The preparation method of cefathiamidine
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of medicinal chemicals cefathiamidine, belong to the synthetic field of chemicals.
Background technology
Cefathiamidine (Cefathiamidine) is a first generation cephalosporin, for China initiative and be used for clinical.
Be commonly called as: Cefathiamidine, C-18.Antimicrobial spectrum is similar to cefoxitin, to golden Portugal bacterium, Streptococcus viridans, pneumococcal effect is stronger, faecalis there is unique anti-microbial activity, is mainly used in infection such as respiratory tract infection due to golden Portugal bacterium, streptococcus pneumoniae and the suis, biliary tract infection, urinary tract infections, gynecological infection, septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis.USP 3,646, and 025 and " Chinese pharmaceutical chemistry magazine ", 2001,10, o. 11th, P293-294, and application number 200410102519.7 provides the synthetic method of cefathiamidine crude product.
Wherein preceding two kinds of more complicated are difficult for realizing.In U.S. Pat 3499893, preparation cefathiamidine acid two steps of experience.At first, with 7-ACA, NaCO3 is water-soluble, and in the acetone mixed solvent, 0 ℃ adds bromoacetyl bromide fast, behind the room temperature reaction 1h, concentrates then, and adding diethyl ether extracts and discard organic layer.Water layer adds ethyl acetate, transfers PH=2 with phosphoric acid under the low temperature, filters, and tells organic layer and washes with water.Add 2 ethyl hexanoic acid after the drying, friction bottle wall makes oily liquid separate out solid, filters.Obtain the sodium salt of cefathiamidine acid.Again that sodium salt is water-soluble, in the acetone mixed solvent, transfer PH=2 with phosphoric acid, separate out solid with glass rod friction bottle wall.Filter, get the acid of free cefathiamidine.It is too loaded down with trivial details that this method prepares cefathiamidine acid, and do not provide yield.
" Chinese pharmaceutical chemistry magazine ", 2001,10, o. 11th, the described method for preparing cefathiamidine of P293-294, experience 3 step reaction.The starting raw material 1 that the first step is used, 3-di-isopropyl amidino groups-2-sulfo--acetic acid hydrochloride just is difficult to obtain, and prepare the reagent that active ester uses is phosphorus oxychloride in addition, and very big pungency is arranged, and meets water and fiercely decomposes, and certain danger is arranged.Should avoid using as far as possible.The second, three step was the active ester reaction of the 7-ACA silanization is later and the first step, transferred PH, separated out crystal.After the recrystallization, yield 56%.
Chinese patent 200410102519.7 is simplified and has been improved United States Patent (USP) and prepares the method for cefathiamidine acid, and two steps were merged, and directly prepares cefathiamidine acid.But in the acid of mass production cefathiamidine, the solvent for use system is water-acetone, and the large percentage of water (2: 1) can make the bromoacetyl bromide hydrolysis, makes its consumption increase (1.3eq).Can produce a large amount of foams during with sodium bicarbonate dissolving 7-ACA, jar phenomenon of overflowing is arranged, could continue slowly to add sodium bicarbonate after must waiting lather collapse, make the operating time prolongation.And 7-ACA is unstable in basic solution, and time lengthening can influence quality product, and is particularly serious in the production.From the dripping bromine acetyl bromide, to regulating pH value, reaction all must be carried out at low temperature, and energy consumption is higher.And the cefathiamidine acid that dissociates out solubleness in ethyl acetate and acetone is all bad, must add the solvent extraction of a large amount of volumes, causes operational inconvenience.And the yield of this method 42% is unsatisfactory.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of new method for preparing cefathiamidine.
Used following raw material is conventional commercially available prod among the present invention.
7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (being called for short 7-ACA), molecular formula is C
10H
12N
2O
5S, molecular weight are 272.28, and chemical name is 3-acetyl-o-methyl-5-sulphur-7-amino-8-oxygen-1-azabicyclic oct-2-ene-2 carboxylic acid.
N, two (trimethyl silicon based) ethanamides of O-, common name: BSA, molecular formula: C
8H
21NOSi
2, molecular weight: 203.43, CAS No.:10416-59-8
Bromoacetyl bromide, molecular formula: C
2H
2Br
2O; Molecular weight: 201.84; CASNo.:598-21-0.
For solving technical problem of the present invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
(a) with 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid N, two (trimethyl silicon based) ethanamides of O-carry out silanization, react with bromoacetyl bromide again;
(b) again in alkaline reagents with N, N '-di-isopropyl thiourea prepared in reaction cefathiamidine.
Preferred organic is a methylene dichloride in the step (a).
Preferred step (a) 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid and N, the Silanization reaction of two (trimethyl silicon based) ethanamides of O-is at room temperature to carry out; Behind step (b) the 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid silanization again with bromoacetyl bromide 0 ℃ of reaction, dropwise the afterreaction temperature and can slowly rise to room temperature, continue reaction 1-3 hour.
Alkaline reagents described in the step (b) is preferably triethylamine.Preferred solvent is a methylene dichloride.Preferred reaction is at room temperature carried out, and the time of reaction is 2-4 hour.
Step (b) reaction finishes the back and adds the slightly soluble solvent, and the cefathiamidine crude product is separated out.Preferred slightly soluble solvent is selected from acetone.
The invention also discloses the process for purification of cefathiamidine crude product.The purification step of spore sulphur amidine crude product is: the cefathiamidine crude product is dissolved in appropriate solvent, and regulator solution PH is 4-5.5, adds slightly soluble solvent to solution and occurs muddy, the control stirring velocity continues slowly to drip the slightly soluble solvent, separates out product, separate, drying obtains cefathiamidine.Preferred appropriate solvent is selected from water; Preferred slightly soluble solvent is selected from acetone.
Useful technique effect of the present invention:
This patent focuses on the synthetic method of the key intermediate cefathiamidine acid of preparation cefathiamidine is improved; Simple to operate, the yield height, purity is good.
Use methylene dichloride to be solvent, the operation inconvenience that has brought when having solved sodium bicarbonate dissolving in the production with the BSA silanization, promptly avoid 7-ACA for a long time in the unstable of basic solvent, avoided the hydrolysis of bromoacetyl bromide again, reduced the charging capacity (leq gets final product) of bromoacetyl bromide;
After dripping bromoacetyl bromide, can room temperature reaction, reduced energy consumption.
Aftertreatment is simple, need not low temperature and transfers pH value, adds water treatment solid is separated out.Purity is good, and yield can reach about 90%.
Embodiment
The following examples are used for further specifying the present invention, but this and do not mean that any limitation of the invention.
Synthesizing of embodiment 1 cefathiamidine acid
Add methylene dichloride 50ml in the 250ml round-bottomed flask, 7-ACA 12g (0.044mol), BSA 11.2g, stirring at room 2h is to dissolving.At 0 ℃ of slow dripping bromine acetyl bromide 8.82g (0.044mol), dropwise the afterreaction temperature and can slowly rise to room temperature then, reaction 2h.In reaction solution, add distilled water 100ml, have a large amount of solids to separate out, continue to stir half an hour, suction filtration, filter cake washes with water, and vacuum-drying gets cefathiamidine acid 15.56g.Yield 90.2%.
Synthesizing of embodiment 2 cefathiamidine crude products
In the 150ml round-bottomed flask, add the acid of 3.93g cefathiamidine, the 40ml methylene dichloride, the 1.3ml triethylamine, the solution becomes clarification adds 1.6g N, N '-di-isopropyl thiourea, stirring at room 3 hours, the TLC detection reaction is complete.Slowly Dropwise 5 0ml acetone has solid to separate out, and continues to stir 2h, leaves standstill half an hour.Suction filtration, washing with acetone.Vacuum-drying gets cefathiamidine crude product 4.45g.Yield 94.1%.
Embodiment 3 refining cefathiamidine crude products
Add 5g cefathiamidine crude product in the 100ml round-bottomed flask, use the 5ml dissolved in distilled water, hydrochloric acid is regulated PH 5.5, adds a certain amount of acetone to solution and occurs muddy, the control stirring velocity continues slowly to drip acetone 50ml, crystallization 3h, suction filtration, washing with acetone, vacuum-drying gets cefathiamidine 4.6g.Purity 98.48%.