CN101937774A - A kind of winding supercapacitor preparation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种卷绕式超级电容器制备方法,包括:1)选择直接生长法制备的碳纳米管薄膜作为电极材料;2)将所述碳纳米管薄膜剪切成多个碳纳米管薄膜小块;3)将长条形的隔膜平铺在易挥发有机溶剂中;4)将多块碳纳米管薄膜小片依次首尾相接地平铺到所述隔膜上;待铺有碳纳米管薄膜的所述隔膜上的有机溶剂完全挥发;5)将所述隔膜卷绕并进行封装,得到所述卷绕式超级电容器。本发明首次成功制备出具有碳纳米管薄膜电极的卷绕式超级电容器,极大地提高了卷绕式超级电容器电极的电导率,降低了超级电容器的等效串联电阻,从而提高了碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的能量和功率密度,表现出良好的功率特性和电流响应。
The invention provides a method for preparing a winding supercapacitor, comprising: 1) selecting a carbon nanotube film prepared by a direct growth method as an electrode material; 2) cutting the carbon nanotube film into a plurality of carbon nanotube films small piece; 3) tile the elongated diaphragm in a volatile organic solvent; 4) tile a plurality of carbon nanotube thin film slices on the diaphragm successively end to end; to be covered with the carbon nanotube thin film The organic solvent on the diaphragm is completely volatilized; 5) winding and packaging the diaphragm to obtain the wound supercapacitor. The present invention successfully prepares a wound supercapacitor with a carbon nanotube film electrode for the first time, which greatly improves the conductivity of the wound supercapacitor electrode, reduces the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor, and thus improves the carbon nanotube film electrode. Energy and power densities of wound supercapacitors, exhibiting good power characteristics and current responses.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实施例涉及电化学技术领域,具体地说,本发明涉及一种卷绕式超级电容器及其制备方法。This embodiment relates to the technical field of electrochemistry, and specifically, the present invention relates to a winding supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
超级电容器,也叫电化学电容器,是一种新型储能装置,其性能介于传统电容器和电池之间,兼有电池高比能量和传统电容器高比功率的特点。其容量可达法拉级甚至数千法拉,质量比电容量或体积比电容量是传统电容器的20~200倍,能量密度是传统电容器的10~100倍。同时,超级电容器的功率密度比电池高10倍左右,循环寿命也优于电池,循环次数可达106次。另外,超级电容器还具有充放电效率高、安全等特点,可以作为大功率脉冲电源,在数据记忆存储系统、便携式仪器设备、通讯设备、电动车混合电源等许多领域都有广泛的应用前景。Supercapacitors, also known as electrochemical capacitors, are a new type of energy storage device whose performance is between traditional capacitors and batteries, and has the characteristics of high specific energy of batteries and high specific power of traditional capacitors. Its capacity can reach farad level or even thousands of farads, its mass specific capacitance or volume specific capacitance is 20 to 200 times that of traditional capacitors, and its energy density is 10 to 100 times that of traditional capacitors. At the same time, the power density of supercapacitors is about 10 times higher than that of batteries, and the cycle life is also better than that of batteries, with the number of cycles up to 106. In addition, supercapacitors also have the characteristics of high charging and discharging efficiency and safety, and can be used as high-power pulse power supplies. They have broad application prospects in many fields such as data memory storage systems, portable instruments and equipment, communication equipment, and hybrid power supplies for electric vehicles.
现有技术中,超级电容器主要有两种结构形式:一种是三明治叠层结构的纽扣式电容器,另一种是将电极片和隔膜卷绕起来形成的卷绕式电容器。纽扣式超级电容器难以容纳大面积电极,这限制了纽扣式超级电容器电容量的提高,而且纽扣式超级电容器密封外壳需要承受较大压力。卷绕式电容器可以容纳大面积的电极,容易实现产业化,适合制备高容量的超级电容器,但是其电极材料必须具有柔软可折的特点,因此其可适用的电极材料受到较大限制。电极材料的限制往往成为卷绕式超级电容器各方面性能提高的主要瓶颈之一。In the prior art, supercapacitors mainly have two structural forms: one is a button capacitor with a sandwich laminate structure, and the other is a wound capacitor formed by winding electrode sheets and diaphragms. Button-type supercapacitors are difficult to accommodate large-area electrodes, which limits the increase in the capacitance of button-type supercapacitors, and the sealed shell of button-type supercapacitors needs to withstand high pressure. Wound capacitors can accommodate large-area electrodes, are easy to realize industrialization, and are suitable for the preparation of high-capacity supercapacitors, but their electrode materials must be soft and foldable, so their applicable electrode materials are greatly limited. The limitation of electrode materials often becomes one of the main bottlenecks in improving the performance of wound supercapacitors in all aspects.
目前,卷绕式超级电容器的主要电极材料是活性炭纤维布(ACFC)。其缺陷包括:1、活性碳纤维布的制备比较复杂,而且其电导率较低,在作为电极之前必须先要在其表面沉积一层铝膜来提高其电导率,而铝膜的存在将导致无机电解液如硫酸溶液将无法使用。2、活性炭纤维布超级电容器的等效串联电阻(ESR)较大,这导致活性炭纤维布的功率密度较低。Currently, the main electrode material for wound supercapacitors is activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC). Its defects include: 1. The preparation of activated carbon fiber cloth is relatively complicated, and its electrical conductivity is low. Before it is used as an electrode, a layer of aluminum film must be deposited on its surface to improve its electrical conductivity, and the existence of aluminum film will lead to inorganic Electrolytes such as sulfuric acid solutions will not work. 2. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) of activated carbon fiber cloth supercapacitor is relatively large, which leads to the low power density of activated carbon fiber cloth.
另一方面,目前已经有一些利用基于碳纳米管的薄膜材料做为纽扣式超级电容器电极材料的报道。研究表明基于碳纳米管的薄膜材料的比表面积利用率,功率特性和频率特性都远优于活性炭和炭气凝胶等常用电极材料。目前基于碳纳米管薄膜的超级电容器电极材料主要有两种:①通过将碳纳米管与导电聚合物混合,然后将混合物涂到导电基底上作为薄膜电极材料(以下简称为碳纳米管聚合物薄膜)。②在基底上制备的纯碳纳米管薄膜(即带基底的纯碳纳米管薄膜)。On the other hand, there have been some reports on the use of carbon nanotube-based film materials as electrode materials for button-type supercapacitors. Studies have shown that the specific surface area utilization, power characteristics and frequency characteristics of carbon nanotube-based thin film materials are far superior to commonly used electrode materials such as activated carbon and carbon aerogel. At present, there are two main types of electrode materials for supercapacitors based on carbon nanotube films: ① by mixing carbon nanotubes with conductive polymers, and then coating the mixture on a conductive substrate as a thin film electrode material (hereinafter referred to as carbon nanotube polymer film ). ②The pure carbon nanotube film prepared on the substrate (that is, the pure carbon nanotube film with the substrate).
①对于碳纳米管聚合物薄膜电极,由于聚合物的加入将会降低碳纳米管电极的导电率和多孔率,对电荷在电极中的转移和电解液中离子在电极空隙中的扩散有着不利影响,导致超级电容器功率密度下降,而且碳纳米管聚合物薄膜必须使用金属基底作为集流器来收集和转移电荷,金属基底的使用将会增加电容器的重量,影响其实际使用;另外,碳纳米管聚合物薄膜电极的制备复杂,厚度可控性差,而且碳纳米管聚合物超级电容器的比电容比较小,虽然通过活化碳纳米管的聚合物可以提高其比电容,但是活化需要在高温下进行,因此很多不耐高温的导电基底无法使用。另外,金属基底和碳纳米管聚合物的柔韧可折性均较差,因此基于碳纳米管聚合物电极的超级电容器普遍为纽扣式结构,难以适用于卷绕式超级电容器。①For carbon nanotube polymer film electrodes, the addition of polymer will reduce the conductivity and porosity of carbon nanotube electrodes, which will have an adverse effect on the transfer of charges in the electrode and the diffusion of ions in the electrolyte in the electrode gap. , leading to a decrease in the power density of the supercapacitor, and the carbon nanotube polymer film must use a metal substrate as a current collector to collect and transfer charges. The use of a metal substrate will increase the weight of the capacitor and affect its actual use; in addition, carbon nanotubes The preparation of polymer film electrodes is complicated, the thickness controllability is poor, and the specific capacitance of carbon nanotube polymer supercapacitor is relatively small. Although the specific capacitance can be improved by activating the polymer of carbon nanotubes, the activation needs to be carried out at high temperature. Therefore, many conductive substrates that are not resistant to high temperatures cannot be used. In addition, metal substrates and carbon nanotube polymers are poor in flexibility and foldability, so supercapacitors based on carbon nanotube polymer electrodes generally have a button structure, which is difficult to apply to wound supercapacitors.
②带基底的纯碳纳米管薄膜具有高导电性和多孔结构,可以直接作为超级电容器的电极材料。然而,碳纳米管薄膜与基底的结合力比较小,如果将基底与碳纳米管薄膜一块卷曲,碳纳米管薄膜容易与基底脱离。另外,基底的柔韧可折性较差,导致基底上的碳纳米管薄膜很难直接用于制备卷绕式超级电容器。②The pure carbon nanotube film with substrate has high conductivity and porous structure, which can be directly used as electrode material for supercapacitors. However, the binding force between the carbon nanotube film and the substrate is relatively small, and if the substrate and the carbon nanotube film are crimped together, the carbon nanotube film will be easily detached from the substrate. In addition, the poor flexibility and foldability of the substrate makes it difficult for the carbon nanotube film on the substrate to be directly used to prepare a wound supercapacitor.
综上所述,卷绕式超级电容器可以容纳大面积的电极,以提高其电容量,可作为高容量,大功率脉冲电源,然而其电极材料需要具有柔软可折且不易脱落等特性,这样就限制了具有更高导电率和多孔率的薄膜电极材料的应用。因此,当前迫切需要一种能够将具有更高导电率和多孔率的薄膜材料用作卷绕式电容器电极的解决方案。To sum up, the winding supercapacitor can accommodate large-area electrodes to increase its capacitance, and can be used as a high-capacity, high-power pulse power supply. However, the electrode material needs to be soft, foldable and not easy to fall off. The application of thin film electrode materials with higher conductivity and porosity is limited. Therefore, a solution that enables the use of thin film materials with higher conductivity and porosity as electrodes for wound capacitors is urgently needed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种制备具有高导电率和多孔率的薄膜电极材料的卷绕式电容器的方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a wound capacitor having a thin film electrode material with high conductivity and porosity.
为实现上述发明目的,本发明提供的卷绕式超级电容器制备方法包括下列步骤:In order to achieve the purpose of the above invention, the preparation method of the wound supercapacitor provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
1)选择直接生长法制备的碳纳米管薄膜作为电极材料;1) Select the carbon nanotube film prepared by the direct growth method as the electrode material;
2)将所述碳纳米管薄膜剪切成多块规则形状的碳纳米管薄膜小块;2) cutting the carbon nanotube film into a plurality of regular-shaped carbon nanotube film fragments;
3)将长条形的隔膜平铺在易挥发有机溶剂中;3) Spread the strip-shaped diaphragm in a volatile organic solvent;
4)将多块碳纳米管薄膜小片依次首尾相接地平铺到所述隔膜上;待铺有碳纳米管薄膜的所述隔膜上的有机溶剂完全挥发;4) Tiling a plurality of small pieces of carbon nanotube film onto the diaphragm end to end in sequence; the organic solvent on the diaphragm to be covered with the carbon nanotube film is completely volatilized;
5)将所述隔膜卷绕并进行封装,得到所述卷绕式超级电容器。5) Winding and packaging the separator to obtain the wound supercapacitor.
其中,所述步骤2)中,所述碳纳米管薄膜小块长度为5-10cm,宽度为1-5cm。Wherein, in the step 2), the length of the small piece of carbon nanotube film is 5-10 cm, and the width is 1-5 cm.
其中,所述步骤3)中,所述有机溶剂液面高于所述隔膜表面0.5mm~1mm。Wherein, in the step 3), the liquid level of the organic solvent is 0.5 mm to 1 mm higher than the surface of the diaphragm.
其中,所述步骤4)包括下列子步骤:Wherein, said step 4) includes the following sub-steps:
41)将一块碳纳米管薄膜小块浸入所述易挥发有机溶剂中,将其均匀拉伸并平铺到所述隔膜上;41) Dip a small piece of carbon nanotube film into the volatile organic solvent, stretch it evenly and spread it on the separator;
42)将铺有碳纳米管薄膜的所述隔膜从所述易挥发有机溶剂中提起,待有机溶剂完全挥发;42) Lifting the separator covered with the carbon nanotube film from the volatile organic solvent until the organic solvent is completely volatilized;
43)重复步骤41)至42),将多块碳纳米管薄膜小片依次在长度方向上首尾相接地平铺到所述隔膜上。43) Steps 41) to 42) are repeated, and a plurality of small pieces of carbon nanotube thin films are tiled on the separator end-to-end in the length direction in sequence.
其中,所述步骤41)还包括:所述碳纳米管薄膜小块在被拉伸时,保持碳纳米管薄膜拉伸应力为50GPa~150GPa。Wherein, the step 41) further includes: when the small piece of carbon nanotube film is stretched, maintaining the tensile stress of the carbon nanotube film at 50 GPa-150 GPa.
其中,所述步骤42)还包括:提起隔膜的一端,然后以3~5cm/min的速度匀速将铺有碳纳米管薄膜的隔膜从所述有机溶剂中提起。Wherein, the step 42) further includes: lifting one end of the membrane, and then lifting the membrane covered with the carbon nanotube film from the organic solvent at a constant speed of 3-5 cm/min.
其中,所述步骤43)中,相邻两块碳纳米管薄膜小块宽度方向上对齐,长度方向上具有1~2mm的重叠部分;隔膜的宽度比所铺碳纳米管薄膜宽2-3mm,长度长1-3cm。Wherein, in the step 43), two adjacent carbon nanotube films are aligned in the width direction, and have an overlapping portion of 1 to 2 mm in the length direction; the width of the diaphragm is 2-3 mm wider than the laid carbon nanotube film, The length is 1-3cm long.
其中,所述步骤43)还包括:将多块碳纳米管薄膜小块多层重叠,使所述碳纳米管薄膜到达所需厚度。Wherein, the step 43) further includes: stacking a plurality of small carbon nanotube thin films in multiple layers, so that the carbon nanotube thin film reaches a required thickness.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有下列技术效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:
1、首次成功制备出具有碳纳米管薄膜电极的卷绕式超级电容器,极大地提高了卷绕式超级电容器电极的电导率,降低了超级电容器的等效串联电阻,从而提高了碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的能量和功率密度,表现出良好的功率特性和电流响应。1. For the first time, a wound supercapacitor with a carbon nanotube film electrode was successfully prepared, which greatly improved the conductivity of the wound supercapacitor electrode and reduced the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor, thereby improving the carbon nanotube film. Energy and power densities of wound supercapacitors, exhibiting good power characteristics and current responses.
2、能够保证卷绕式超级电容器电极具有很高的平整度。2. It can ensure that the electrode of the wound supercapacitor has a high flatness.
3、能够保证卷绕式超级电容器电极具有很高的厚度一致性,进而增强卷绕式超级电容器的稳定性。3. It can ensure that the electrode of the wound supercapacitor has a high thickness consistency, thereby enhancing the stability of the wound supercapacitor.
4、电极的厚度和面积的可控性强,不受碳纳米管薄膜原始面积和厚度的限制。4. The thickness and area of the electrode are highly controllable, and are not limited by the original area and thickness of the carbon nanotube film.
5、不需要使用金属基底作为集流器,降低了电容器的重量,提高了电容器对电解液的适应性。5. There is no need to use a metal substrate as a current collector, which reduces the weight of the capacitor and improves the adaptability of the capacitor to the electrolyte.
6、工艺较为简单,成品率高。6. The process is relatively simple and the yield is high.
附图说明Description of drawings
以下,结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施例,其中:Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1是本发明隔膜上碳纳米管薄膜的平铺方式及碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器制备方法的示意图;Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the tiling mode of the carbon nanotube film on the diaphragm of the present invention and the preparation method of the carbon nanotube film winding type supercapacitor;
图2为本发明一个实施例的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器在不同扫描速率下的循环伏安曲线图;Fig. 2 is the cyclic voltammetry graph of the carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor of an embodiment of the present invention at different scan rates;
图3为本发明一个实施例的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的阻抗图谱;Fig. 3 is the impedance spectrum of the carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor of an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明一个实施例的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的充放电曲线图。Fig. 4 is a charge and discharge curve of a carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例,从电极材料的选择,碳纳米管薄膜电极的制备,碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的组装以及碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的综合性能实测数据,对本发明做进一步的解释和说明。Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, from the selection of electrode material, the preparation of carbon nanotube film electrode, the assembly of carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor and the comprehensive performance measured data of carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor, do the present invention Further explanations and clarifications.
一、电极材料的选择1. Selection of electrode materials
本实施例使用的碳纳米管薄膜是直接利用浮动催化化学气相沉积法生长(下文中简称为直接生长法)得到的。与碳纳米管聚合物薄膜不同,直接生长法制备的碳纳米管薄膜可以直接平铺到隔膜上作为正负电极材料,不需要使用金属基底作为集流器。同时,吸附性强,相对于后沉积法制备的碳纳米管薄膜,直接生长法制备的碳纳米管薄膜具有柔韧性强、吸附性强等优势,因此适于作为卷绕式超级电容器的电极材料。作为电极材料,碳纳米管薄膜的面积、厚度可根据需要来调整。碳纳米管薄膜也可以进行功能化处理(如预处理、活化、修饰等)。The carbon nanotube thin film used in this embodiment is directly grown by floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition (hereinafter referred to as direct growth method). Unlike the carbon nanotube polymer film, the carbon nanotube film prepared by the direct growth method can be directly tiled on the separator as a positive and negative electrode material without using a metal substrate as a current collector. At the same time, it has strong adsorption. Compared with the carbon nanotube film prepared by the post-deposition method, the carbon nanotube film prepared by the direct growth method has the advantages of strong flexibility and strong adsorption, so it is suitable as an electrode material for wound supercapacitors. . As an electrode material, the area and thickness of the carbon nanotube film can be adjusted as required. Carbon nanotube films can also be functionalized (such as pretreatment, activation, modification, etc.).
二、碳纳米管薄膜电极的制备2. Preparation of carbon nanotube thin film electrodes
1、将碳纳米管薄膜剪切成所需尺寸。1. Cut the carbon nanotube film to the desired size.
卷绕式超级电容器需要长度较长的长条形的电极材料。而直接生长法制备的碳纳米管薄膜具有很强的自吸附性,长度较长的碳纳米管薄膜难以直接均匀平铺到隔膜上,这种不均匀导致的不一致性将降低超级电容器的稳定性。另外,直接生长法制备的碳纳米管薄膜的面积有限,因此,本发明创造性地提出先分块后拼接的办法来保证碳纳米管薄膜电极的均匀性。同时,这种方法还扩展了碳纳米管薄膜电极的面积,突破了直接生长法制备的碳纳米管薄膜的面积对超级电容器电极面积的限制。本实施例,单块碳纳米管薄膜的宽度在1-5cm,长度在5-10cm,为方便描述,本文中将其称为碳纳米管薄膜小块,简称为薄膜小块。上述薄膜小块的宽度和长度选择综合考虑了平铺操作和电容器设计等各方面因素。每块碳纳米管薄膜面积越大,平铺的过程中就越难将其均匀平铺到隔膜上;而面积越小,则导致同等长度的电极拼接次数过多,接触电阻增大,厚度一致性变差。而厚度一致性差将导致超级电容器的电容下降,同时也导致超级电容器的稳定性降低。A wound supercapacitor requires a long strip-shaped electrode material. However, the carbon nanotube film prepared by the direct growth method has strong self-adsorption, and it is difficult to spread the carbon nanotube film with a long length on the separator evenly. The inconsistency caused by this unevenness will reduce the stability of the supercapacitor. . In addition, the area of the carbon nanotube thin film prepared by the direct growth method is limited. Therefore, the present invention creatively proposes a method of block first and then splicing to ensure the uniformity of the carbon nanotube thin film electrode. At the same time, this method also expands the area of the carbon nanotube film electrode, breaking through the limitation of the area of the carbon nanotube film prepared by the direct growth method on the area of the supercapacitor electrode. In this embodiment, the width of a single carbon nanotube film is 1-5 cm, and the length is 5-10 cm. For the convenience of description, it is referred to as a carbon nanotube film block, or a film block for short. The selection of the width and length of the above-mentioned film small pieces comprehensively considered various factors such as tiling operation and capacitor design. The larger the area of each carbon nanotube film, the more difficult it is to evenly spread it on the separator during the tiling process; while the smaller the area, it will lead to too many splicing times of electrodes of the same length, increased contact resistance, and uniform thickness Sexual deterioration. The poor consistency of the thickness will lead to a decrease in the capacitance of the supercapacitor, and also lead to a decrease in the stability of the supercapacitor.
另外,由于本实施例所用的直接生长法制备的碳纳米管薄膜自吸附性强,难以直接将碳纳米管薄膜剪切成制备卷绕式超级电容器所需要的尺寸。因此本实施例中,先将碳纳米管薄膜夹到两块称量纸中间,再利用剪切工具将其剪切成所需要的形状和尺寸。由于称量纸特殊的表面,碳纳米管薄膜可以从其表面完整剥离下来。同时,本实施例还需要将隔膜剪切成所需要的形状和尺寸。In addition, due to the strong self-adsorption of the carbon nanotube film prepared by the direct growth method used in this example, it is difficult to directly cut the carbon nanotube film into the size required for the preparation of the wound supercapacitor. Therefore, in this embodiment, the carbon nanotube film is sandwiched between two pieces of weighing paper, and then cut into the desired shape and size by using a cutting tool. Due to the special surface of the weighing paper, the carbon nanotube film can be completely peeled off from its surface. At the same time, in this embodiment, the diaphragm needs to be cut into the desired shape and size.
2、将薄膜小块依次平铺到隔膜上,并使各薄膜小块依次拼接形成完整的电极。2. Lay the small pieces of film on the diaphragm in turn, and splice the small pieces of film in turn to form a complete electrode.
(1)为了均匀地平铺薄膜小块,本实施例使用易挥发的有机溶剂(如乙醇或丙酮)来降低薄膜小块的自吸附性。本步骤中,将剪切好的隔膜浸到所述有机溶剂中,并使有机溶剂的高度高出隔膜和碳纳米管薄膜厚度0.5mm到1mm。由于所述有机溶剂易挥发,本实施例还需要利用导管不间断添加有机溶剂,并通过控制导管中有机溶剂的流速来控制有机溶剂液面,使其相对于隔膜(碳纳米管薄膜厚度远小于隔膜厚度)始终高出0.5-1mm。(1) In order to evenly spread the small pieces of film, this embodiment uses a volatile organic solvent (such as ethanol or acetone) to reduce the self-adsorption of the small pieces of film. In this step, the cut membrane is immersed in the organic solvent, and the height of the organic solvent is 0.5 mm to 1 mm higher than the thickness of the membrane and the carbon nanotube film. Because the organic solvent is volatile, this embodiment also needs to use the conduit to continuously add the organic solvent, and control the liquid level of the organic solvent by controlling the flow rate of the organic solvent in the conduit so that it is far less than the diaphragm (the thickness of the carbon nanotube film is much smaller than Diaphragm thickness) is always 0.5-1mm higher.
(2)将一块碳纳米管薄膜也浸到所述有机溶剂中,在有机溶剂中首先同时沿碳纳米管薄膜四个角的方向对碳纳米管进行拉伸,然后对碳纳米管薄膜的各边进行微拉伸调整,去除小褶皱,使碳纳米管薄膜均匀平铺到隔膜上,在对碳纳米管薄膜的拉伸过程中,对碳纳米管薄膜拉伸应力为50GPa~150GPa。拉伸应力过大将导致碳纳米管薄膜破裂,而拉伸应力过小则难以去除褶皱,导致电极不均匀。(2) a piece of carbon nanotube film is also immersed in the organic solvent, first simultaneously stretches the carbon nanotube along the directions of the four corners of the carbon nanotube film in the organic solvent, and then each of the carbon nanotube film Micro-stretch adjustment is performed to remove small wrinkles, so that the carbon nanotube film is evenly spread on the diaphragm. During the stretching process of the carbon nanotube film, the tensile stress of the carbon nanotube film is 50GPa to 150GPa. Excessive tensile stress will cause cracking of the carbon nanotube film, while too small tensile stress will make it difficult to remove wrinkles, resulting in uneven electrodes.
(3)当碳纳米管薄膜平铺到隔膜上以后,提起隔膜的一端,然后以3~5cm/min的速度匀速将铺有碳纳米管薄膜的隔膜从有机溶剂中提起,在空气中让隔膜和碳纳米管薄膜上的有机溶剂完全挥发。由于碳纳米管薄膜会吸附大量有机溶剂,在提起过程中碳纳米管薄膜的自吸附力尚未恢复,不能牢固的吸附到隔膜上,因此,如果提起隔膜的速度过快(如大于5cm/min),碳纳米管薄膜容易从隔膜上滑落,影响其在隔膜上的平整度。另一方面,提起速度过慢将导致生产效率过低,经大量实验发现,当速度低于3cm/min时,进一步降低速度并不能使碳纳米管薄膜的平整度明显提高,因此,提起隔膜的速度一般不低于3cm/min。(3) After the carbon nanotube film is spread on the diaphragm, lift one end of the diaphragm, and then lift the diaphragm covered with the carbon nanotube film from the organic solvent at a constant speed of 3 to 5 cm/min, and let the diaphragm in the air And the organic solvent on the carbon nanotube film is completely volatilized. Since the carbon nanotube film will absorb a large amount of organic solvents, the self-adsorption force of the carbon nanotube film has not recovered during the lifting process, and it cannot be firmly adsorbed on the diaphragm. Therefore, if the speed of lifting the diaphragm is too fast (such as greater than 5cm/min) , the carbon nanotube film is easy to slip off the diaphragm, affecting its flatness on the diaphragm. On the other hand, if the lifting speed is too slow, the production efficiency will be too low. After a large number of experiments, it has been found that when the speed is lower than 3cm/min, further reducing the speed can not significantly improve the flatness of the carbon nanotube film. Therefore, the lifting of the diaphragm The speed is generally not lower than 3cm/min.
(4)按上述步骤(2)、(3)依次将多块薄膜小块平铺到隔膜上,并使各薄膜小块依次首尾相连地拼接形成完整的电极。(4) According to the above-mentioned steps (2) and (3), spread a plurality of thin film pieces on the diaphragm in sequence, and splice each small thin film piece end-to-end in order to form a complete electrode.
其中所述首尾相连地拼接就是多块薄膜小块在宽度方向上对齐,在长度方向上首尾相连平铺,相邻两块薄膜小块长度方向上的重叠部分为1~2mm。重叠部分太多会导致超级电容器的比电容降低,重叠部分太少,则会增加碳纳米管薄膜之间的接触电阻,影响超级电容器的功率密度。因此在优选实施例中相邻两块薄膜小块长度方向上的重叠部分限定为1~2mm。Wherein the end-to-end splicing means that multiple small film pieces are aligned in the width direction, and tiled end-to-end in the length direction, and the overlap between two adjacent film pieces in the length direction is 1-2mm. Too much overlap will reduce the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor, and too little overlap will increase the contact resistance between the carbon nanotube films and affect the power density of the supercapacitor. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the overlapping portion in the length direction of two adjacent thin film pieces is limited to 1-2 mm.
本实施例中,平铺后总的碳纳米管薄膜的宽度应小于隔膜的宽度,碳纳米管薄膜边缘距离隔膜的边缘一般要小2-3mm,总的碳纳米管薄膜的长度也应小于隔膜的宽度,碳纳米管薄膜的两端分别距离隔膜的两端的长度一般要1-3cm。平铺到隔膜上的碳纳米管薄膜的总尺寸(如:厚度和面积),即电容器薄膜电极的尺寸,将直接影响所制备的超级电容器的电容量和体积。In this embodiment, the width of the total carbon nanotube film after tiling should be less than the width of the diaphragm, the edge of the carbon nanotube film is generally 2-3mm smaller than the edge of the diaphragm, and the length of the total carbon nanotube film should also be less than the diaphragm. The width of the carbon nanotube film is generally 1-3 cm from the two ends of the membrane. The total size (such as: thickness and area) of the carbon nanotube film tiled on the diaphragm, that is, the size of the capacitor film electrode, will directly affect the capacitance and volume of the prepared supercapacitor.
通常,当碳纳米管薄膜电极的厚度较薄时,碳纳米管薄膜超级电容器的比电容较大,但是,在组装相同电容量的超级电容器时,较薄的碳纳米管薄膜作为电极,碳纳米管薄膜电极的面积较大,需要的隔膜面积就大,而隔膜的厚度大于碳纳米管薄膜的厚度,所以以此制备出的超级电容器的体积大;因此,为减小碳纳米管薄膜超级电容器体积,可通过层层叠加方式适当增加碳纳米管薄膜电极的厚度,然而当碳纳米管薄膜电极的厚度较厚时,在一定范围内,碳纳米管薄膜超级电容器的比电容将随薄膜电极的厚度增加而减小。因此,在组装相同电容量的超级电容器时,薄膜电极的厚度增加,所需的碳纳米管薄膜的总量就增加,综上所述,碳纳米管薄膜电极的尺寸需要视超级电容器的比电容和体积的具体要求来确定。Generally, when the thickness of the carbon nanotube film electrode is thinner, the specific capacitance of the carbon nanotube film supercapacitor is larger. However, when assembling a supercapacitor with the same capacitance, the thinner The area of the tube film electrode is large, and the required diaphragm area is large, and the thickness of the diaphragm is greater than the thickness of the carbon nanotube film, so the volume of the supercapacitor prepared by this is large; therefore, in order to reduce the carbon nanotube film supercapacitor The thickness of the carbon nanotube film electrode can be appropriately increased by stacking layers. However, when the thickness of the carbon nanotube film electrode is thicker, within a certain range, the specific capacitance of the carbon nanotube film supercapacitor will increase with the film electrode. decrease with increasing thickness. Therefore, when assembling a supercapacitor with the same capacitance, the thickness of the film electrode increases, and the total amount of carbon nanotube film required increases. In summary, the size of the carbon nanotube film electrode depends on the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor. and volume specific requirements to determine.
本实施例中,碳纳米管薄膜的总面积可以根据卷绕式超级电容器的电容量来扩展,可以远大于直接制备的碳纳米管薄膜的原始面积,即卷绕式超级电容器的电极面积可以不受碳纳米管薄膜的原始面积的限制。In this embodiment, the total area of the carbon nanotube film can be expanded according to the capacitance of the wound supercapacitor, which can be much larger than the original area of the directly prepared carbon nanotube film, that is, the electrode area of the wound supercapacitor can be reduced. Limited by the original area of the carbon nanotube film.
另外,本发明中薄膜小块还可以多层重叠以控制电极厚度,多层重叠即多块薄膜小块重叠平铺到隔膜上,碳纳米管薄膜电极的厚度与其重叠的层数成正比关系,碳纳米管薄膜的总厚度一般控制在300nm-100μm。多层重叠的实现方式即重复上述步骤(2)、(3)的方式,逐次将薄膜小块平铺。具体地说,首先将第一层薄膜小块平铺到隔膜上,然后依次在前一层薄膜小块上按照步骤(2)、(3)的方法平铺下一层薄膜小块,直至碳纳米管薄膜的总厚度达到所需要求。In addition, in the present invention, the film small pieces can also be stacked in multiple layers to control the thickness of the electrode. Multi-layer overlapping means that multiple film small pieces are overlapped and tiled on the separator. The thickness of the carbon nanotube film electrode is proportional to the number of layers it overlaps. The total thickness of the carbon nanotube film is generally controlled at 300nm-100μm. The way to realize multi-layer overlapping is to repeat the above-mentioned steps (2) and (3), and tile the small pieces of film one by one. Specifically, the first layer of thin film pieces are tiled on the diaphragm, and then the next layer of thin film pieces are tiled on the previous layer of thin film pieces according to the method of steps (2) and (3) until the carbon dioxide The total thickness of the nanotube film meets the required requirements.
在另一实施例中,还可以将拼接和重叠两种方式混合,以同时控制碳纳米管薄膜电极的长度和厚度。可以仅在平铺第一层、第三层,第五层等奇数层时,将各薄膜小块在长度方向上进行拼接,而在平铺第二层,第四层等偶数层时,薄膜小块可以不在长度方向上进行拼接。第三层,第五层等奇数层进行拼接时的标准与第一层一致。隔膜上所铺碳纳米管薄膜的面积和层数,可根据所需碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的尺寸及电容量等因素来决定。图1(a)部分分别示出了仅具有重叠结构的电极1、同时具有重叠和拼接结构的电极2和仅具有拼接结构的电极3。In another embodiment, the splicing and overlapping methods can also be mixed to simultaneously control the length and thickness of the carbon nanotube thin film electrode. Only when the first, third, fifth and other odd-numbered layers are tiled, the small pieces of film can be spliced in the length direction, and when the second, fourth, and other even-numbered layers are tiled, the Small pieces may not be spliced in the length direction. The third layer, the fifth layer and other odd-numbered layers are spliced according to the same standard as the first layer. The area and number of layers of the carbon nanotube film laid on the diaphragm can be determined according to the size and capacitance of the carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor required. Part (a) of FIG. 1 shows the electrode 1 with only the overlapping structure, the electrode 2 with both overlapping and spliced structures, and the electrode 3 with only the spliced structure.
三、碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的组装3. Assembly of carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor
将两块相同的铺有碳纳米管薄膜电极的隔膜重叠,如图1(b)部分所示,其中4为隔膜,5为电极。两块隔膜上的碳纳米管薄膜电极在重叠时要保证有隔膜互相隔开。利用卷轴将上述两块重叠隔膜卷绕,卷轴的长度大于隔膜宽度0.3~0.5cm,两块隔膜上的碳纳米管薄膜分别作为超级电容器的正负两个电极,卷绕过程中引出电极的引线,电极引线与碳纳米管薄膜的接触长度一般在0.5~1cm,将卷绕的隔膜组装到超级电容器的外壳中,加入电解液,最后密封组装超级电容器,如图1(c)部分所示。Two identical separators covered with carbon nanotube thin film electrodes are overlapped, as shown in part (b) of Figure 1, wherein 4 is the separator and 5 is the electrode. The carbon nanotube thin film electrodes on the two diaphragms must be separated from each other by the diaphragm when overlapping. Use a reel to wind the above two overlapping diaphragms. The length of the reel is 0.3 to 0.5 cm longer than the width of the diaphragm. The carbon nanotube films on the two diaphragms are respectively used as the positive and negative electrodes of the supercapacitor, and the lead wires of the electrodes are drawn out during the winding process. , the contact length between the electrode lead and the carbon nanotube film is generally 0.5 to 1 cm. The wound diaphragm is assembled into the shell of the supercapacitor, the electrolyte is added, and finally the supercapacitor is sealed and assembled, as shown in part (c) of Figure 1.
四、碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的综合性能实测数据4. Measured data of comprehensive performance of carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor
本测试中,以直接生长的厚度为400nm的独立无支撑的碳纳米管薄膜作为卷绕式超级电容器的电极材料。碳纳米管薄膜小块的长和宽分别为10cm和1.2cm;隔膜为Celgard 2325,长和宽分别为25cm和1.6cm。电解液为1M的无水高氯酸锂溶液(溶剂为摩尔比1∶1∶1的碳酸二乙酯,碳酸乙烯酯,碳酸二甲酯)。In this test, the directly grown independent unsupported carbon nanotube film with a thickness of 400nm is used as the electrode material of the wound supercapacitor. The length and width of the small piece of carbon nanotube film are 10cm and 1.2cm; the separator is Celgard 2325, and the length and width are 25cm and 1.6cm, respectively. The electrolyte solution is 1M anhydrous lithium perchlorate solution (the solvent is diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate in a molar ratio of 1:1:1).
以下为上述碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的电化学性能表征:The following is the electrochemical performance characterization of the above-mentioned carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor:
1.本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的循环伏安曲线1. The cyclic voltammetry curve of the carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor prepared in this example
图2为本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器在不同扫描速率下的循环伏安曲线(扫描速度分别为2mV/s,10mV/s,50mV/s)。图2显示:本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的循环伏安曲线在检测的电势范围内近似为矩形,这表明本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器为纯双电层电容器,并且对于电势反转有很好的电流响应。电容量随扫描速度的增加而增加,但是相对于碳纳米管薄膜质量的比电容量基本不变,表明其具有良好的功率特性。Figure 2 is the cyclic voltammetry curves of the carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor prepared in this example at different scan rates (scan rates are 2mV/s, 10mV/s, 50mV/s, respectively). Fig. 2 shows: the cyclic voltammetry curve of the carbon nanotube thin film wound supercapacitor prepared in this embodiment is approximately rectangular in the detected potential range, which shows that the carbon nanotube thin film wound supercapacitor prepared in this embodiment is Pure electric double layer capacitors with good current response to potential reversal. The capacitance increases with the scanning speed, but the specific capacitance relative to the mass of the carbon nanotube film remains basically unchanged, indicating that it has good power characteristics.
2.本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的阻抗图谱2. The impedance spectrum of the carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor prepared in this embodiment
图3为本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的阻抗图谱。从图3可以看出电容器的阻抗的虚部在低频率下迅速增加,证明了碳纳米管电极的电容行为。Fig. 3 is the impedance spectrum of the carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor prepared in this embodiment. It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the imaginary part of the impedance of the capacitor increases rapidly at low frequencies, proving the capacitive behavior of the carbon nanotube electrode.
3.本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的充放电曲线3. The charge-discharge curve of the carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor prepared in this example
图4为本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的充放电曲线,充电电流为5mA,从图4可以看出本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的充放电效率非常接近100%,电容器工作的截止电压与放电初始电压的差值非常小,这表明本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜超级电容器的等效串联电阻(ESR)非常小,由充放电曲线计算得到的本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜卷绕式超级电容器的质量比电容为25F/g,体积比电容65F/cm3,能量密度为13.6Wh/kg,功率密度为83.3kW/kg。本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜超级电容器的等效串联电阻(ESR)约为200mΩ/cm2,远远小于文献中报道的活性炭纤维布超级电容器的值(后者的ESR值大于1Ω/cm2)(Journal ofApplied Electrochemistry(2005)35:1067-1072),而体积比电容大于文献中报道的活性炭纤维布超级电容器的值(Journal of Applied Electrochemistry(2005)35:1067-1072);另外,本实施例制备的碳纳米管薄膜超级电容器的能量密度和功率密度值与一般活性炭纤维布等电极材料的超级电容器的能量密度和功率密度值(后者的能量密度一般小于10Wh/kg,功率密度一般小于30kW/kg)相比有明显的提高。Fig. 4 is the charge-discharge curve of the carbon nanotube thin film wound supercapacitor prepared by the present embodiment, and the charging current is 5mA, as can be seen from Fig. 4 the charge and discharge of the carbon nanotube thin film wound supercapacitor prepared by the present embodiment The efficiency is very close to 100%, and the difference between the cut-off voltage of capacitor work and the discharge initial voltage is very small, which shows that the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the carbon nanotube film supercapacitor prepared in this embodiment is very small, calculated from the charge-discharge curve The mass specific capacitance of the carbon nanotube film wound supercapacitor prepared in this example is 25 F/g, the volume specific capacitance is 65 F/cm 3 , the energy density is 13.6 Wh/kg, and the power density is 83.3 kW/kg. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the carbon nanotube thin film supercapacitor prepared in this embodiment is about 200mΩ/cm 2 , which is far less than the value of the activated carbon fiber cloth supercapacitor reported in the literature (the ESR value of the latter is greater than 1Ω/cm 2 ) (Journal of Applied Electrochemistry (2005) 35: 1067-1072), and the volume specific capacitance is greater than the value of the activated carbon fiber cloth supercapacitor reported in the literature (Journal of Applied Electrochemistry (2005) 35: 1067-1072); in addition, this The energy density and the power density value of the carbon nanotube film supercapacitor that embodiment prepares and the energy density and the power density value of the supercapacitor of electrode material such as general activated carbon fiber cloth (the energy density of the latter is generally less than 10Wh/kg, and power density is general Compared with less than 30kW/kg), there is a significant improvement.
上述的实施例仅用来说明本说明,它不应该理解为是对本说明的保护范围进行任何限制。而且,本领域的技术人员可以明白,在不脱离本实施例精神和原理下,对本实施例所进行的各种等效变化、变型以及在文中没有描述的各种改进均在本专利的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is only used to illustrate the description, and it should not be understood as any limitation on the protection scope of the description. Moreover, those skilled in the art can understand that without departing from the spirit and principle of this embodiment, various equivalent changes, modifications and various improvements not described in this embodiment are within the scope of protection of this patent. within.
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CN114846199B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2023-08-08 | 特线工业株式会社 | Method for producing elongated object composed of carbon nanotubes |
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