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CN101953290A - Pear tree water culturing method - Google Patents

Pear tree water culturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101953290A
CN101953290A CN2010102831622A CN201010283162A CN101953290A CN 101953290 A CN101953290 A CN 101953290A CN 2010102831622 A CN2010102831622 A CN 2010102831622A CN 201010283162 A CN201010283162 A CN 201010283162A CN 101953290 A CN101953290 A CN 101953290A
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nutrient solution
pear
hydroponic
pear tree
seedlings
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CN101953290B (en
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张绍铃
王纪忠
吴俊�
吴华清
陶书田
齐开杰
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明是一种梨树水培方法,属于植物生产技术领域。包括以下四个步骤:(1)苗木的选择:选用生产上使用的梨树1年生或2年生嫁接苗,要求粗细一致,长势均匀;(2)水培营养液配方的确定:6mM KNO3,4mM Ca(NO3)2,2mM NH4H2PO4,1mM MgSO4,50μM KCl,10μM H3BO3,2μM MnSO4,2μM ZnSO4,0.5μM CuSO4,0.065μM (NH4)6Mo7O24,50μM Fe-EDTA;(3)水培容器的选择;(4)培养过程中的通气与营养液的更换。应用本发明方法进行无土栽培的梨树具有根系生长快、发育好、易成活及树体生长健壮等优点。

Figure 201010283162

The invention relates to a pear tree hydroponics method, which belongs to the technical field of plant production. Including the following four steps: (1) selection of seedlings: select 1-year-old or 2-year-old pear tree grafted seedlings used in production, requiring uniform thickness and uniform growth; (2) determination of hydroponic nutrient solution formula: 6mM KNO 3 , 4 mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , 2 mM NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , 1 mM MgSO 4 , 50 μM KCl, 10 μM H 3 BO 3 , 2 μM MnSO 4 , 2 μM ZnSO 4 , 0.5 μM CuSO 4 , 0.065 μM (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 , 50μM Fe-EDTA; (3) Selection of hydroponic container; (4) Aeration and replacement of nutrient solution during the cultivation process. The pear tree applied to the soilless cultivation by the method of the invention has the advantages of fast root growth, good development, easy survival, strong growth of the tree body, and the like.

Figure 201010283162

Description

The pear tree ciltivating process
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pear tree ciltivating process, utilize formula nutritional liquid to carry out the pear tree soilless culture, pear tree can be taken root rapidly in nutrient solution, normal growth is grown, and belongs to plant cultivation and field of ecology.
Two, background technology
Functions such as that the root system of fruit tree has is fixing, absorption, transportation and storage, flourishing root system is the basis that the fruit tree normal growth is grown.The fruit tree of well developed root system, stalwartness, its tree bulk-growth is also in great numbers, usually overground part and the underground part of fruit tree are to pin down mutually, mutual restriction, mutually promote, therefore, research fruit tree root system to grow and moisture, nutrient absorbing are utilized characteristics be one of emphasis problem of fruit growing physiological field all the time.But, since usually the fruit tree root growth in soil, and distribute dark, scope is wide, cause the observational study of root growth and development characteristic made troubles, difficulty more when particularly getting radicula or root hair; Simultaneously because the soil constituent complexity, not only contain a large amount of organic matters and mineral nutrition, and also have miscellaneous microorganism and biological activity of soil material etc., therefore, give the characteristic and root system absorbs and the characteristic of the nutrient that turns round etc. is brought difficulty of growing of further investigation fruit tree root system.Utilizing formula nutritional liquid to carry out soilless culture is exactly according to the pear tree necessary element characteristics of growing, various nutritive elements are carried out reasonable proportioning, make corresponding nutrient solution, and the environmental condition of simulation root growth, make a kind of cultivation method that pear tree can normal growth in solution.Not having native water culture can artificially control because of its environmental condition, fruit tree is grown in the best environmental condition always, so fruit tree takes root soon, growing way is even, thereby, establish good basis for further investigation growth and development of fruit tree rule and with the relation of the environmental condition of being grown, trophic level.It is more common in the annual herb crop not have native water culture, and the perennial woody plant is because the relative difficult of taking root, the tree body reason such as is difficult to fix more greatly and causes not easy-to-use no native water culture to cultivate, and this also is also not have perennial woody fruit tree such as pear tree not have the reason of any report of native water planting up to now.Given this, characteristics that we grow according to pears and to the requirement of ecological condition, by the required various conditions of simulation pear tree growth, the pear tree water culture has been invented in research.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem the purpose of this invention is to provide the pear tree cultivation technique without soil, and the pears seedling can be taken root in water nutrition liquid, and normal growth is grown.When research pear tree root system growth and development characteristics, the pear tree that in soil, grows, in the sampling process radicula particularly the root hair be easy to injured fractureing, thereby be difficult to obtain complete root system, have influence on the accuracy of result of study, and water culture is grown in the aqueous solution because of root system, just can avoid this problem during sampling, growing and provide technical method with the relation of ecological condition of being grown and trophic level etc. for the further investigation pear tree.
Technical scheme the invention provides a kind of pear tree cultivation technique without soil, and pear tree does not need soil can finish life cycle.Concrete steps are as follows:
1) screening of pears treelet
Select for use to produce and go up life in 1 year or 2 years living graftings of using, stock is a birch-leaf pear, and kind is a cultivar.Seedling quality requires: the rugosity of above 10 centimeters of grafting mouth is more than the 0.8cm, more than the seedling height 100cm, and long about 20 centimetres of axial root system, 5 of lateral roots, growing way is even.Before the pears seedling water planting, stay 40~50cm to carry out cutting back, simultaneously root system is pruned, main root keeps 10-12cm, places standby.
2) mill water culture nutrient solution prescription and compound method
The prescription of pear tree nutrient solution: 6mM KNO 3, 4mM Ca (NO 3) 2, 2mM NH 4H 2PO 4, 1mM MgSO4,50 μ M KCl, 10 μ M H 3BO 3, 2 μ M MnSO 4, 2 μ M ZnSO 4, 0.5 μ M CuSO 4, 0.065 μ M (NH 4) 6Mo 7O 24, 50 μ M Fe-EDTA.
The compound method of nutrient solution: take by weighing KNO respectively 318.20g, Ca (NO 3) 228.34g, NH 4H 2PO 46.90g, MgSO 43.62g, KCl 111.90mg, H 3BO 318.45mg, MnSO 49.06mg, ZnSO 49.687mg, CuSO 43.75mg, (NH 4) 6Mo 7O 242.41mg Fe-EDTA 561.39mg is made into 1L solution with deionized water, is dissolved in the 30L water planting liquid.
3) water planting container selection
Adopt black polyester nutrition case.Long: wide: height=80cm: 60cm: 40cm.Case lid adopts cystosepiment to make.The hole that each case lid bores 5 diameter 2.5cm is used for fixing the pears seedling, and the hole that two diameters are 0.5cm is used for ventilation.With power is that the electronic ventilation pump of 200W is ventilated, and a ventilation pump connects 10 flexible pipes, and what the flexible pipe other end was installed ventilation crosses the filter sand head.
4) manage after the field planting of pears seedling
Pears seedling in the step 1 is colonizated in the water planting case that contains nutrient solution.Contain the 30L nutrient solution in each water planting case, nutrient solution pH=7.0, timely extra-nutrition liquid in incubation is every 1h ventilation 15min.Change one time of nutrition liquid every 10d.
Beneficial effect
Good effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention has realized the pear tree soilless culture first, and pear tree can be grown by normal growth in formula nutritional liquid.This invention is for carrying out fruit tree cultivation technique without soil research, and particularly pear tree is to the absorption running of mineral nutrition with utilize the researchs such as formation mechanism of characteristic, pear tree root system to have theory significance and practical value.
(2) use method of the present invention, can promote the pear tree root system to take place and morphogenesis, mitogenetic and growth for further investigation pears root system, root system turns round to the absorption of nutrient and moisture and utilizes characteristics, and the Physiology and biochemistry change procedure in the physiological change of root hair internal substance and the root system cell division regenerative process lays the foundation.
(3) the present invention is based on the working foundation to characteristic research such as the sprouting of pear tree root system, the physiological and biochemical procedure of growing and rules thereof.People have grasped the characteristic that the pears root system is sprouted, and utilize this research control and promote root growth, can serve production of fruit trees.
(4) the root system development quality is the key factor of decision pears seedling quality.Pear tree belongs to the difficulty seeds that take root, it is slow particularly to take root after the field planting of land for growing field crops pear tree, has influence on the growth of pear tree and the formation of tree crown, uses the present invention and can promote that pear tree takes root fast, promote the underground part growth, thereby can absorb the needs that enough nutrients are grown with top shoot and leaf growth contentedly.Simultaneously, use the present invention, to carrying out field planting behind the short root of pears seedling, can guarantee the survival rate of nursery stock, make nursery stock neat, reduce the loss that causes owing to being short of seedling, help utilization to daylight, soil, moisture and nutritional condition, thus guiding agricultural production better.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 pear tree water planting flow chart.
Fig. 2 pear tree water planting schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 pear tree root system in incubator is sprouted situation.
Fig. 4 pear tree water planting seedling and the contrast of land for growing field crops seedling.
Five, embodiment
Root system is the basis of fruit tree growth, growth.Root system is stablized stalwartness and is then set the stable stalwartness of body, and it and tree body pin down mutual restriction mutually.Use the present invention, pear tree is taken root fast, Root morphology is intact, helps the research to the pears root system.Its specific operation process is as follows:
(1) screening of pears treelet
Select for use to produce and go up life in 1 year or 2 years living graftings of using, stock is a birch-leaf pear, and kind is common cultivar in producing (the present invention is a material with kingfisher hat pears).Seedling quality requires: the rugosity of above 10 centimeters of grafting mouth is more than the 0.8cm, more than the seedling height 100cm, and long about 20 centimetres of axial root system, 5 of lateral roots, growing way is even.Before the pears seedling water planting, stay 40cm to carry out cutting back, simultaneously root system is pruned, main root keeps 10-12cm, places standby.
(2) mill water culture nutrient solution prescription and compound method
The prescription of pear tree nutrient solution: 6mM KNO 3, 4mM Ca (NO 3) 2, 2mM NH 4H 2PO 4, 1mM MgSO4,50 μ M KCl, 10 μ M H 3BO 3, 2 μ M MnSO 4, 2 μ M ZnSO 4, 0.5 μ M CuSO 4, 0.065 μ M (NH 4) 6Mo 7O 24, 50 μ M Fe-EDTA.
The compound method of nutrient solution: take by weighing KNO respectively 318.20g, Ca (NO 3) 228.34g, NH 4H 2PO 46.90g, MgSO 43.62g, KCl 111.90mg, H 3BO 318.45mg, MnSO 49.06mg, ZnSO 49.687mg, CuSO 43.75mg, (NH 4) 6Mo 7O 242.41mg Fe-EDTA 561.39mg is made into 1L solution with deionized water, is dissolved in the 30L water planting liquid.
(3) water planting container selection
Adopt dark polyester nutrition case.Long: wide: height=80cm: 60cm: 40cm.Case lid adopts cystosepiment to make.The hole that each case lid bores 5 diameter 2.5cm is used for fixing the pears seedling, and the hole that two diameters are 0.5cm is used for ventilation.With power is that the electronic ventilation pump of 200W is ventilated, and a ventilation pump connects 10 flexible pipes, and what the flexible pipe other end was installed ventilation crosses the filter sand head.
(4) manage after the field planting of pears seedling
Pears seedling in the step 1 is colonizated in the water planting case that contains nutrient solution.Contain the 30L nutrient solution in each water planting case, nutrient solution pH=7.0, timely extra-nutrition liquid in incubation is every 1h ventilation 15min.Change one time of nutrition liquid every 10d.Cultivate the new root in a week back and begin to sprout, upper blade begins to sprout, Zhan Ye, and with the prolongation of incubation time, root volume strengthens, well developed root system, and mounted blade, and take out living branch, specifically see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.

Claims (1)

1.梨树水培方法,主要包含下列步骤:1. The pear tree hydroponic method mainly comprises the following steps: 1)梨幼树的筛选1) Screening of pear saplings 选用生产上使用的1年生或2年生嫁接苗,砧木为杜梨,品种为栽培品种,苗木质量要求:嫁接口以上10厘米处的粗度为0.8cm以上,苗木高度100cm以上,主根系长15-20厘米,侧根5个,梨苗水培前,留40~50cm进行短截,同时对根系进行修剪,主根保留10-12cm,放置备用;Select the 1-year-old or 2-year-old grafted seedlings used in production, the rootstock is Duli pear, the variety is a cultivated variety, and the seedling quality requirements: the thickness of the 10 cm above the grafting interface is more than 0.8 cm, the height of the seedlings is more than 100 cm, and the main root system is 15 cm long. -20 cm, 5 lateral roots. Before hydroponic cultivation, leave 40-50 cm for pruning, and trim the root system at the same time. Keep 10-12 cm for the main root and store it for later use; 2)水培营养液配方与配制方法2) Hydroponic nutrient solution formula and preparation method 梨树无土水培营养液的配方:6mM KNO3,4mM Ca(NO3)2,2mM NH4H2PO4,1mMMgSO4,50μM KCl,10μM H3BO3,2μM MnSO4,2μM ZnSO4,0.5μM CuSO4,0.065μM(NH4)6Mo7O24,50μM Fe-EDTA;The formula of pear tree soilless hydroponic nutrient solution: 6mM KNO 3 , 4mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , 2mM NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , 1mMMgSO 4 , 50μM KCl, 10μM H 3 BO 3 , 2μM MnSO 4 , 2μM ZnSO 4 , 0.5 μM CuSO 4 , 0.065 μM (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 , 50 μM Fe-EDTA; 营养液的配制方法:分别称取KNO3 18.20g,Ca(NO3)2 28.34g,NH4H2PO4 6.90g,MgSO4 3.62g,KCl 111.90mg,H3BO3 18.45mg,MnSO4 9.06mg,ZnSO4 9.687mg,CuSO43.75mg,(NH4)6Mo7O24 2.41mg,Fe-EDTA 561.39mg,用去离子水配成1L溶液,溶解于30L营养液;Preparation method of nutrient solution: weigh KNO 3 18.20g, Ca(NO 3 ) 2 28.34g, NH 4 H 2 PO 4 6.90g, MgSO 4 3.62g, KCl 111.90mg, H 3 BO 3 18.45mg, MnSO 4 9.06mg, ZnSO 4 9.687mg, CuSO 4 3.75mg, (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 2.41mg, Fe-EDTA 561.39mg, made 1L solution with deionized water, dissolved in 30L nutrient solution; 3)水培容器的选择3) Selection of hydroponic containers 采用深色聚酯营养箱,长∶宽∶高=80cm∶60cm∶40cm,箱盖采用泡沫板制作,每个箱盖钻5个直径2.5cm的孔用来固定梨苗,两个直径为0.5cm的孔用来通气,用功率为200W的电动通气泵进行通气,一个通气泵连接10个软管,软管另一端安装通气的过滤砂头;Adopt dark polyester nutrition box, length: width: height = 80cm: 60cm: 40cm, the box cover is made of foam board, and each box cover drills 5 holes with a diameter of 2.5cm to fix the pear seedlings, two with a diameter of 0.5cm The hole of cm is used for ventilation, and the electric ventilation pump with a power of 200W is used for ventilation. One ventilation pump is connected to 10 hoses, and the other end of the hose is installed with a filter sand head for ventilation; 4)梨苗定植后管理4) Management after planting of pear seedlings 将步骤1)中的梨苗定植于含有营养液的水培箱中,每个水培箱中含30L营养液,营养液pH=7.0,在培养过程中及时补充营养液,每隔1h通气15min,每隔10d更换一次营养液。Plant the pear seedlings in step 1) in hydroponic tanks containing nutrient solution. Each hydroponic tank contains 30L of nutrient solution, and the pH of the nutrient solution is 7.0. During the cultivation process, the nutrient solution is replenished in time and ventilated for 15 minutes every 1h. , replace the nutrient solution every 10d.
CN2010102831622A 2010-09-16 2010-09-16 Pear tree water culturing method Expired - Fee Related CN101953290B (en)

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CN102960227A (en) * 2012-12-10 2013-03-13 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 Water planting method for cotton
CN103385172A (en) * 2013-07-16 2013-11-13 句容市春来早果品专业合作社 A rooting culture medium for pear planting
CN104106450A (en) * 2014-06-10 2014-10-22 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 Method for obtaining pollen by isolated culturing of pear branches
CN104412814A (en) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-18 浙江省农业科学院 Cutting propagation method of aronia melanocarpa elliot
CN104982311A (en) * 2015-06-12 2015-10-21 淮阴工学院 Soilless cultivation method of promoting rapid rooting of strawberry
CN105104080A (en) * 2015-08-25 2015-12-02 钱夕华 Low-concentration IBA and glycerin jelly root dip method
CN105104085A (en) * 2015-08-25 2015-12-02 钱家静 Method for dipping roots in high-concentration 2,4-D and glycerol gel
CN105104077A (en) * 2015-08-25 2015-12-02 钱夕刚 Medium-concentration IAA and glycerol gel root dipping method
CN105104078A (en) * 2015-08-25 2015-12-02 钱夕华 High-concentration IBA and glycerogel root soaking method
CN106508645A (en) * 2016-11-07 2017-03-22 山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心 Pretreatment method for carbon stable isotope detection of plant sample and application
CN106866271A (en) * 2017-03-27 2017-06-20 湖南正清制药集团股份有限公司 A kind of nutrient solution of promotion caulis sinomenii seedling root growth
CN107548826A (en) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-09 镇江市丹徒区荣炳南岗山蔬菜专业合作社 A kind of pear tree high efficiency seedling cultivating method
CN108668870A (en) * 2018-05-25 2018-10-19 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 A kind of north high-yield pear cultivation method
CN110959513A (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-07 河北农业大学 Novel water culture method for improving transplanting survival rate of tissue culture seedlings of pyrus betulaefolia
CN114158471A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-11 西北农林科技大学 Method for rapid rooting and root growth promotion of malus plants in water culture

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
《果树学报》 20100228 齐开杰等 钙对爱宕与喜水梨幼苗不同部位矿质元素含量的影响 全文 1 第27卷, 第2期 2 *

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CN102960227A (en) * 2012-12-10 2013-03-13 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 Water planting method for cotton
CN103385172A (en) * 2013-07-16 2013-11-13 句容市春来早果品专业合作社 A rooting culture medium for pear planting
CN104412814A (en) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-18 浙江省农业科学院 Cutting propagation method of aronia melanocarpa elliot
CN104106450A (en) * 2014-06-10 2014-10-22 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 Method for obtaining pollen by isolated culturing of pear branches
CN104106450B (en) * 2014-06-10 2016-03-16 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 A kind of cultured in vitro pear tree branch obtains the method for pollen
CN104982311A (en) * 2015-06-12 2015-10-21 淮阴工学院 Soilless cultivation method of promoting rapid rooting of strawberry
CN105104078A (en) * 2015-08-25 2015-12-02 钱夕华 High-concentration IBA and glycerogel root soaking method
CN105104077A (en) * 2015-08-25 2015-12-02 钱夕刚 Medium-concentration IAA and glycerol gel root dipping method
CN105104085A (en) * 2015-08-25 2015-12-02 钱家静 Method for dipping roots in high-concentration 2,4-D and glycerol gel
CN105104080A (en) * 2015-08-25 2015-12-02 钱夕华 Low-concentration IBA and glycerin jelly root dip method
CN107548826A (en) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-09 镇江市丹徒区荣炳南岗山蔬菜专业合作社 A kind of pear tree high efficiency seedling cultivating method
CN106508645A (en) * 2016-11-07 2017-03-22 山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心 Pretreatment method for carbon stable isotope detection of plant sample and application
CN106508645B (en) * 2016-11-07 2019-07-05 山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心 A kind of pre-treating method and application for carbon stable isotope detection plant sample
CN106866271A (en) * 2017-03-27 2017-06-20 湖南正清制药集团股份有限公司 A kind of nutrient solution of promotion caulis sinomenii seedling root growth
CN108668870A (en) * 2018-05-25 2018-10-19 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 A kind of north high-yield pear cultivation method
CN108668870B (en) * 2018-05-25 2020-07-31 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 High-yield cultivation method for northern pear trees
CN110959513A (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-07 河北农业大学 Novel water culture method for improving transplanting survival rate of tissue culture seedlings of pyrus betulaefolia
CN114158471A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-11 西北农林科技大学 Method for rapid rooting and root growth promotion of malus plants in water culture

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