CN101942681A - Process for plating cadmium on shaped steel part with deep/blind hole - Google Patents
Process for plating cadmium on shaped steel part with deep/blind hole Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for plating cadmium on a shaped steel part with a deep/blind hole, which comprises the following steps of: chemical oil removal, electrolytic oil removal, hot water washing, cold water washing, acid washing, cold water washing, neutralizing, cold water washing, cyanogen-less cadmium plating, cold water washing, hot water washing, compressed air drying, tempering dehydrogenizing, bright dipping, cold water washing, surface conditioning, middle-temperature phosphating, cold water washing, drying and detection, wherein the formula of each liter of electroplating liquid comprises: 40 to 50g of cadmium sulfate, 180 to 220g of ammonium chloride, 50 to 70g of nitrilotriacetic acid, 25 to 30g of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, a main additive, a brightener and a refiner, and the pH value is 6.2 to 6.7. The process effectively improves the quality and stability of special products, guarantees the use performance of the products and prolongs the service life of the products; and the production process is clean and environmentally-friendly, can effectively protect the environment and the physical and metal health of operators and meets the requirements of pollution-free production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the surface treatment method and the equipment of metal products, be specifically related to a kind of technology of cadmium plating on special-shaped steel part, especially a kind of non-cyanide plating cadmium technology that is applicable to scale operation, cleaning, environmental protection with dark/blind hole.
Background technology
In the past, the surface anticorrosion of special-shaped extraordinary workpiece with deep hole, blind hole was handled, because complex-shaped, characteristics such as performance requriements is high, environment for use is abominable adopt cyanide electroplating technology always.But prussiate is hypertoxic chemical, buys, transports, stores, manages quite loaded down with trivial details.Escaping gas is also poisonous in the cyanide electroplating production process, and the processing of cyanide wastewater is high to safety and air-conditioning requirement.In order to eliminate the harm that hypertoxic prussiate causes; protect environment and operator's physical and mental health effectively; each state has all successively put into effect relevant laws and regulations, and " promotion law on cleaner production " of China and State Council's 23 commands explicitly call for electroplating industry " to eliminate backward production technique such as cyanide electroplating ".
Cadmium plating is generally used in special industries such as aviation, military projects, the cyanide cadmium technology that most at present producers all adopts, what only a few family adopted is general non-cyanide plating cadmium technology, ubiquity solution control and is safeguarded difficulty aborning, current density range is narrower, problems such as dark plating and covering power are relatively poor, and the coating color and luster shades, coarse, scared.
Summary of the invention
The technology that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cadmium plating on special-shaped steel part with dark/blind hole; it can satisfy standing storage and service requirements after the steel part cadmium plating is handled; improve quality and the stability of handling steel part; the waste water that is produced is handled easily; save the wastewater treatment expense, help protecting environment and operator's physical and mental health.
The technology of a kind of cadmium plating on special-shaped steel part of the present invention with dark/blind hole, its operation is as follows:
Electrochemical deoiling, electrolytic degreasing, hot water wash, cold wash, pickling, cold wash, neutralization, cold wash, non-cyanide plating cadmium, cold wash, hot water wash, pressurized air dry up, tempering dehydrogenation, bright dipping, cold wash, table accent, middle temperature phosphating, cold wash, drying, check;
The prescription of non-cyanide plating cadmium operation electroplate liquid:
Cadmium Sulphate (CdSO
48/3H
2O) 40～50g/L,
Ammonium chloride (NH
4Cl) 180～220g/L,
Nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) (NTA) 50～70g/L,
Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (EDTA) 25～30g/L,
Main additive LD-5030A 5～8ml/L,
Brightening agent LD-5030B 5～8ml/L,
Fining agent LD-5030C 5～8ml/L,
PH value 6.2～6.7;
The processing condition of non-cyanide plating cadmium operation:
10～35 ℃ of temperature,
Cathode current density J
K0.5～2A/dm
2
(1) Cadmium Sulphate provides cadmium, and cadmium generates the complexing cadmium ion with nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in plating bath, and the ratio of its content and complexing agent wants suitably so just the high cathode current density can be arranged, and can obtain the coating of compact crystallization simultaneously again.Cadmium content just influences the quality of coating, and cadmium content is high can to reduce the cathodic polarization effect, makes that coating is coarse, dispersive ability reduces, cadmium content is low excessively, and the cathodic polarization effect increases, and solution dispersibility improves, but the current density that allows reduces, and sedimentation velocity reduces, and influences production efficiency.The content of Cadmium Sulphate should be controlled at 40～50g/L.
(2) ammonium chloride mainly plays conducting salt, can improve the conductivity of plating bath, prevents anode passivation, enlarges the scope of cathode current density, improves solution dispersibility.When ammonium chloride content was lower than 160g/L, solution dispersibility was poor, and coating is coarse; When ammonium chloride was higher than 250g/L, easily crystallization was separated out, and influences quality of coating.The content of ammonium chloride should be controlled at 180～220g/L.
(3) nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) generates complex ion with cadmium in plating bath, improves cathodic polarization, improves dispersive ability, makes the coating crystallization careful.The content of nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) is proportional with the content of cadmium, and the ratio of general nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) and cadmium is 3～5.The nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) too high levels reduces current efficiency, and anode dissolution is too fast; Nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) content is low excessively, reduces the cathodic polarization effect, and solution dispersibility is poor, and coating is coarse etc.Nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) content should be controlled at 50～70g/L.
(4) ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA): in plating bath, generate complex ion, make in the solution complex ion stable with cadmium.The adding of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) has avoided coating to be the phenomenon of spongy accumulation, makes the crystallization of cadmium layer careful, reduces fragility.Along with the raising of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) content, it is negative that cathodic polarization potential becomes, and solution dispersibility improves, but cathode efficiency increasing and reduce with the ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) amount.Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) content should be controlled at 25～30g/L.
(5) additive: additive is divided into three kinds of main additive LD-5030A, brightening agent LD-5030B and fining agent LD-5030C, must be used, and plays and improves cathodic polarization, crystallization of refinement, raising light and leveling effect etc.When additive level was too low, coating was coarse, and covering power is poor, shaded or do not have coating in the dark recess of workpiece position.When additive level is too high, the solution muddiness, the coating embrittlement has pin hole.Therefore, to spare no effort in the production add less, also will regularly remove its degradation production with activated carbon treatment.
(6) pH value: the pH value is low excessively, and the dissociation degree of complex compound increases, and the concentration of cadmium ions in the solution raises, and easily makes the coating crystallization coarse.The pH value is too high, and solution is easily muddy, has ammonia to overflow, and current efficiency reduces, the coating embrittlement.The pH value should be controlled at 6.2～6.7.
(7) temperature: temperature is unsuitable too high, otherwise can accelerate the volatilization of solution, impels the decomposition of ammonium chloride and ammonia to overflow, and the cadmium ion amount in the solution is increased, and causes the solution instability.But temperature is crossed when hanging down, and sedimentation velocity is slow, and ammonium chloride is crystalloid easily and separates out.
(8) cathode current density: current density is low excessively, and sedimentation velocity is slow, and coating surface is canescence, and dark recess position is grey black.Current density is excessive, and coating is coarse, and hydrogen is separated out acutely, is easy to generate striped.Cathode current density should be controlled at 0.5～2A/dm
2
The technology of described a kind of cadmium plating on the special-shaped steel part with dark/blind hole is characterized in that: described chemical deoiling and degreasing operation, select commercially available without phosphorus removers RLQ-110 for use, stainless steel tank, inwall are established snakelike stainless steel heating tube, logical steam heating, 50～80 ℃ of temperature, time 5～10min.
The technology of described a kind of cadmium plating on the special-shaped steel part with dark/blind hole is characterized in that: described electrolytic degreasing operation, select commercially available without phosphorus removers RLQ-115A, stainless steel tank, inwall are established snakelike stainless steel heating tube, logical steam heating, 50～80 ℃ of temperature, current density 5～20A/dm
2, anode cleaning 5～8min, the negative electrode 0.5～2min that deoils.
The technology of described a kind of cadmium plating on the special-shaped steel part with dark/blind hole is characterized in that: described tempering dehydrogenation operation, and carry out the tempering dehydrogenation in plating in back 4 hours and handle, to carry out at well-type electric furnace, temperature is 180～200 ℃, time 4～5h.The temperature of dehydrogenation does not surpass 220 ℃, otherwise may cause " cadmium is crisp " phenomenon.Hydrogen embrittlement is one of hidden danger of quality the most serious in the surface treatment, is usually expressed as the delayed fracture phenomenon under the stress.Compare with cyanide cadmium, the cathode efficiency of non-cyanide plating cadmium is higher, and the liberation of hydrogen side reaction is few, adds the coating densification, makes that the hydrogen richness that penetrates in the steel matrix is less.But for high carbon steel, this low hydrogen embrittlement still inadequately safety, also need the tempering dehydrogenation after the cadmium plating.
The technology of described a kind of cadmium plating on the special-shaped steel part with dark/blind hole is characterized in that: described bright dipping operation, and with 10～30g/L nitric acid, stainless steel tank, wall liner flexible PVC material in the groove, room temperature, time 1～3s.Behind the non-cyanide plating cadmium layer tempering dehydrogenation, the cadmium laminar surface is blackyellow.Major cause is that the additive main component that adopts in the non-cyanide plating cadmium is an organism, can be mixed in the coating along with the deposition of cadmium layer is a spot of during plating, can fold the cadmium laminar surface when the tempering dehydrogenation.The effect of bright dipping operation is to remove the blackyellow dirt settling that cadmium layer tempering dehydrogenation rear surface generates.
The technology of described a kind of cadmium plating on the special-shaped steel part with dark/blind hole is characterized in that: described table is transferred operation, selects commercially available table adjustment LD-13001～2g/L for use, stainless steel tank, pH value 8～9.5, room temperature, time 0.5～1min.Effect is the microstate that changes the metallic surface, and the growth of phosphatize phosphate coat is convenient in the crystallization of refinement phosphatization.
The technology of described a kind of cadmium plating on the special-shaped steel part with dark/blind hole is characterized in that: described middle temperature phosphating operation, select commercially available phosphorization agent LD-2121CA for use, free acidity 0.6～1 point, total acidity 14～20 points, stainless steel tank, 45～60 ℃ of temperature, time 3～5min.Effect is the solidity to corrosion that further improves the cadmium layer.Phosphatization temperature should adopt 45～60 ℃, and temperature is low excessively, is difficult for forming phosphorization membrane; Temperature is too high, the coarse blackout of rete.
By GB and related standards the physics and chemistry that the cadmium plating layer has carried out performances such as outward appearance, thickness, bonding force, porosity, solidity to corrosion is detected, the result all reaches requirement.
Test item and the results are shown in following table:
| Project | Method | Requirement | The result |
| Outward appearance | Range estimation | Meet the requirement of WJ253-1964 | Compact crystallization, uniform and smooth smooth |
| Thickness | The WJ253-1964 method of magnetic | 20-30μm | Average 22 μ m |
| Bonding force | WJ253-1964 file method | In conjunction with firm, nothing comes off | No obscission |
| Porosity | WJ253-1964 pastes filter paper | No Bluepoint | No Bluepoint |
| Solidity to corrosion | The GB/T10125-1997 neutral salt spray test | White rust 96h, red rust 240h | 240h does not have white rust, and 1000h does not have red rust |
Advantage of the present invention:
(1) the plating bath current density range is wide, and dispersive ability and covering power excellence are difficult for producing natural decomposition and aging;
(2) the plating bath sedimentation velocity is fast, stable, easy care;
(3) the coating crystallization is careful smooth, and appearance luster is even, no foaming, pit, coarse, crackle, peeling, burn, defect such as plating leakage place;
(4) excellence such as binding force of cladding material, solidity to corrosion, the anti-neutral salt spray test of cadmium layer reached more than 1000 hours;
(5) do not contain prussiate in the plating bath, the waste water of generation can with the processing that is mixed mutually of other plating waste water, treatment process is simple, easily, cost is low, do not have environmental pollution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 non-cyanide plating cadmium process flow sheet.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Prepare plating bath earlier, compound method is as follows:
First prescription;
(1) take by weighing ammonium chloride by 210g/L and pour in the groove, add about 80 ℃ hot water to cell body long-pending 1/3rd, stir it dissolved fully;
(2) take by weighing Cadmium Sulphate by 50g/L and join in the ammonium chloride solution, be stirred to dissolving, obtain Cadmium Sulphate-ammonium chloride solution;
(3) take by weighing nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) (NTA) by 70g/L, take by weighing ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (EDTA) by 30g/L, in another container with nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) mixing furnishing pasty state, sodium hydroxide solution with 20% (quality) slowly is added to solution transparent (this moment, the pH value about 5.8) under constantly stirring, this solution is added in Cadmium Sulphate-ammonium chloride solution again;
(4) in the scope with dilute hydrochloric acid or ammoniacal liquor adjust pH to 6.2～6.7, and add water to volume requiredly, handled several hours with the energising of little cathode current density;
(5) add additive LD-5030A, add brightening agent LD-5030B, add fining agent LD-5030C by 5～8ml/L by 5～8ml/L by 5～8ml/L;
(6) temperature of plating bath is controlled in 10～35 ℃ the scope, cathode current density J
KBe controlled at 0.5～2A/dm
2Scope in, can formal cadmium plating production.
Second prescription; Take by weighing ammonium chloride by 200g/L and pour in the groove, add about 80 ℃ hot water to cell body long-pending 1/3rd, stir it dissolved fully; Take by weighing Cadmium Sulphate by 45g/L and join in the ammonium chloride solution, be stirred to dissolving, obtain Cadmium Sulphate-ammonium chloride solution; Take by weighing nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) (NTA) by 60g/L, take by weighing ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (EDTA) by 27g/L, in another container with nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) mixing furnishing pasty state, it is transparent slowly to be added to solution with the sodium hydroxide solution of 20% (quality) under constantly stirring, and this solution is added in Cadmium Sulphate-ammonium chloride solution again; In the scope with dilute hydrochloric acid or ammoniacal liquor adjust pH to 6.2～6.7, and add water to volume requiredly, handled several hours with the energising of little cathode current density; Add additive, brightening agent, fining agent again, and the temperature of plating bath is controlled in 10～35 ℃ the scope cathode current density J
KBe controlled at 0.5～2A/dm
2Scope in, can formal cadmium plating production.
The 3rd prescription takes by weighing ammonium chloride by 190g/L and pours in the groove, add about 80 ℃ hot water to cell body long-pending 1/3rd, stir it dissolved fully; Take by weighing Cadmium Sulphate by 40g/L and join in the ammonium chloride solution, be stirred to dissolving, obtain Cadmium Sulphate-ammonium chloride solution; Take by weighing nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) (NTA) by 50g/L, take by weighing ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (EDTA) by 25g/L, in another container with nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) mixing furnishing pasty state, it is transparent slowly to be added to solution with the sodium hydroxide solution of 20% (quality) under constantly stirring, and this solution is added in Cadmium Sulphate-ammonium chloride solution again; In the scope with dilute hydrochloric acid or ammoniacal liquor adjust pH to 6.2～6.7, and add water to volume requiredly, handled several hours with the energising of little cathode current density; Add additive, brightening agent, fining agent again, and the temperature of plating bath is controlled in 10～35 ℃ the scope cathode current density J
KBe controlled at 0.5～2A/dm
2Scope in, can formal cadmium plating production.
Referring to Fig. 1, cadmium plating is undertaken by following operation on the special-shaped steel part with dark/blind hole:
(1) chemical deoiling and degreasing operation is selected commercially available without phosphorus removers RLQ-110 for use, and stainless steel tank, inwall are established snakelike stainless steel heating tube, logical steam heating, 50～80 ℃ of temperature, time 5～10min.
(2) electrolytic degreasing operation is selected commercially available without phosphorus removers RLQ-115A, and stainless steel tank, inwall are established snakelike stainless steel heating tube, logical steam heating, 50～80 ℃ of temperature, current density 5～20A/dm
2, anode cleaning 5～8min, the negative electrode 0.5～2min that deoils.
(3) hot water wash operation is used stainless steel tank, and inwall is established snakelike stainless steel heating tube, logical steam heating, temperature＞80 ℃, time 1～3min.
(4) cold wash operation is used stainless steel tank, washing from the beginning, time 1～3min.
(5) pickling process is selected commercially available pickling agent RLQ-210 for use, wall liner flexible PVC material in the stainless steel tank, groove, time 2～8min.
(6) in and operation, use Na
2CO
340～60g/L, stainless steel tank, room temperature, time 1～3min.
(7) cold wash operation is used stainless steel tank, washing from the beginning, time 1～3min.
(8) non-cyanide plating cadmium operation, electroplate liquid are selected the first above-mentioned prescription, adopt stainless steel tank, wall liner flexible PVC material in the groove, and inwall is established snakelike stainless steel cooling pipe, and the water coolant that flows in the pipe keeps 10～35 ℃ of bath temperatures.Because have special-shaped steel part complex-shaped, dark/the easy screen current density distribution of blind hole of dark/blind hole, the long-pending speed of inner hole deposition is slow, coating is very thin even do not have coating, so supplementary anode will be adopted in hole dark excessively during clamping, the reply workpiece stirs, turns to or turns around in the electroplating process.
(9) tempering dehydrogenation operation is carried out the tempering dehydrogenation in back 4 hours in plating and is handled, and carries out at well-type electric furnace, and temperature is 180～200 ℃, time 4～5h.The temperature of dehydrogenation does not surpass 220 ℃, otherwise may cause " cadmium is crisp " phenomenon.Hydrogen embrittlement is one of hidden danger of quality the most serious in the surface treatment, is usually expressed as the delayed fracture phenomenon under the stress.Compare with cyanide cadmium, the cathode efficiency of non-cyanide plating cadmium is higher, and the liberation of hydrogen side reaction is few, adds the coating densification, makes that the hydrogen richness that penetrates in the steel matrix is less.But for high carbon steel, this low hydrogen embrittlement still inadequately safety, also need the tempering dehydrogenation after the cadmium plating.
(10) bright dipping operation, with 10～30g/L nitric acid, stainless steel tank, wall liner flexible PVC material in the groove, room temperature, time 1～3s is to remove the black dirt settling that cadmium layer tempering dehydrogenation rear surface generates.
(11) table is transferred operation, selects commercially available table adjustment LD-13001～2g/L for use, stainless steel tank, and PH 8～9.5, room temperature, time 0.5～1min, to change the microstate of metallic surface, the growth of phosphatize phosphate coat is convenient in the crystallization of refinement phosphatization.
(12) middle temperature phosphating operation is selected commercially available phosphorization agent LD-2121CA for use, free acidity 0.6～1 point, and total acidity 14～20 points, stainless steel tank, 45～60 ℃ of temperature, time 3～5min is with the solidity to corrosion of further raising cadmium layer.
(13) drying process is used stainless steel tank, and inwall is established snakelike stainless steel heating tube, logical steam heating, temperature＞60 ℃, time 10～15min.
(14) inspection process, the coating outward appearance adopts range estimation, answers compact crystallization, and is uniform and smooth smooth; Thickness of coating adopts magnetic-type gage, should be in product technology requires the scope of regulation.Binding force of cladding material, porosity, solidity to corrosion are inspected by random samples according to actual needs.
The maintenance of plating bath in the production process, main points are as follows:
(1) (the special-shaped steel part with dark/blind hole being carried out) processing such as blast, oil removing, pickling, cleaning before the plating must be thoroughly clean, prevents to bring in the plating bath sand grains, greasy dirt etc.
(2) copper, lead, iron etc. all belong to harmful metal impurity in the plating bath, and coating crystallization, luminance brightness are descended and the variable color of passivation (phosphatization) film.Therefore not handy aborning plating bath is wiped utmost point bar, when part and hanger fall into coating bath accidentally, should in time take out.When metallic impurity are too high, switch on for a long time to handling with low cathode current density and can remove it.
(3) additive can not add too much, otherwise, not only make the plating bath muddiness, and can be mixed in the coating, make the coating embrittlement, be a bit darkish in color.Their degradation production also can reduce the quality of coating.Therefore to add less and spare no effort to, also will regularly use activated carbon treatment, remove its degradation production.Method is to add the about 3～4g/L of gac in plating bath, after fully stirring, leaves standstill a few hours, filters plating bath.
(4) plating bath is answered and was analyzed once in 2～3 days, in time adds when each component content is not enough; 2～3 weeks filtered once, kept the cleaning of plating bath, increased the service life.
Claims (7)
1. the technology of a cadmium plating on special-shaped steel part with dark/blind hole, its operation is as follows:
Electrochemical deoiling, electrolytic degreasing, hot water wash, cold wash, pickling, cold wash, neutralization, cold wash, non-cyanide plating cadmium, cold wash, hot water wash, pressurized air dry up, tempering dehydrogenation, bright dipping, cold wash, table accent, middle temperature phosphating, cold wash, drying, check;
The prescription of non-cyanide plating cadmium operation electroplate liquid:
Cadmium Sulphate (C dSO
48/3H
2O) 40～50g/L,
Ammonium chloride (NH
4Cl) 180～220g/L,
Nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) (NTA) 50～70g/L,
Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (EDTA) 25～30g/L,
Main additive LD-5030A 5～8ml/L,
Brightening agent LD-5030B 5～8ml/L,
Fining agent LD-5030C 5～8ml/L,
PH value 6.2～6.7;
The processing condition of non-cyanide plating cadmium operation:
10～35 ℃ of temperature,
Cathode current density J
K0.5～2A/dm
2
2. the technology of a kind of cadmium plating on special-shaped steel part according to claim 1 with dark/blind hole, it is characterized in that: described chemical deoiling and degreasing operation, select commercially available without phosphorus removers RLQ-110 for use, stainless steel tank, inwall is established snakelike stainless steel heating tube, logical steam heating, 50～80 ℃ of temperature, time 5～10min.
3. the technology of a kind of cadmium plating on special-shaped steel part according to claim 1 with dark/blind hole, it is characterized in that: described electrolytic degreasing operation, select commercially available without phosphorus removers RLQ-115A, stainless steel tank, inwall is established snakelike stainless steel heating tube, logical steam heating, 50～80 ℃ of temperature, current density 5～20A/dm
2, anode cleaning 5～8min, the negative electrode 0.5～2min that deoils.
4. the technology of a kind of cadmium plating on special-shaped steel part according to claim 1 with dark/blind hole, it is characterized in that: described tempering dehydrogenation operation, carry out the tempering dehydrogenation in back 4 hours in plating and handle, carry out at well-type electric furnace, temperature is 180～200 ℃, time 4～5h.
5. the technology of a kind of cadmium plating on the special-shaped steel part with dark/blind hole according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described bright dipping operation, and with 10～30g/L nitric acid, stainless steel tank, wall liner flexible PVC material in the groove, room temperature, time 1～3s.Behind the non-cyanide plating cadmium layer tempering dehydrogenation, the cadmium laminar surface is blackyellow.
6. the technology of a kind of cadmium plating on the special-shaped steel part with dark/blind hole according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described table is transferred operation, selects commercially available table adjustment LD-13001～2g/L for use, stainless steel tank, and PH 8～9.5, room temperature, time 0.5～1min.
7. the technology of a kind of cadmium plating on special-shaped steel part according to claim 1 with dark/blind hole, it is characterized in that: described middle temperature phosphating operation, select commercially available phosphorization agent LD-2121CA for use, free acidity 0.6～1 point, total acidity 14～20 points, stainless steel tank, 45～60 ℃ of temperature, time 3～5min.
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| CN107747111A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-03-02 | 常熟市瑞思知识产权服务有限公司 | A kind of spring cadmium plating processing technology |
| CN109099086A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-28 | 北京万高众业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of floating type brake lining renovation technology |
| CN110129838A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-16 | 中国航发贵州红林航空动力控制科技有限公司 | Low hydrogen brittleness non-cyanide plating cadmium tank liquor and application method are realized on a kind of high strength steel |
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