The pear tree ciltivating process
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pear tree ciltivating process, utilize formula nutritional liquid to carry out the pear tree soilless culture, pear tree can be taken root rapidly in nutrient solution, normal growth is grown, and belongs to plant cultivation and field of ecology.
Two, background technology
Functions such as that the root system of fruit tree has is fixing, absorption, transportation and storage, flourishing root system is the basis that the fruit tree normal growth is grown.The fruit tree of well developed root system, stalwartness, its tree bulk-growth is also in great numbers, usually overground part and the underground part of fruit tree are to pin down mutually, mutual restriction, mutually promote, therefore, research fruit tree root system to grow and moisture, nutrient absorbing are utilized characteristics be one of emphasis problem of fruit growing physiological field all the time.But, since usually the fruit tree root growth in soil, and distribute dark, scope is wide, cause the observational study of root growth and development characteristic made troubles, difficulty more when particularly getting radicula or root hair; Simultaneously because the soil constituent complexity, not only contain a large amount of organic matters and mineral nutrition, and also have miscellaneous microorganism and biological activity of soil material etc., therefore, give the characteristic and root system absorbs and the characteristic of the nutrient that turns round etc. is brought difficulty of growing of further investigation fruit tree root system.Utilizing formula nutritional liquid to carry out soilless culture is exactly according to the pear tree necessary element characteristics of growing, various nutritive elements are carried out reasonable proportioning, make corresponding nutrient solution, and the environmental condition of simulation root growth, make a kind of cultivation method that pear tree can normal growth in solution.Not having native water culture can artificially control because of its environmental condition, fruit tree is grown in the best environmental condition always, so fruit tree takes root soon, growing way is even, thereby, establish good basis for further investigation growth and development of fruit tree rule and with the relation of the environmental condition of being grown, trophic level.It is more common in the annual herb crop not have native water culture, and the perennial woody plant is because the relative difficult of taking root, the tree body reason such as is difficult to fix more greatly and causes not easy-to-use no native water culture to cultivate, and this also is also not have perennial woody fruit tree such as pear tree not have the reason of any report of native water planting up to now.Given this, characteristics that we grow according to pears and to the requirement of ecological condition, by the required various conditions of simulation pear tree growth, the pear tree water culture has been invented in research.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem the purpose of this invention is to provide the pear tree cultivation technique without soil, and the pears seedling can be taken root in water nutrition liquid, and normal growth is grown.When research pear tree root system growth and development characteristics, the pear tree that in soil, grows, in the sampling process radicula particularly the root hair be easy to injured fractureing, thereby be difficult to obtain complete root system, have influence on the accuracy of result of study, and water culture is grown in the aqueous solution because of root system, just can avoid this problem during sampling, growing and provide technical method with the relation of ecological condition of being grown and trophic level etc. for the further investigation pear tree.
Technical scheme the invention provides a kind of pear tree cultivation technique without soil, and pear tree does not need soil can finish life cycle.Concrete steps are as follows:
1) screening of pears treelet
Select for use to produce and go up life in 1 year or 2 years living graftings of using, stock is a birch-leaf pear, and kind is a cultivar.Seedling quality requires: the rugosity of above 10 centimeters of grafting mouth is more than the 0.8cm, more than the seedling height 100cm, and long about 20 centimetres of axial root system, 5 of lateral roots, growing way is even.Before the pears seedling water planting, stay 40~50cm to carry out cutting back, simultaneously root system is pruned, main root keeps 10-12cm, places standby.
2) mill water culture nutrient solution prescription and compound method
The prescription of pear tree nutrient solution: 6mM KNO
3, 4mM Ca (NO
3)
2, 2mM NH
4H
2PO
4, 1mM MgSO4,50 μ M KCl, 10 μ M H
3BO
3, 2 μ M MnSO
4, 2 μ M ZnSO
4, 0.5 μ M CuSO
4, 0.065 μ M (NH
4)
6Mo
7O
24, 50 μ M Fe-EDTA.
The compound method of nutrient solution: take by weighing KNO respectively
318.20g, Ca (NO
3)
228.34g, NH
4H
2PO
46.90g, MgSO
43.62g, KCl 111.90mg, H
3BO
318.45mg, MnSO
49.06mg, ZnSO
49.687mg, CuSO
43.75mg, (NH
4)
6Mo
7O
242.41mg Fe-EDTA 561.39mg is made into 1L solution with deionized water, is dissolved in the 30L water planting liquid.
3) water planting container selection
Adopt black polyester nutrition case.Long: wide: height=80cm: 60cm: 40cm.Case lid adopts cystosepiment to make.The hole that each case lid bores 5 diameter 2.5cm is used for fixing the pears seedling, and the hole that two diameters are 0.5cm is used for ventilation.With power is that the electronic ventilation pump of 200W is ventilated, and a ventilation pump connects 10 flexible pipes, and what the flexible pipe other end was installed ventilation crosses the filter sand head.
4) manage after the field planting of pears seedling
Pears seedling in the step 1 is colonizated in the water planting case that contains nutrient solution.Contain the 30L nutrient solution in each water planting case, nutrient solution pH=7.0, timely extra-nutrition liquid in incubation is every 1h ventilation 15min.Change one time of nutrition liquid every 10d.
Beneficial effect
Good effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention has realized the pear tree soilless culture first, and pear tree can be grown by normal growth in formula nutritional liquid.This invention is for carrying out fruit tree cultivation technique without soil research, and particularly pear tree is to the absorption running of mineral nutrition with utilize the researchs such as formation mechanism of characteristic, pear tree root system to have theory significance and practical value.
(2) use method of the present invention, can promote the pear tree root system to take place and morphogenesis, mitogenetic and growth for further investigation pears root system, root system turns round to the absorption of nutrient and moisture and utilizes characteristics, and the Physiology and biochemistry change procedure in the physiological change of root hair internal substance and the root system cell division regenerative process lays the foundation.
(3) the present invention is based on the working foundation to characteristic research such as the sprouting of pear tree root system, the physiological and biochemical procedure of growing and rules thereof.People have grasped the characteristic that the pears root system is sprouted, and utilize this research control and promote root growth, can serve production of fruit trees.
(4) the root system development quality is the key factor of decision pears seedling quality.Pear tree belongs to the difficulty seeds that take root, it is slow particularly to take root after the field planting of land for growing field crops pear tree, has influence on the growth of pear tree and the formation of tree crown, uses the present invention and can promote that pear tree takes root fast, promote the underground part growth, thereby can absorb the needs that enough nutrients are grown with top shoot and leaf growth contentedly.Simultaneously, use the present invention, to carrying out field planting behind the short root of pears seedling, can guarantee the survival rate of nursery stock, make nursery stock neat, reduce the loss that causes owing to being short of seedling, help utilization to daylight, soil, moisture and nutritional condition, thus guiding agricultural production better.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 pear tree water planting flow chart.
Fig. 2 pear tree water planting schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 pear tree root system in incubator is sprouted situation.
Fig. 4 pear tree water planting seedling and the contrast of land for growing field crops seedling.
Five, embodiment
Root system is the basis of fruit tree growth, growth.Root system is stablized stalwartness and is then set the stable stalwartness of body, and it and tree body pin down mutual restriction mutually.Use the present invention, pear tree is taken root fast, Root morphology is intact, helps the research to the pears root system.Its specific operation process is as follows:
(1) screening of pears treelet
Select for use to produce and go up life in 1 year or 2 years living graftings of using, stock is a birch-leaf pear, and kind is common cultivar in producing (the present invention is a material with kingfisher hat pears).Seedling quality requires: the rugosity of above 10 centimeters of grafting mouth is more than the 0.8cm, more than the seedling height 100cm, and long about 20 centimetres of axial root system, 5 of lateral roots, growing way is even.Before the pears seedling water planting, stay 40cm to carry out cutting back, simultaneously root system is pruned, main root keeps 10-12cm, places standby.
(2) mill water culture nutrient solution prescription and compound method
The prescription of pear tree nutrient solution: 6mM KNO
3, 4mM Ca (NO
3)
2, 2mM NH
4H
2PO
4, 1mM MgSO4,50 μ M KCl, 10 μ M H
3BO
3, 2 μ M MnSO
4, 2 μ M ZnSO
4, 0.5 μ M CuSO
4, 0.065 μ M (NH
4)
6Mo
7O
24, 50 μ M Fe-EDTA.
The compound method of nutrient solution: take by weighing KNO respectively
318.20g, Ca (NO
3)
228.34g, NH
4H
2PO
46.90g, MgSO
43.62g, KCl 111.90mg, H
3BO
318.45mg, MnSO
49.06mg, ZnSO
49.687mg, CuSO
43.75mg, (NH
4)
6Mo
7O
242.41mg Fe-EDTA 561.39mg is made into 1L solution with deionized water, is dissolved in the 30L water planting liquid.
(3) water planting container selection
Adopt dark polyester nutrition case.Long: wide: height=80cm: 60cm: 40cm.Case lid adopts cystosepiment to make.The hole that each case lid bores 5 diameter 2.5cm is used for fixing the pears seedling, and the hole that two diameters are 0.5cm is used for ventilation.With power is that the electronic ventilation pump of 200W is ventilated, and a ventilation pump connects 10 flexible pipes, and what the flexible pipe other end was installed ventilation crosses the filter sand head.
(4) manage after the field planting of pears seedling
Pears seedling in the step 1 is colonizated in the water planting case that contains nutrient solution.Contain the 30L nutrient solution in each water planting case, nutrient solution pH=7.0, timely extra-nutrition liquid in incubation is every 1h ventilation 15min.Change one time of nutrition liquid every 10d.Cultivate the new root in a week back and begin to sprout, upper blade begins to sprout, Zhan Ye, and with the prolongation of incubation time, root volume strengthens, well developed root system, and mounted blade, and take out living branch, specifically see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.