google Patents
Electrical heating elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101959337B CN101959337B CN 201010226166 CN201010226166A CN101959337B CN 101959337 B CN101959337 B CN 101959337B CN 201010226166 CN201010226166 CN 201010226166 CN 201010226166 A CN201010226166 A CN 201010226166A CN 101959337 B CN101959337 B CN 101959337B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- terminal
- heating apparatus
- resistance wire
- liquid heating
- electric liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
- H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
Abstract
An electrical appliance comprises a sheathed electrical resistance heating element. The element comprises a length of resistance wire (20), a pair of electrical terminations (8, 12) connected to respective ends of the length of resistance wire (20) for connecting said element to a main electrical power supply, and a further electrical termination (14) connected to said resistance wire (20) intermediate the ends and providing an electrical power supply to another part of the appliance at a lower voltage than the main power supply.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electric heating element of clad type, particularly be used to add equipment hot water and that comprise this element.
Background technology
Be used to add most small-sized household electric equipments employing clad type straties of hot water in order to heating water wherein such as kettle, coffee pot, teapot etc.These elements generally include the one section thin resistance wire that is rolled into coil, and such as the NI-G aluminium alloy, it is embedded in such as in the magnesian insulating material, and are wrapped in aluminium, stainless steel or the copper pipe of hollow (back two kinds are used for directly water-immersed element).Will be for example the electric terminal stitch well known in the art of " no power lead-in wire (cold tails) " be connected to the two ends of resistance wire in order to its generation is electrically connected.Aluminum pipe or big envelope are sealed at the arbitrary end with no power lead-in wire separately by sealing plug.The aluminium big envelope can be straight but more generally be bent into arc.This element combines with the aluminium heating panel usually, and the aluminium heating panel combines with for example metal on stainless steel, chassis successively, in order to water from the heating chamber of below or use immersion element.
Above described clad type stratie structurally keep decades constant basically, nowadays can need not the experienced operator and it is fabricated to bigger capacity with very low cost.This is why can be at the partly cause that satisfies in recent years such as the requirement of the housed device very cheaply of kettle.
Summary of the invention
A first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of electric equipment, comprise the clad type stratie, described element comprises one section resistance wire, a pair of electric terminal, described a pair of electric terminal is connected in order to described element is connected to mains supply with the respective end of described one section resistance wire, and the additional electrical terminal, described other electrical equipment terminal is connected to the centre at the described two ends of described resistance wire, and the power supply of the voltage lower than mains supply is provided to another part of this equipment.
The present invention expands to equally provides a kind of clad type stratie, comprise one section resistance wire, a pair of electric terminal, described a pair of electric terminal is connected in order to described element is connected to mains supply with the respective end of described one section resistance wire, and additional electrical terminal, described additional electrical terminal is connected to the centre at the described two ends of described resistance wire, in order to the power supply that is lower than mains voltage to be provided.
Those skilled in the art can see, heating element according to the present invention comprises along its length and connects additional terminal halfway, it provides the voltage lower than the voltage on the voltage of whole element, thereby can be used for (then suitably proofread and correct if desired, smothing filtering (smoothing) and/or regulate) to accessory or subsystem power supply such as the Electronic Control in the equipment or display circuit or pump.Therefore, in one group of preferred embodiment, this equipment comprises by the accessory of described low voltage power supply or subsystem.This can be in electronic circuit, light source, acoustical generator or the pump one or more.Electronic circuit can be used to control this equipment and/or be used to show can be simple lamp or LED or the complicated more demonstration setting that for example comprises LCD one by one.But it should be understood that the needs that the present invention has eliminated provides transformer, and show the very big saving on cost and weight, therefore can provide equipment more economically feasiblely with additional function.
In another group embodiment, this equipment comprises the connector that is connected electrically to described LVPS, and described connector allows external equipment to be connected to this equipment.This connector can make this equipment to chargeable battery charge especially easily among the embodiment at one that is proposed by the applicant, described battery or removed on the slave unit, or charge by being connected to the equipment that comprises this battery.In fact, can adopt this set, in order to use such as the battery on the common wireless equipment of industrial wireless electric power tool to heating installation power supply in opposite mode.One of this mode easily example be little kettle, it is used for the construction site and adds hot water with the battery that uses wireless electric power tool.
In one group of embodiment, LVPS comprises that being used for exchanging (AC) voltage transitions is the device of direct current (DC) voltage, for example rectifier and optionally filter capacitor.Based on this equipment, provide pressurizer equally alternatively.Even propose in LVPS, to have suitable circuit, a plurality of voltages or series of voltage can be provided.
Preferably heating element is set in this equipment in order to add hot water.In one group of embodiment, with disposition of heating component and be arranged to the water in this equipment is heated to boiling.In one group of embodiment, heating element directly is immersed in the water.In another group embodiment, heating element is attached to the downside of the metal dish of the bottom that forms heating chamber.Heating element can be bonded directly to the bottom or with radiator is clipped in the middle.
The middle connection of resistance wire can any mode easily be made.In one group of preferred embodiment, in big envelope, resistance wire is rolled into coil, and uses the terminal component that longitudinal extension also in position is connected with resistance wire in resistance wire coil to make the connection that forms described intermediate terminal.Preferably, terminal component extends an end of element big envelope.For example, the conductor of this terminal that can be connected with an end of resistance wire with formation parallels.In one group of preferred embodiment, intermediate terminal member and one of them end terminal (being one of them no power lead-in wire) are coaxial.Be the most easily, the end terminal be tubulose and have an intermediate terminal member that passes this end terminal.This set helps the production of this element and makes can make more easily when comprising this element in equipment being electrically connected.
In one group of embodiment, the intermediate terminal member comprises the head of expansion, contacts with the resistance wire that is rolled into coil in order to the inside from coil.In another group embodiment, the diameter that reduces resistance wire coil partly is in order to be connected with the intermediate terminal member.This means that the intermediate terminal member that need not to provide the head with expansion is that it can be the form of simple column stitch one by one.
In one group of embodiment, the clad type heating element is included in the end cap of sealing of arbitrary end of big envelope.Usually the clad type heating element wraps up for example dielectric of magnesia powder.In practice, with being partially embedded in the dielectric in the big envelope.In one group of embodiment, the end cap and the dielectric of sealing is provided, therefore the end cap of sealing is used for dielectric is remained on big envelope.
In one group of embodiment, the clad type heating element is suitable in the liquid heating apparatus.At these embodiment and provide in the equipment of end cap of sealing, the end cap of sealing is set to anti-sealing and enters in the big envelope.Easily, end terminal and intermediate terminal extend by the end cap of sealing.Therefore as the sealing that big envelope is provided, end cap forms the sealing around terminal.
The available voltage in intermediate terminal place yes depend on the voltage that strides across the element two ends and apply and along the length of coil connect this intermediate terminal accurate point both.Usually, the thickness of coil and resistance coefficient are constants along its length, and therefore the resistance between intermediate connection point and the particular end directly and this tie point and should end between resistance wire length proportional.This makes and calculates the point along resistance wire that is used to produce the connection and required voltage is provided easily.Provide an example, if be that effective value (RMS) is the mains ac power supply of 230V (volt) to the power supply of heating element, the crest voltage on element will be higher so, be about 325V for multiply by radical sign 2--.For 12V is provided DC power supply, the LVPS module will peaking be approximately the alternating voltage (consider by rectifier and can reduce a small amount of voltage or the like) of 13V.This can realize by connecting 4% the position that is positioned at along the length of resistance wire in the middle of making.
Although only mention an intermediate connection point till now, should know and to make a plurality of such connections in order to a series of different voltages to be provided.
In one group of embodiment, clad type heating element of the present invention is to be placed into then in the element big envelope by the sub-component of at first making resistance wire and terminal to make.Filled low-density (for example about 2.2g/cm in the big envelope
3) magnesia powder.Rolling then (roll) all components for example is reduced to about 6.5mm from about 8mm in order to reduce the diameter of big envelope, and this has the effect of the density that improves magnesia powder, for example brings up to 3g/cm
3Because the diameter that has improved heater strip is slightly handled in rolling, therefore this processing has also determined resistance heating wire's resistance, and the resistance value with this resistance wire is reduced to its end value thus.Clad type heating element according to the said method manufacturing can obtain greater than 30W/cm
2Power density, 30-50W/cm for example
2
In having one group of embodiment of end cover, can observe this manufacture method and produce a kind of clad type heating element, be set to from the element big envelope, to remove any one in resistance wire, end terminal and the intermediate terminal.
Description of drawings
, quote accompanying accompanying drawing specific preferred embodiment of the present invention is described by the mode of example only.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of expression heating element of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of heating element that has omitted Fig. 1 of outer envelope and insulating material for clear the description;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of electric terminal that is in an end of element;
Fig. 4 is similar to Fig. 2 but according to a second embodiment of the present invention schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the illustrative principles circuit diagram according to equipment of the present invention.
Embodiment
At first forward Fig. 1 to, can see according to clad type stratie of the present invention.For the ease of understanding, it is straight here it to be shown as, although in practice it is bent into arc usually and is fixed on the circular heating plate, or be bent into be attached to element head the loop that spirals in order to as the immersion element.
Element comprises outer envelope 2, is formed by the Aluminum Hollow pipe of circular cross section.The end of pipe is by corresponding sealing plug 4,6 sealings insulation and that can bear relatively-high temperature.Electric terminal conductor 8 passes the sealing plug 4 that is in element one end and extends, and standard connection lappet (tab) 10 is connected lead-in wire with its welding in order to adhere to.
Pass that the sealing plug 6 that is in the element other end extends be two to conduction gas terminal component 12,14.A terminal component 12 is columns, and other terminal component 14 is the shapes with solid stitch, and it passes the hollow kernel of other terminal component 12.Connect lappet 16,18 and be welded to two terminal components 12,14 respectively.
Fig. 2 has shown the element that amplifies slightly of removing aluminium big envelope 2.The abridged is the alumina powder of compacting from figure equally, and part embeds in alumina powder in these pipes in practice.This is used for the insulation support being provided and simultaneously heat being directed to big envelope 2 from resistance wire 20 to resistance wire 20.
This section resistance wire 20 that is rolled into coil generally include be used for the 3kW element 0.5mm's and be used for nickel chromium triangle aluminium wire between the 0.1mm thickness of utmost point low power element.Is the element of the 2.2kW of 230V for being generally used for valuation at effective value, and whole resistance of resistance wire 20 approximately are 24 ohm.
One end of resistance wire 20 is attached to the sub-member 8 of single foot that passes sealing plug 4 extensions at an end of element.The other end of resistance wire 20 is attached to the tubular terminal member 12 that passes another sealing plug 6 at the other end of element.Can more clearly observe in Fig. 3, the terminal component 14 that passes tubular terminal member 12 coaxially has the head 22 in the expansion of its far-end.The head 22 that enlarges has been realized contacting with the further of resistance wire 20 at the INTRM intermediate point along its length from coil inside.For example, being connected of terminal conductor head part 22 and resistance wire 20 can be position apart from the contact point of tubular shape conductor 12 along resistance wire length 4%.For the effective value of crossing over the resistance wire two ends is the AC power of 230V, promptly crosses over terminal 8 and 14, and the peak value (effective value RMS is 9.2V) of crossing over two left end terminal 12,14 about 13V can be provided.
In Fig. 4, shown second embodiment of the present invention.Similar with Fig. 2, this figure has omitted external aluminium big envelope and dielectric.Being electrically connected lappet also omits.This embodiment is different from Fig. 2 part and is, be alternative in the middle mode that adopts the head that enlarges that is connected with intermediate terminal member 14 ', intermediate terminal member 14 ' is simple column pin, and the coil diameter of resistance wire 20 ' reduces near the end of intermediate terminal member 14 ' partly, in order to produce contact between them.In addition, the element of present embodiment is identical with aforesaid embodiment on function.
Fig. 5 has shown the basic circuit diagram according to one of the heating element in the equipment of the present invention possible execution mode.The live wire (live) and zero line (neutral) electrode 24,26 that have shown the mains supply of this equipment at the left end of figure.This can be powered by the plug that is inserted into the socket on the wall or be powered by the wireless electrical cnnector such as applicant's P72360 ° of cordless connector (having the cordless base that is connected to the socket on the wall) usually by rubber-insulated wire (flex) terminal.Two groups of switch contacts 28,30 are provided, on the electrode separately of power supply, respectively have one in order to fully to cut off mains supply.For example, wherein a kind of the providing of the U18 series base plate formula heater control that this can be by the applicant, two main electrodes of its operation in order to cut off the electricity supply when the overheated heater that is associated are for example because the heater device of fetching boiling water when anhydrous or when dryouting.
The intermediate terminal of element 14 and bridge rectifier are provided with a node of 34 and are connected.Relative node is connected to zero wire electrode 26, and this makes two other node of bridge rectifier 34 that positive direct current rail 36 and 0V electricity rail is provided as known in the art.Between positive and 0V electricity rail 36,40, provide electrolysis filter capacitor 42, in order to equally as known in the art the full-wave rectified voltage by it is carried out filtering.Bridge rectifier 34 and filter capacitor 42 provide the DC power supply 38 of the voltage lower than the mains input voltage together.As previously described, the virtual voltage between positive and 0V electricity rail 36,40 depend on intermediate terminal member 14 be along resistance wire 20 how far locate connect.Circuit element 44 can be any module or the subsystem by DC power supply.For example, can be demonstration, illumination, alarm or other function that is associated with the operation of firing equipment.
This embodiment has shown such example equally, and but promptly how utilizing needs AC power the voltage such circuit element lower than mains supply, such as pump 46.As illustrated in here, use a set of contact 48 in order to open or close pump 46.For example, contact 48 can be the relay of control section DC circuit element 44.Certainly, can use the DC power supply part of or other or alternating current circuit element independently and need not to depend on the requirement of particular device.
In the embodiment of the invention described above, can observe, provide the power supply that is lower than principal voltage can auxiliary system being powered by the intermediate terminal on the heating element, and big and heavy transformer is provided when need not the situation of the voltage source that reduces at needs as usually again.This allows more feature and function with compact and have cost-benefit mode and be incorporated in the electric equipment that has comprised the clad type heating element.
Claims (15)
1. electric liquid heating apparatus comprises:
The clad type stratie, described element comprises one section resistance wire, a pair of electric terminal, described a pair of electric terminal is connected in order to described element is connected to mains supply with the respective end of described one section resistance wire, and additional electrical terminal, described additional electrical terminal is connected to the centre at the described two ends of described resistance wire, and be set to the power supply that another part to this equipment provides the voltage lower than mains supply, wherein this electric equipment comprises accessory or the subsystem by described LVPS power supply.
2. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein this equipment comprises the connector that electrically is connected to described LVPS, described connector allows external equipment to be connected to this equipment.
3. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said heating element are arranged in this equipment to add hot water.
4. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said disposition of heating component and be set to the water in this equipment is heated to boiling.
5. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said LVPS comprises the device that is used for alternating voltage is converted to direct voltage.
6. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, wherein in big envelope, described resistance wire is rolled into coil, and uses the terminal component that longitudinal extension also in position is connected with resistance wire in resistance wire coil to make the connection that forms described intermediate terminal.
7. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said terminal component extend an end of element big envelope.
8. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said intermediate terminal member and one of them end terminal are coaxial.
9. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said end terminal be tubulose and have an intermediate terminal member that passes described end terminal.
10. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said intermediate terminal member comprises the head of expansion, contacts with the resistance wire that is rolled into coil in order to the inside from described coil.
11. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 6, the diameter that wherein reduces described resistance wire coil partly is in order to be connected with described intermediate terminal member.
12. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said clad type heating element are included in the end cap of sealing of arbitrary end of big envelope.
13. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said end terminal and described intermediate terminal extend by the end cap of described sealing.
14. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said clad type heating element has greater than 30W/cm
2Power density.
15. electric liquid heating apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said clad type heating element are set to remove in described resistance wire, described end terminal and the described intermediate terminal any one from described element big envelope.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0912199.7 | 2009-07-14 | ||
| GB0912199A GB0912199D0 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2009-07-14 | Electrical heating elements |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101959337A CN101959337A (en) | 2011-01-26 |
| CN101959337B true CN101959337B (en) | 2013-07-24 |
Family
ID=41057915
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010226166 Expired - Fee Related CN101959337B (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2010-07-14 | Electrical heating elements |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2276325B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101959337B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB0912199D0 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4039996A (en) * | 1976-05-04 | 1977-08-02 | Emerson Electric Co. | Electric heating elements |
| US4697069A (en) * | 1983-08-22 | 1987-09-29 | Ingo Bleckmann | Tubular heater with an overload safety means |
| CN2187227Y (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-01-11 | 镇江南方电焊设备厂 | Electric heater for steam turbine bolt |
| DE29617005U1 (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1998-01-29 | Elpag Ag Chur, Chur | Tubular heating element with heating coil fuse |
| CN2500061Y (en) * | 2000-07-24 | 2002-07-10 | 施特里克斯有限公司 | Electric heating element with sheath |
-
2009
- 2009-07-14 GB GB0912199A patent/GB0912199D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-07-14 EP EP20100251263 patent/EP2276325B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-07-14 CN CN 201010226166 patent/CN101959337B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4039996A (en) * | 1976-05-04 | 1977-08-02 | Emerson Electric Co. | Electric heating elements |
| US4697069A (en) * | 1983-08-22 | 1987-09-29 | Ingo Bleckmann | Tubular heater with an overload safety means |
| CN2187227Y (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-01-11 | 镇江南方电焊设备厂 | Electric heater for steam turbine bolt |
| DE29617005U1 (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1998-01-29 | Elpag Ag Chur, Chur | Tubular heating element with heating coil fuse |
| CN2500061Y (en) * | 2000-07-24 | 2002-07-10 | 施特里克斯有限公司 | Electric heating element with sheath |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2276325B1 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
| GB0912199D0 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
| CN101959337A (en) | 2011-01-26 |
| EP2276325A1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130724 Termination date: 20190714 |