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CN101929423A - 铰接式风力涡轮机叶片末梢 - Google Patents

铰接式风力涡轮机叶片末梢 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101929423A
CN101929423A CN2010102194056A CN201010219405A CN101929423A CN 101929423 A CN101929423 A CN 101929423A CN 2010102194056 A CN2010102194056 A CN 2010102194056A CN 201010219405 A CN201010219405 A CN 201010219405A CN 101929423 A CN101929423 A CN 101929423A
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blade
wind turbine
fin
turbine blade
wind
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P·L·贝尼托
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F03D7/0228—Adjusting blade pitch of the blade tips only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/307—Blade tip, e.g. winglets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及铰接式风力涡轮机叶片末梢。具体而言，一种风力涡轮机叶片(20)包括多个翅片(22)，各翅片均可旋转地连结到叶片(20)的末梢上。

Description

铰接式风力涡轮机叶片末梢
技术领域
本文所述的主题主要涉及风力涡轮机，并且更具体地涉及具有铰接式末梢的风力涡轮机叶片。
背景技术
风力涡轮机是一种用于将风中的动能转变成机械能的机器。如果机械能由机械直接使用，如用来抽水或磨麦，则风力涡轮机可称为风车。类似的是，如果机械能转变成电力，则机器还可称为风力发电机或风力发电设备。
风力涡轮机通常根据叶片旋转所围绕的垂直轴线或水平轴线来分类。一种所谓的水平轴式风力发电机在图1中示意性地示出，且可从通用电气公司获得。用于风力涡轮机2的该特定构造包括支承机舱6的塔架4，该机舱6包含传动系8。叶片10布置在″自旋体(spinner)″或毂9上，以便在传动系8的一端于机舱6外形成″转子″。旋转叶片10驱动齿轮箱12，该齿轮箱12在传动系8的另一端处连接到发电机14上，该传动系8连同控制系统16一起布置在机舱6内，其中，控制系统16可接收来自于风速计18的输入。
当叶片10在″转子平面″内自旋时，该叶片产生升力且从流动空气中俘获随后给予转子的动量。各叶片10通常均在其″根部″端处固定到毂9上，且然后沿径向″向外侧″″翼展″至自由的″末梢″端。叶片10的前部或″前缘″连接首先接触空气的叶片最前点。叶片10的后部或″后缘″为已由前缘所分离的空气流在经过叶片的吸入表面和压力表面之后重新结合的部位。″弦线″在典型的空气流经过叶片的方向上连接叶片的前缘和后缘。弦线的长度简称为″翼弦″。叶片10的厚度沿翼展变化，而用语″厚度″通常用于描述对于任何特定弦线而言在低压吸入表面与叶片相对侧上的高压表面之间的最大距离。叶片10的外端称为“末梢”，而在叶片的相对端处，从末梢至根部的距离称为“翼展(跨距)”。当垂直于流动方向观察时，叶片10的形状称为“平面形状(planform)”。
世界知识产权组织公开No.2006/133715公开了一种用于风力涡轮机发电设备的叶片，其包括横向于叶片纵向方向的至少一个接头(joint)，围绕该接头，叶片转动的最外部分，处于叶片的初始旋转面之外，可由促动器进行控制，由此在运行中可以控制转子区域。接头可围绕如铰接件或构造为弹性接头的旋转接头转动。多个接头可相继地定位在叶片中。
发明内容
与这些常规方式相关的各种缺陷在此通过在多种实施例中提供一种风力涡轮机叶片而予以解决，该风力涡轮机叶片包括多个翅片，各翅片均可旋转地连结到叶片的末梢上。
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种风力涡轮机叶片，其包括多个翅片，各翅片均可旋转地连结到叶片的末梢上。翅片可在三个维度中旋转。翅片还可由球形接头可旋转地连结。该风力涡轮机叶片还可包括用于旋转翅片的促动器。
根据本发明的第二实施例，提供了一种风力发电机，其包括：塔架，其用于支承转子以及传动系；齿轮箱，其连接到转子上，用于驱动发电机；至少一个叶片，其连接到转子上，用于驱动齿轮箱；其中，叶片包括多个翅片，各翅片均可旋转地连结到叶片的末梢上。翅片可在三个维度中旋转。翅片还可由球形接头可旋转地连结。该风力涡轮机叶片还可包括用于旋转翅片的促动器。
附图说明
现在将参照以下附图(图)来描述本技术的各个方面，附图不必按比例绘制，但使用了相同的参考标号来表示全部各个视图中的对应零件。
图1为常规风力涡轮机的示意性侧视图。
图2是风力涡轮机叶片末梢的端视图。
图3是图2中所示风力涡轮机叶片末梢的正视图。
图4是另一风力涡轮机叶片末梢的端视图。
图5是图4中所示风力涡轮机叶片末梢的正视图。
图6是另一风力涡轮机叶片末梢的端视图。
图7是图6中所示风力涡轮机叶片末梢的正视图。
图8是风力涡轮机叶片末梢的示意性俯视图。
零件清单
2   风力涡轮机
4   塔架
6   机舱
8   传动系
9   毂
10  叶片
12  齿轮箱
14  发电机
16  控制系统
18  风速计
20  叶片
22  翅片
24  接头
26  翼梁
28  片材
30  栅栏(fence)
32  促动器
34  肋条
具体实施方式
图2是风力涡轮机叶片末梢20的端视图，而图3则是图2中所示风力涡轮机叶片末梢20的正视图。叶片末梢20可结合图1中所示风力涡轮机2上的叶片10或结合任何其它风力涡轮机叶片一起使用。
叶片末梢20包括一个或多个翅片22，这些翅片分别由接头24固定到叶片上。例如，如图4和图5中所示，可提供两个翅片22，以及如图6和图7中所示，可提供三个翅片。还可提供附加的翅片22。
翅片22可具有空气动力学形状。例如，如在图2、图4和图6的端视图中所示，翅片22的端型面可大体上对应于叶片末梢22的端型面。然而，还可采用其它的空气动力学型面。尽管文中在图3、图5和图7中还显示了四边形的平面形状，但还可提供其它的多边形和非多边形的平面形状构造，例如三角形、矩形以及梯形。翅片22还可结合主动流动控制装置使用，例如稳定喷吹促动器和/或合成射流的脉冲喷吹促动器。
接头(多个接头)24在对于对应翅片22的一个或多个轴线上提供了旋转自由度。例如，如图8中所示，接头24可构造为球形接头，用于在其中接头连接翼梁26两部分的两个或三个轴线上旋转。然而，也可提供其它的旋转和/或弹性接头构造。在图8中，接头24还由柔性材料覆盖，例如片材28，其可由波形硅化物、织物，或其它适合的材料制成。空气动力学栅栏30可提供在叶片末梢20附近的前缘和/或后缘处，以便进一步改善片材28的性能。
一个或多个促动器32可构造为例如具有定位马达，用以在各种构造中相对于球接头24旋转翅片22。例如，图8显示了布置在肋条34之间的单个促动器32，用于促动单个翅片22。然而，也可提供其它促动器构造。例如，对于图2至图7中的一些或所有翅片22而言，可提供类似的促动器。两个促动器可构造成用以提供前缘扫掠，而四个促动器可构造成用以提供在三个轴线上的旋转。还可采用翅片22的被动促动。
文中公开的技术提供了优于常规方式的各种优点，用于通过减小推力、降低噪音和振动以及增加转矩而增强风力涡轮机叶片的性能。例如，翅片22可经受控制，使得叶片20响应于对电力的更高需求而提供增加的该种电力。相反而言，还可通过使用促动器32和/或使叶片变桨而实现减少发电。促动器32还可通过降低末梢涡流强度而用来提高叶片性能，且因此提供降低的推力、减小的阻力、较弱的噪音、更小的振动。翅片22还可布置成用以最大限度地减小在叶片末梢20和塔架4(图1)之间的距离，尤其是在高风速、极端阵风或在任何速度下紧急停机的期间。
应当强调的是，上述实施例且尤其是任何″优选″实施例，仅仅是在此已阐述的各种实施方式的实例，用以提供对本技术的各个方面的清楚理解。本领域的普通技术人员将能够在基本上不脱离仅由所附权利要求的适合构成所限定的保护范围的情况下改变这些实施例中的一些。

Claims (8)

1.一种风力涡轮机叶片(20)，包括多个翅片(22)，各翅片均可旋转地连结到所述叶片的末梢上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机叶片(20)，其特征在于，所述翅片(22)可在三个维度中旋转。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的风力涡轮机叶片，其特征在于，所述翅片(22)通过球形接头(24)可旋转地连结。
4.根据上述权利要求中任何一项所述的风力涡轮机叶片(20)，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮机叶片(20)还包括用于旋转所述翅片的促动器(32)。
5.一种风力发电机，包括：
用于支承转子以及传动系(8)的塔架(4)；
齿轮箱(12)，其连接到所述转子上，用于驱动发电机(14)；
至少一个叶片(20)，其连接到所述转子上，用于驱动所述齿轮箱(12)；
其中，所述叶片(20)包括多个翅片，各翅片均可旋转地连结到所述叶片(20)的末梢上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的风力发电机，其特征在于，所述翅片(22)可在三个维度中旋转。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的风力发电机，其特征在于，所述翅片(22)通过球形接头(24)可旋转地连结。
8.根据权利要求5，6或7所述的风力发电机，其特征在于，所述风力发电机还包括用于旋转所述翅片(22)的促动器(32)。
CN2010102194056A 2009-06-22 2010-06-22 铰接式风力涡轮机叶片末梢 Pending CN101929423A (zh)

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US12/488,801 US20100135806A1 (en) 2009-06-22 2009-06-22 Hinged wind turbine blade tips

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CN107061147A (zh) * 2017-06-06 2017-08-18 华北电力大学 一种带有辅助翼的分叉式叶片
CN107120228A (zh) * 2017-06-06 2017-09-01 华北电力大学 一种带有对称辅助翼的三叉式叶片

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