CN101916260A - A Method for Constructing Semantic Mapping Between Disaster Ontology and Relational Database - Google Patents
A Method for Constructing Semantic Mapping Between Disaster Ontology and Relational Database Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for establishing semantic mapping between a disaster body and a relational database and belongs to the field of geo-spatial information systems. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, establishing a mapping relationship between the database and the disaster body by using a middle model; 2, extracting information participating in the semantic mapping of the disaster body from the database and generating a relational database mode; 3, according to the relational database mode, establishing the mapping relationship between the disaster body and the database mode; and 4, outputting the acquired mapping relationship between the disaster body and the database mode. The retrieval efficiency of data is effectively improved by establishing the mapping relationship between the database and the disaster body.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geospatial information system field, relate in particular to the method for establishing semantic mapping between a kind of disaster body and relational database.
Background technology
At present, the research about semantic net is more and more in the global computer scientific domain.The main target that makes up semantic net provides a general semantic frame, realizes data sharing with integrated between different application.Body is as the basis of semantic net, and it is domain knowledge generalities and modeled a kind of approach, can be used to the semantic information of data of description.Its target is the relevant knowledge in the field of catching, and the common understanding to this domain knowledge is provided, and determines the vocabulary of common approval in this field, and provides the clearly definition of mutual relationship between these vocabulary (term) and the vocabulary from the formalization pattern of different levels.Body can be translated between different modeling methods, normal form, language and Software tool and shine upon, to realize interoperability and the succession between the different system; It can be to the notion of knowledge and the relation mutually carry out comparatively precise definition, and singly be not the structure of a store data, therefore word and semantically all than database can represent informative many.
Although semantic net is obtaining interim success such as many applications such as information retrieval, the real practical application of its distance still has a very long process.A wherein main reason is that most data are still stored in the mode of relational database on the present WWW, causes the semantic net application program can not freely visit and handle these data, thereby has limited the development of semantic net.A major issue when therefore, how under the semantic net environment, using existing data that are stored in the relational database in the semantic net correlative study.
In fact data interoperation problem between relational database and body can be summed up as the mapping problems between relational data base schema and body.In traditional relational database, the structure of relation table and integrity constraint thereof are all defined by relational data base schema, and exist many approximate corresponding relations between relational data base schema and body, for example the table in the relational data base schema can correspond to the class in the body.Therefore, the interoperability that realizes data between relational database and the body can solve by making up the approach that shines upon between relational data base schema and body.
Existing mapping tool can be divided into two classes: one is to use the mapping rule file between mapping language or instrument establishment database and the body, by par-ticular processor this document is handled again; The 2nd, directly handle mapping ruler, do not generate mapped file.The mode that generates mapping rule file has greater flexibility, not only can realize dynamic mapping, and after database schema is revised, is renewable mapping ruler by the simple modification mapped file.The mode of directly handling mapping ruler is simple relatively, do not need the user to carry out subsequent treatment, can directly obtain the result after mapping ruler is handled, but this method all is disposable finishing usually, in case promptly raw data base then needs to regenerate mapping result through revising.
Disaster body is a domain body, is the extension of body in the disaster field.It relates to the spatial relationship of object in the ground with the maximum differential of general body.The latter's various attributes can be deposited in relational database.When making up between disaster body and relational data base schema Semantic mapping, can be referring to more existing mapping methods and instrument, but the latter can not satisfy the structure demand of Semantic mapping between disaster body and relational data base schema fully.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the object of the present invention is to provide the method for establishing semantic mapping between a kind of disaster body and relational database, by the mapping relations of opening relationships database and disaster body, effectively improved the recall precision of data.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides the method for establishing semantic mapping between a kind of disaster body and relational database, described method comprises:
Step 1, database and disaster body are set up mapping relations by mid-module;
Step 2, from described database, extract the information that participates in the disaster body Semantic mapping, generate relational data base schema;
Step 3, according to described relational data base schema, set up the mapping relations of disaster body and relational data base schema;
The described disaster body that step 4, output obtain and the mapping relations of relational data base schema.
Preferably, described method also comprises:
Step 5, based on the mapping relations of described disaster body and relational data base schema, create the example of disaster body automatically.
Preferably, described mid-module is the unified modeling language uml diagram.
Preferably, the set that to be four-tuple constitute as element of the mapping relations of described relational data base schema and described disaster body id, and S, GD_onto, C}, wherein
Id is an element identifier (element ID), is used for this four-tuple of unique identification;
S and GD_onto are respectively the element in database schema and the disaster body, and satisfy P (s)=GD_onto;
Relation between C descriptive data base and the disaster body.
Preferably, described disaster body is { (T
A, L
A, A), R
A(A, O
A), I
A, wherein: T
ABe the moment that incident takes place, L
ABe the position that incident takes place, A is a disaster incident phenomenon; R
ABe the set of relationship between disaster incident and its effective object, O
ABe disaster incident effective object, I
ABe specific geographic disaster event sets.
As shown from the above technical solution, the concrete condition by the marriage relation data-base content has proposed the Semantic mapping method based on the data processing expression formula, and has successfully set up the mapping relations of disaster data storehouse and geographical body.Compare with existing method, this method does not need to change the existing database pattern, only when being necessary data are handled, and can set up the mapping relations of equity between database and the disaster body, promote geospatial information semantic sharing and integrated effectively, improved the recall precision of geographical spatial data.In addition, realized that on the basis of mapping method the disaster body example creates automatically, can reduce the problem that inefficiency that manual creation brings is very easily made mistakes effectively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of disaster body and relation data interblock establishing semantic mapping in the present embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the building process synoptic diagram of body and database in the present embodiment;
Fig. 3 realizes setting up the synoptic diagram of mapping relations by mid-module for database in the present embodiment and body;
Fig. 4 is the mapping relations synoptic diagram between relational data base schema and the body in the present embodiment.
Embodiment
For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make the embodiment of the invention is clearer,, the embodiment of the invention is done explanation in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing.At this, illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation are used to explain the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.
In order better to understand the technical scheme in the present embodiment, at first the following term that uses in the present embodiment is made an explanation below:
Relational data model: the description to structure, contact and the constraint of a certain class data is called data pattern.Here provide a definition of relational data base schema simply, promptly a relational data base schema (S) is made up of one group of relation schema, wherein comprises base table structure (T) and two parts of integrity constraint (C) of database.Structure, attribute (row) and the data type and the length etc. of base table organization definition relation (table); The integrity constraint definition is applied to the semantic constraint on the data.
Body is knowledge, information and data abstraction Cheng Youyi the object (or entity) with common recognition relevant scientific domain, and the system of forming according to certain relation, carries out generalities simultaneously and handles and clearly define, and expresses with formalization at last.
Disaster body: belonging to a kind of body, is the extension of body in the disaster field, is to the clear and definite formalized description of disaster Event Concepts model.Disaster body can be defined as follows: GD_onto={ (T
A, L
A, A), R
A(A, O
A), I
A, wherein: T
ABe the moment that incident takes place, L
ABe the position that incident takes place, A is a disaster incident phenomenon; R
ABe the set of relationship between disaster incident and its effective object, O
ABe disaster incident effective object.R in the field
ACan be defined as the subclass of n dimension cartesian product, i.e. R
A: (A
1, O
Ai) * (A
2, O
A2) * ... * (A
n, O
An), wherein each concerns R
ABinary relation between the expression disaster incident.I
A={ I
k| k ∈ N, N are integer } be specific geographic disaster event sets.I
kBe concrete geographical disaster incident,, comprise the attribute items such as relation between time, position, incident phenomenon and incident and its effective object by forming behind the every attribute assignment in the geographical disaster Event Concepts.
Mapping between relational data base schema and the body can be as giving a definition: a given relational data base schema S and a body GD_onto, mapping P between the two is a set { p} who is made of as element four-tuple, wherein, p represents a basic map unit, can be write as { id, S, GD_onto, the form of C}.Id is an element identifier (element ID), is used for this four-tuple of unique identification; S and GD_onto are respectively the element in S and the GD_onto set, and satisfy P (S)=GD_onto; C describes the relation between S and the GD_onto, for example, and relation of equivalence, relation of inclusion, overlapping relation, relation of disjointness etc.
Referring to Fig. 1, be the method flow diagram of disaster body in the present embodiment and relation data interblock establishing semantic mapping, concrete steps are as follows:
Referring to Fig. 2, for relational database in the present embodiment is mapped to the synoptic diagram of body semantic model, by process shown in Figure 2 as can be known, the common base that body and database have is a real world and the abstract conceptual model that obtains on this basis.Owing to disaster body or database can't be reduced into real world, conceptual model then becomes the unique common base that can realize mapping relations that body and database have.Conceptual model is a kind of network model, and it more can directly describe real world.But conceptual model is a kind of abstract model, needs to adopt certain mode to express.In view of having created the auxiliary conceptual model of UML (unified modeling language) when making up body, and uml diagram is a kind of standard media of communication, can continue to adopt the mid-module (Fig. 3) of this model as fulfillment database and Ontology Mapping.The UML submodel that mid-module is created when making up disaster body, under guaranteeing the complete semantic situation, remove and database in incoherent notion and generating, finally eliminate relational data base schema and the body isomerism on model.
The fundamental purpose of extracting relational data base schema is information extraction such as the table that will participate in the disaster body Semantic mapping in the relational database, field, constraint and shows, when defining mapping relations with reference to use.As shown in the table, the earthquake disaster database table and the field of extraction.
| The earthquake date | Origin time | The building construction breaking-up (M2) of collapsing | The building construction havoc | Building construction is (slight; Medium) damage (M2) |
| On August 20th, 1962 | 2: 28: 38 | 63107 | 137792 | 226881 |
| November 15 nineteen fifty-nine | 18: 25: 16 | 15 | 210 | 5739 |
| On April 4th, 1961 | 17: 46: 40 | 60 | 540 | 9028 |
| On August 29th, 1963 | 16: 53: 50 | 1694365 | 110540 | 1874778；1979910 |
| On February 12nd, 1969 | 6: 08: 51 | 940924 | 9200656 | 22165；397566 |
Need do two complex process at this: the one, with " building construction is (slight; Medium) damage (M2) " field contents splits into " building construction slight damage (M2) " and " the medium damage of building construction (M2) " two; The 2nd, " earthquake date " and " origin time " are merged into " earthquake time " data item.Concrete disposal route will be introduced when next step is provided with the data processing expression formula.
In case eliminated the otherness between database and the ontology model, can between database schema and Ontological concept, seek mapping relations.Table in the general database is always corresponding to notion in the body or object properties, and then corresponding to the instances of ontology of needs establishment, the field of table is corresponding to the data type attribute in the body for the record of table.Can set up the mapping relations between database and the body thus:
Suppose that function Map is the expression formula that need handle when database schema is mapped to ontology model;
For database table T, exist
Wherein, R
OBe object properties corresponding in the ontology model, C
MBe notion corresponding in the ontology model;
Field F for database table T
T, have Map (F
T)=R
DWherein, R
DBe corresponding data types in the ontology model;
And, for all properties R of ontology model
M, have (R
O∪ R
D) ∈ R
M
Through after the above step, can seek the corresponding relation of each element between database schema and the ontology model, thereby and corresponding data processing expression formula is set sets up mapping relations between the two.As shown in Figure 4.
The disaster body that step 104, output obtain and the mapping relations of relational data base schema.
Seek the corresponding relation of database schema and ontology model and just lay a good foundation, still need the corresponding data content of database schema is made necessary processing, just can make the mapping relations of setting up equity between the two for final data processing expression formula is set.Extracted the earthquake disaster database schema, generated the auxiliary conceptual model of disaster body at this, and the data processing function is provided." building construction is (slight to handle; Medium) damage (M2) " field is example, the data processing expression formula of generation be that " stringToInt (split (" xinjiang_data. building construction is (slightly; Medium) damage (M2) ", "; ") [0])=" earthquake. slightly damage house " ", meaning is about to database table xinjing_data field, and " building construction is (slight; Medium) damage (M2) " data content press symbol "; " first result after cutting apart convert integer to and the attribute item that equals Ontological concept " earthquake " " is slightly damaged the house ".
The researchist who carries out disaster body and relational database mappings work must understand data-base content and corresponding body content simultaneously, and therefore in actual conditions, mappings work may need body to make up personnel, data base administrator's fellowship.Body makes up personnel need convert ontology model to the body conceptual model, for database library management personnel reference.The data base administrator need provide the database relevant information to help the corresponding relation between Ontology Mapping personnel searching database and the body and corresponding data processing expression formula is set.
" national space information system " with the input actual motion is experimental subjects, based on E-Government spatial database and disaster data database data, carries out the automatic establishment based on the disaster body example of Semantic mapping.By the mapping relations between the two, the data assignment in the database in corresponding instances of ontology, thereby realize the automatic establishment of instances of ontology.
The mapping rule file form of this paper definition is as follows.A complete class mapping can be created a complete disaster body example thus by a plurality of data attribute mappings, object properties mapping and one " example naming rule ".Wherein, " example naming rule " by " table name. field name " and character string combine; Data attribute mapping by " data attribute name ", corresponding " table name. field name " and handle expression formula and constitute.The object properties mapping promptly is the mapping of the complete body class of another one.
＜class name 〉
＜[example naming rule]/〉
＜mapping relations expression formula 〉
＜data attribute name/〉
＜table name. field name/
＜processing expression formula/〉
＜/mapping relations expression formula 〉
＜object properties 〉
＜class name 〉
......
＜/class name 〉
＜/object properties 〉
＜/class name 〉
Complete mapping ruler is as follows:
＜Class value=" earthquake " 〉
＜InstanceName value=" xinjing_data. earthquake time+xinjing_data. with reference to place name+' earthquake ' "/
<MapExpression>
＜DatatypePropertyName value=" badly damaged house "/〉
＜TableColumnName value=" xinjing_data. building construction havoc (M2) "/〉
<TypeConverter?value＝″stringToInt(‘$1)’″/>
</MapExpression>
<MapExpression>
＜DatatypePropertyName value=" slight damage house "/〉
" the xinjing_data. building construction is (slight for＜TableColumnName value=; Medium) damage (M2) "/
<TypeConverter?value＝″split(‘$1’)[0]″/>
</MapExpression>
......
＜ObjectProperty value=" earthquake centre of earthquake " 〉
＜Class value=" earthquake centre " 〉
＜InstanceName value=" Xinjiang_data. earthquake time+Xinjiang_data. with reference to place name+' earthquake epicenter ' "/
<MapExpression>
＜DatatypePropertyName value=" with reference to place name "/〉
＜TableColumnName value=" Xinjiang_data. is with reference to place name "/〉
<TypeConverter?value＝″stringToDouble(‘$1’)″/>
</MapExpression>
......
</Class>
</ObjectProperty>
</Class>
When reading in the relational database data, be the round-robin starting point still, promptly from the beginning reading of data of " earthquake " class with the root node object in the disaster body model object.But the establishment of the example then target leaf node from the Ontological concept model begins, and promptly creates " earthquake position " example earlier, creates " earthquake " example at last.Earlier judges whether have this example in the target body before creating example, if existence then directly obtain this instances of ontology and it is set to corresponding object properties value according to the naming rule that defines in the mapping ruler.If there is no, then create this example, write down this Instance Name simultaneously, it is set to the value of corresponding objects attribute after his father's example is created.
The establishment of disaster body example also relates to relation (being the object properties in the body) and the example naming rule problem between example and other examples.If regard the Ontological concept model as a tree-model, then according to create instances of ontology from leaf node to the root node order.Because leaf node does not have child node, its relation is the simplest, the easiest establishment.And the child node of root node (child node that comprises child node, the rest may be inferred) is maximum, and its relation is the most complicated, the most difficult establishment.
As shown from the above technical solution, the concrete condition by the marriage relation data-base content has proposed the Semantic mapping method based on the data processing expression formula, and has successfully set up the mapping relations of disaster data storehouse and geographical body.Compare with existing method, this method does not need to change the existing database pattern, only when being necessary data are handled, and can set up the mapping relations of equity between database and the disaster body, promote geospatial information semantic sharing and integrated effectively, improved the recall precision of geographical spatial data.In addition, realized that on the basis of mapping method the disaster body example creates automatically, can reduce the problem that inefficiency that manual creation brings is very easily made mistakes effectively.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the method for establishing semantic mapping between disaster body and relational database is characterized in that described method comprises:
Step 1, database and disaster body are set up mapping relations by mid-module;
Step 2, from described database, extract the information that participates in the disaster body Semantic mapping, generate relational data base schema;
Step 3, according to described relational data base schema, set up the mapping relations of disaster body and relational data base schema;
The described disaster body that step 4, output obtain and the mapping relations of relational data base schema.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
Step 5, based on the mapping relations of described disaster body and relational data base schema, create the example of disaster body automatically.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described mid-module is the unified modeling language uml diagram.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the set that to be four-tuple constitute as element of the mapping relations of described relational data base schema and described disaster body id, and S, GD_onto, C}, wherein
Id is an element identifier (element ID), is used for this four-tuple of unique identification;
S and GD_onto are respectively the element in database schema and the disaster body, and satisfy P (s)=GD_onto;
Relation between C descriptive data base and the disaster body.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described disaster body is { (T
A, L
A, A), R
A(A, O
A), I
A, wherein: T
ABe the moment that incident takes place, L
ABe the position that incident takes place, A is a disaster incident phenomenon; R
ABe the set of relationship between disaster incident and its effective object, O
ABe disaster incident effective object, I
ABe concrete geographical disaster event sets.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103186628A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2013-07-03 | 上海可鲁系统软件有限公司 | Method for mapping between common information model and relational database |
| CN103186620A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2013-07-03 | 上海可鲁系统软件有限公司 | CIM mapping method |
| CN103235820A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-08-07 | 北京搜狐新媒体信息技术有限公司 | Data storage method and device in a cluster system |
| CN103390039A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-11-13 | 北京建筑工程学院 | Urban disaster thematic map real-time generating method based on network information |
| CN108319606A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2018-07-24 | 北大方正集团有限公司 | The construction method and device of specialized database |
| CN111160786A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-15 | 大连海事大学 | Body-based building earthquake risk assessment method |
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2010
- 2010-07-21 CN CN2010102323292A patent/CN101916260A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103186628A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2013-07-03 | 上海可鲁系统软件有限公司 | Method for mapping between common information model and relational database |
| CN103186620A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2013-07-03 | 上海可鲁系统软件有限公司 | CIM mapping method |
| CN103186628B (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2016-09-28 | 上海可鲁系统软件有限公司 | A kind of mapping method between common information model and relevant database |
| CN103235820A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-08-07 | 北京搜狐新媒体信息技术有限公司 | Data storage method and device in a cluster system |
| CN103235820B (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2016-10-05 | 北京搜狐新媒体信息技术有限公司 | Date storage method and device in a kind of group system |
| CN103390039A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-11-13 | 北京建筑工程学院 | Urban disaster thematic map real-time generating method based on network information |
| CN103390039B (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2017-02-08 | 北京建筑工程学院 | Urban disaster thematic map real-time generating method based on network information |
| CN108319606A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2018-07-24 | 北大方正集团有限公司 | The construction method and device of specialized database |
| CN108319606B (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2021-10-26 | 北大方正集团有限公司 | Construction method and device of professional database |
| CN111160786A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-15 | 大连海事大学 | Body-based building earthquake risk assessment method |
| CN111160786B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2024-05-03 | 大连海事大学 | Building earthquake risk assessment method based on ontology |
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Application publication date: 20101215 |