CN101947648B - Production method of large zirconium and zirconium alloy castings - Google Patents
Production method of large zirconium and zirconium alloy castings Download PDFInfo
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- CN101947648B CN101947648B CN2010105293585A CN201010529358A CN101947648B CN 101947648 B CN101947648 B CN 101947648B CN 2010105293585 A CN2010105293585 A CN 2010105293585A CN 201010529358 A CN201010529358 A CN 201010529358A CN 101947648 B CN101947648 B CN 101947648B
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007531 graphite casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 zirconium metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing large zirconium and zirconium alloy castings. The method is used for organically processing graphite mold casting and investment precision casting by using an active nonferrous metal casting process method. At present, no relevant report of casting process methods suitable for large zirconium and zirconium alloy castings exists. The invention aims to develop a production method of large zirconium and zirconium alloy castings with high quality; the method comprises the following steps: (1) machining and preparing a graphite casting mold; (2) preparing ceramic layer paint; (3) coating the surface of the mold core; (4) curing and vacuum degassing; (5) smelting and pouring in a vacuum consumable electrode skull furnace. The application and the advantages are as follows: the method is suitable for casting zirconium and zirconium alloy; the method is suitable for large zirconium and zirconium alloy castings with the weight of the castings exceeding 500 kg; the surface of the casting has no cold shut and has high finish, and the thickness of the contamination layer of the casting is small; the process is simple and the raw material source is wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of producing zirconium and zircaloy foundry goods, the production method of particularly a kind of zirconium and zircaloy heavy castings.
Technical background
Zirconium and zircaloy are a kind of relatively more expensive metal materials, in many strong corrosive mediums, have very excellent decay resistance, and the favorable mechanical performance is arranged.At present, the zirconium material has obtained using very widely as a kind of special resistant material, and especially in the reduction acid medium of high concentration high-temperature, the zirconium material is the preferred material that chemical industry equipment is made.Zirconium material fusing point is high, and thermal conductivity is lower, and linear expansion coefficient is less.Activity is very high during zirconium material high temperature, almost can chemical reaction in various degree take place with all refractory material, and the zirconium material is being very easy to and CO during high temperature
2, O
2, N
2And H
2Make the embrittlement of zirconium material cause equipment failure Deng gas generation chemical reaction.This makes the casting of zirconium and zircaloy must select the mold material of high chemical stability for use, guarantee zircaloy not with model generation chemical reaction, have less surface contamination layer.
At present, the organic processing graphite mold casting of casting technique, the precision-investment casting that can use of coloured active metal.The characteristics of machined graphite mold casting are that mould processing is simple and convenient, and mold strength is high, and thickness can be made according to design demand.But the fast liquid towards metal of graphite mould heat conduction has chilling action, forms cold shut easily and stays defective, especially heavy castings such as trace at cast(ing) surface, because that the long liquid metal temperature of filling time reduces is a lot, surperficial cold shut is bigger with the probability that stays trace to occur.Because model surface processing is coarse, cause foundry goods must stay bigger allowance to cause waste of material in addition.The characteristics of precision-investment casting are that surface quality of continuous castings is high, are suitable for the complex thin-wall foundry goods, but manufacture craft is comparatively complicated, and the thickness of making coating is limited, and is inapplicable for the cast of large-scale height and zircaloy foundry goods.
Look on the net from State Intellectual Property Office: application number is " a kind of process of producing zirconium and zircaloy pump, valve precision casting " patent of CN200910012462.4; Its technology employing fusible pattern ceramic shell hot investment casting and high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) method production zirconium and zircaloy pump, valve precision casting; The hot investment casting of fusible pattern ceramic shell is meant adopts the fusible pattern ceramic shell to carry out the near-net-shape casting of foundry goods in the vacuum consumable skull crucible; The fusible pattern ceramic shell is according to forming with the consistent wax pattern of the pump valve member geometry system of turning over; Two-layer type shell material is made up of extraordinary oxide before its inner surface, and whole shell is through pressing wax, coating, extension shell, taking off process procedure such as cured, roasting and process; High temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), be the foundry goods that will handle place airtight high pressure resistant with can be heated in the container of high temperature, vacuumize earlier and afterwards charge into high-pressure inert gas, heat temperature raising is to predetermined temperature.Briefly: this is to adopt investment precision casting technology casting zirconium and zircaloy pump valve foundry goods, for heavy castings, adopts the accurate die cast operation of fusible pattern more complicated, and difficulty is big, and coating generally will be coated with more than 30～40 layers, is difficult to realize.In addition, the hip treatment expense is very expensive, adopts the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) method to improve casting quality and makes cost increase several times even ten times.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides the production method of a kind of zirconium and zircaloy heavy castings to the problems referred to above.Realize that this technology can large-scale production go out zirconium and the zircaloy heavy castings of casting weight more than 500kg, reaches the surface roughness≤6.3mm that is produced, surface contamination layer≤0.05mm; Cast(ing) surface does not have cold shut, stays defectives such as trace and crackle.
The technical scheme of employing of the present invention is: the difficult point maximum for large-scale zirconium material cast casting is to select suitable mold material; Model should have good stability at elevated temperature and high surface smoothness to guarantee high surface quality of continuous castings and low processing capacity, has higher mold strength to bear the impact of a large amount of liquid zirconium metals again simultaneously.
The production method of a kind of zirconium and zircaloy heavy castings is characterized in that: its processing step:
(1) graphite casting mould machining preparation; Adopt the machining and the method for manual shovel system to be processed into graphite casting mould in graphited electrode graphite material according to the casting technique drawing;
(2) ceramic layer coating configuration; At normal temperatures and pressures, ceramic coating is by 200～300 purpose electric smelting Y
2O
3Powder 40%, yttrium colloidal sol 59%, surfactant JFC0.9%, antifoaming agent n-butanol 0.1% mix to stir and process, and above-mentioned percentage is mass percent;
(3) with 100 ℃ of the graphite casting mould preheatings that processes, the coating for preparing is painted on the whose surfaces that contacts with liquid metal in the model uniformly with thin brush, coating layer thickness is 0.1～0.3mm;
(4) graphite casting mould is after coating, and coating air dry 1～10h is heated to 450 ℃ of insulation 2h then in vacuum drying oven, be heated to 4 hours vacuum degassings of 1000 ℃ of insulations then, and the process vacuum of giving vent to anger is not less than 50Pa;
(5) model is chilled to 200 ℃ with stove and comes out of the stove, and leaves 200 ℃ of insulation waiting for pouring in the baking oven after coming out of the stove in;
(6) adopt smelting and pouring in the vacuum consumable skull crucible; Smelting and pouring in the vacuum consumable electrode skull crucible of 1000kg, casting mold directly take out shove charge from baking oven, model temperature must adopt Φ 350 electrodes greater than 100 ℃, melting electric current 38000A, and melting vacuum is less than 1Pa.
(7) cast back foundry goods cools to the furnace below 200 ℃ and comes out of the stove.Form finished product through sand removal, polishing, check.
The technical scheme of employing of the present invention also comprises:
The production method of described zirconium and zircaloy heavy castings is characterized in that: the graphite core surface institute ceramic coating of brushing disposes: at normal temperatures and pressures, be by 200～300 purpose electric smelting Y
2O
3Powder 35～45%, yttrium colloidal sol 54～65%, surfactant JFC0.5～1.2%; Antifoaming agent n-butanol 0.5～1.0% mixes to stir and processes, and above-mentioned percentage is mass percent, and each component adopts any number in its scope; It is 100% with numerical value, and dope viscosity is controlled at 20～50s.
The production method of described zirconium and zircaloy heavy castings is characterized in that: the graphite core surface institute ceramic coating of brushing disposes: at normal temperatures and pressures, ceramic coating is by 200～300 purpose electric smelting Y
2O
3Powder 40%, yttrium colloidal sol 59%, surfactant JFC0.9%, antifoaming agent n-butanol 0.1% mix to stir and process, and above-mentioned percentage is mass percent, and dope viscosity is controlled at 20～50s.
Advantage of the present invention: it is to do the model matrix with machined graphite that (1) the present invention adopts; Zirconium and zircaloy casting mold are done in process making at graphite core external coating ceramic coating; Adopt this method can produce the intensity height; Model thickness can be made according to designing requirement, is applicable to casting large-size castings; (2) face coat can effectively reduce the chilling action of model, improves the mold-filling capacity of liquid metal, effectively lowers the surface and cold shut occurs and stay defectives such as trace; (3) can obviously improve surface quality of continuous castings, reduce processing capacity and reduce cost; (4) the thermally-stabilised height of model and coating, foundry goods pollution layer thickness is little; (5) technology is made simply, the raw material wide material sources.(6) the present invention and above-mentioned background technology " a kind of process of producing zirconium and zircaloy pump, valve precision casting " patent difference is: 1. it is to adopt investment precision casting technology casting zirconium and zircaloy pump valve foundry goods.The present invention is employed on the machining graphite mold casting technology basis, has increased this one procedure of brushing ceramic coating.This operation is compared and can be improved surface quality of continuous castings with common machine processing graphite mold casting technology (the not technology of swabbing), reduces model Quench ability, can improve the processing performance of zirconium material casting.2. it is for heavy castings, adopts molten accurate die cast operation more complicated, and difficulty is big, and coating generally will be coated with more than 30～40 layers.The present invention adopts the machined graphite mould to do main body, and then the method operation of brushing paint wants easy to be many on the graphite mould.
The specific embodiment
(1) adopt the machining and the method for manual shovel system to be processed into graphite casting mould in graphited electrode graphite material according to the casting technique drawing.
(2) with 100 ℃ of the graphite casting mould preheatings that processes, and then the graphite core that contacts with liquid metal is surperficial with the uniform brushing one deck ceramic coating of thin brush, and THICKNESS CONTROL is at 0.1～0.3mm.The preparation of ceramic coating according to percentage by weight with 40% electric smelting Y
2O
3Powder is progressively put into the sol bonded yttrium agent, Y
2O
3The powder degree is less than 200～300 orders, stirs l～4 hour with mould wash mixer; Wherein binding agent is mixed by 59% yttrium colloidal sol and 0.9% surfactant JFC and 0.1% antifoaming agent n-butanol and is prepared into.The coating material production operating ambient temperature is controlled at 10～25 ℃, and relative humidity is controlled at 40～50%, and the coating temperature is controlled at 10～20 ℃, and dope viscosity is controlled at 20～50s.Above-mentioned percentage is mass percent, and each component adopts any number in its scope, and it is 100% with numerical value.
(3) graphite casting mould is after coating, but coating air dry 1～10h.And then be heated to 450 ℃ of insulation 2h in the vacuum drying oven, be heated to 4 hours vacuum degassings of 1000 ℃ of insulations then.The process vacuum of giving vent to anger is not less than 50Pa, and stove is chilled to below 200 ℃ and comes out of the stove then, leaves use to be cast in 200 ℃ the baking oven in.
(4) smelting and pouring in the vacuum consumable electrode skull crucible of 1000kg, casting mold directly takes out shove charge from baking oven, and model temperature must be greater than 100 ℃.Adopt Φ 350 electrodes, melting electric current 38000A, melting vacuum is less than 1Pa.
Embodiment one,The production material trademark is 702C, the centrifugal pump impeller of CZx100-250, and concrete technology is following:
(1) adopt the machining and the method for manual shovel system to be processed into the centrifugal pump impeller graphite casting mould in graphited electrode graphite material according to the casting technique drawing.
(2) with 100 ℃ of the graphite casting mould preheatings that processes, and then the graphite core that contacts with liquid metal is surperficial with the uniform brushing one deck ceramic coating of thin brush, and THICKNESS CONTROL is at 0.2mm.The preparation of ceramic coating according to percentage by weight with 40% electric smelting Y
2O
3Powder is progressively put into 59% sol bonded yttrium agent, fire-resistant Y
2O
3The powder degree is less than 250 orders, stirs 2 hours with mould wash mixer, puts into 0.9% surfactant JFC and 0.1% antifoaming agent n-butanol again and mixes and be prepared into.
(3) graphite casting mould is after coating, but coating air dry 8h.And then be heated to 450 ℃ of insulation 2h in the vacuum drying oven, be heated to 4 hours vacuum degassings of 1000 ℃ of insulations then.The process vacuum of giving vent to anger is not less than 50Pa, and stove is chilled to below 200 ℃ and comes out of the stove then, leaves use to be cast in 200 ℃ the baking oven in.
(4) smelting and pouring in the vacuum consumable electrode skull crucible of 1000kg, casting mold directly takes out shove charge from baking oven, and model temperature must be greater than 100 ℃.Adopt Φ 350 electrodes, material trademark is R60702, melting electric current 38000A, and melting vacuum is less than 1Pa.
Embodiment two,Produce material trademark 705C, model is the centrifugal pump body of CZx100-250, and concrete technology is following:
(1) adopt the machining and the method for manual shovel system to be processed into the centrifugal pump body graphite casting mould in graphited electrode graphite material according to the casting technique drawing.
(2) with 100 ℃ of the graphite casting mould preheatings that processes, and then the graphite core that contacts with liquid metal is surperficial with the uniform brushing one deck ceramic coating of thin brush, and THICKNESS CONTROL is at 0.1 mm or 0.3mm.The preparation of ceramic coating according to percentage by weight with 40% electric smelting Y
2O
3Powder is progressively put into 59% sol bonded yttrium agent, fire-resistant Y
2O
3The powder degree is less than 200 orders, stirs 2 hours with mould wash mixer, puts into 0.9% surfactant JFC and 0.1% antifoaming agent n-butanol again and mixes and be prepared into.
(3) graphite casting mould is after coating, but coating air dry 8h.And then be heated to 450 ℃ of insulation 2h in the vacuum drying oven, be heated to 4 hours vacuum degassings of 1000 ℃ of insulations then.The process vacuum of giving vent to anger is not less than 50Pa, and stove is chilled to below 200 ℃ and comes out of the stove then, leaves use to be cast in 200 ℃ the baking oven in.
(4) smelting and pouring in the vacuum consumable electrode skull crucible of 1000kg, casting mold directly takes out shove charge from baking oven, and model temperature must be greater than 100 ℃.Adopt Φ 350 electrodes, material trademark is R60705, melting electric current 38000A, and melting vacuum is less than 1Pa.
Claims (2)
1. the production method of zirconium and zircaloy heavy castings is characterized in that: its processing step:
(1) graphite casting mould machining preparation; Adopt the machining and the method for manual shovel system to be processed into graphite casting mould in graphited electrode graphite material according to the casting technique drawing;
(2) ceramic layer coating configuration; At normal temperatures and pressures, be by 200～300 purpose electric smelting Y
2O
3Powder 35～45%, yttrium colloidal sol 54～65%, surfactant JFC0.5～1.2%, antifoaming agent n-butanol 0.5～1.0% mix to stir and process, and above-mentioned percentage is mass percent, and each component adopts any number in its scope, and it is 100% with numerical value; Dope viscosity is controlled at 20～50s;
(3) with 100 ℃ of the graphite casting mould preheatings that processes, the coating for preparing is surperficial with the graphite casting mould that thin brush is painted on the liquid metal contact uniformly, and coating layer thickness is 0.1～0.3mm;
(4) graphite casting mould is after coating, and coating air dry 1～10h is heated to 450 ℃ of insulation 2h then in vacuum drying oven, be heated to 4 hours vacuum degassings of 1000 ℃ of insulations then, and the process vacuum of giving vent to anger is not less than 50Pa;
(5) graphite casting mould is chilled to 200 ℃ with stove and comes out of the stove, and leaves 200 ℃ of insulation waiting for pouring in the baking oven after coming out of the stove in;
(6) adopt smelting and pouring in the vacuum consumable skull crucible; Smelting and pouring in the vacuum consumable electrode skull crucible of 1000kg, graphite casting mould directly take out shove charge from baking oven, the graphite casting mould temperature must adopt Φ 350 electrodes greater than 100 ℃, melting electric current 38000A, and melting vacuum is less than 1Pa;
(7) cast back foundry goods cools to the furnace below 200 ℃ and comes out of the stove; Form finished product through sand removal, polishing, check.
2. the production method of zirconium according to claim 1 and zircaloy heavy castings is characterized in that: the graphite casting mould surface institute ceramic coating of brushing disposes: at normal temperatures and pressures, ceramic coating is by 200～300 purpose electric smelting Y
2O
3Powder 40%, yttrium colloidal sol 59%, surfactant JFC0.9%, antifoaming agent n-butanol 0.1% mix to stir and process, and above-mentioned percentage is mass percent.
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| CN2010105293585A CN101947648B (en) | 2010-11-03 | 2010-11-03 | Production method of large zirconium and zirconium alloy castings |
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| CN102728778B (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2015-02-11 | 西安泵阀总厂有限公司 | Sand mould casting process for titanium and titanium alloy castings |
| CN103317114B (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2015-08-05 | 沈阳铸造研究所 | A kind of metal mold casting method for zircaloy |
| CN105364003A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-03-02 | 无锡市永亿精密铸造有限公司 | Process for manufacturing zirconium alloy precision connecting special-shaped pieces |
| CN105880464B (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2018-02-06 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | A kind of graphite mold casting method of large-scale thin-wall titanium alloy casting |
| CN107737881A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-02-27 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the titanium alloy graphite molds casting with small gaps |
| CN109175250A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-11 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of graphite casting mould casting method that can partially reuse |
| CN113385624B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2023-07-04 | 宝鸡市渭滨区怡鑫金属加工厂 | Preparation process of zirconium alloy die forging |
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| DE60214999T2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2007-05-10 | Santoku Corp., Kobe | GINGING ALLOYS WITH ISOTROPIC GRAPHITE SHAPES |
| CN101590511B (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2011-09-28 | 沈阳北方钛工业有限公司 | Technique for producing precision castings of zirconium and zirconium alloy pumps/valves |
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