CN101890956B - 测量混合动力车辆的质量的装置和方法 - Google Patents
测量混合动力车辆的质量的装置和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
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- B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
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- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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- B60W2530/00—Input parameters relating to vehicle conditions or values, not covered by groups B60W2510/00 or B60W2520/00
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种测量混合动力车辆的质量的装置和方法,所述混合动力车辆具有原动机、装有飞轮的次级动机以及可与车辆的传动系和飞轮连接的无级变速器(CVT),所述装置包括在能量在混合动力车辆和飞轮之间转移的过程中测量CVT传动比变化率的装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种测量飞轮混合动力车辆的质量的装置和方法。
背景技术
典型的飞轮混合动力车辆装有作为原动机(primary mover)的内燃机和装有作为储能和回收装置的飞轮的次级动机(secondary movers)。
2008年4月14-17日出版的(美国)汽车工程师协会技术论文(SAEtechnical paper)2008-01-0083描述了一种由连接在车辆的发动机和变速箱之间并且用于通过齿轮组(gearset)驱动飞轮的无级变速器(CVT)组成的装置。该装置可以增加或减小由发动机提供的动力(power)。
US 2008/0105475号专利文件公开了一种具有用于车辆的动力传动系统(powertrain)、飞轮以及互连动力传动系统及飞轮的无级变速器的机动车辆(automotive vehicle)。当车辆减速时,来自动力传动系统及其相关传动装置的能量转移到飞轮。相反地,为了加速车辆,存储在飞轮中的能量可以转移到动力传动系统。
适用于飞轮混合动力车辆的典型的CVT装有钢带变换器并且具有大约6的传动比范围。为了调整加压油到变换器的流量,CVT的操作通常受控于打开和关闭电磁阀的电子单元。
典型的飞轮混合动力车辆中,飞轮可以通过离合器连接到无级变速器并且通过离合器与无级变速器分离。例如,当车辆正以恒定的速度行驶时离合器可以打开,然后当车辆减速时离合器可以闭合,允许飞轮旋转加速。另一种操作模式中,一俟用转动动能对飞轮预蓄能,就可以闭合离合器以便车轮由飞轮通过CVT驱动,藉此补充发动机动力。
对于飞轮混合动力车辆的平稳操作,尤其是当在飞轮驱动和发动机驱动之间切换时,知晓车辆的质量是有好处的。此外,为了让任何车辆控制系统能够计算将车辆加速到所需速度所必需的加速飞轮旋转所需的附加动力(motive power)量,必须知晓车辆的质量。如果车辆控制系统知道了车辆的质量,就知道了可以从车辆中回收并且存储在飞轮中用于稍后使用的能量总量。因此,这允许车辆动力的有效管理并且因此可以实现燃料经济节约。此外,一俟知晓车辆的质量,控制系统就可以提高车辆在回收能量(在飞轮中)时减速的平稳程度,同样地,提高车辆在从飞轮释放能量时加速的平稳程度。这些可能性显著地减小了CVT的变换器的机械磨损并且节约了养护费用。
根据制造商的数据可以知晓无负载的车辆质量。然而车辆的质量将根据任何特定时间所运载的负载而波动。这样的波动在货车/商用车的情况下较为明显。商用车的总质量在无负载和满载之间变化并且有时甚至是超载。这意味着某一特定路面速度的车辆的总动能与存储在飞轮中的最大动能之间的比率还可以略微变化。不测量并且其操作适于该变化的系统将实现低于最佳燃料节约的潜能。此外,加速和减速(改进(refinement))过程中的驱动平稳程度将达不到最佳。缺少驱动改进增加了机械应变和磨损,对操作者来说最终导致较高的养护费用。
发明内容
因此,提供一种测量车辆质量超过无负载质量的任何增长的装置。
第一方面,本发明由测量具有原动机、装有飞轮的次级动机以及可与车辆的传动系和飞轮连接的无级变速器(CVT)的混合动力车辆的质量的装置组成,其中,所述装置包括在能量在混合动力车辆和飞轮之间转移的过程中测量CVT传动比变化率的装置。
第二方面,本发明由测量具有原动机、装有飞轮的次级动机以及在车辆的传动系和飞轮之间连接的无级变速器(CVT)的混合动力车辆的质量的方法组成,其中所述方法包括以下步骤:加速飞轮旋转;检测驾驶员加速要求,以及;能量从飞轮转移到车辆的过程中,测量CVT传动比变化率。
第三方面,本发明由测量具有原动机、装有飞轮的次级动机以及在车辆的传动系和飞轮之间连接的无级变速器(CVT)的混合动力车辆的质量的方法组成,其中所述方法包括以下步骤:检测驾驶员减速要求,以及;能量从车辆转移到飞轮的过程中,测量CVT传动比变化率。
第四方面,本发明包含具有原动机、装有飞轮的次级动机以及可与车辆的传动系和飞轮连接的无级变速器的混合动力车辆,并且装有根据本发明所述第一方面的装置。
可以提供设置在无级变速器(CVT)和飞轮之间的离合器,以便飞轮可以联接到车辆的传动系以及从车辆的传动系分离。
方便地,转动速度传感器可以设置在CVT的任意一侧(例如,在其输入和输出轴上)并且用于测量转动速度,因此能够测量CVT传动比变化率。
可选择地,传动比变化率可以由从设置在飞轮上以及设置在车辆传动系或车轮上的转动传感器收到的测量结果中推导出。
如果以特定速度驱动飞轮混合动力车辆并且用特定能量对飞轮蓄能,对于每个特定车辆速度,都可以找到与飞轮速度匹配以使得飞轮既不存储也不对车辆释放能量的CVT变换器传动比。这可以定义为“中立”速度。如果能量回收发生在驾驶员释放油门踏板(没有操作制动)时,典型的车辆控制系统将为减速推出一预先确定的目标值,该值需要由车辆通过提取能量并且将其存储在飞轮中实现。为了实现该固定的减速所需要提取的能量依赖于车辆的质量。因此,需要转移到飞轮从而实现该设定的减速目标的能量与车辆的质量直接成比例。
同样地,如果当驾驶员踩下油门踏板时,能量释放(即,从飞轮转移到车辆),典型的车辆控制系统将为加速推出一预先确定的目标值,该值需要通过从飞轮中提取能量并将其转移到车辆。此外,为了实现该固定加速所需要提取的能量依赖于车辆的质量。
存储在飞轮中的能量的总量可以通过飞轮加速的总量测量,例如需要超过并且高于飞轮中立速度。飞轮加速通过正确选择变换器传动比实现。因此在驾驶员释放油门踏板(没有操作制动)或者踩下油门踏板的周期中,车辆质量可以通过监测变换器传动比脱离中立传动比的变化率来确定。
比方说,例如,车辆以恒定速度在平路上行驶,并且飞轮已经预蓄能且加速旋转到特定角速度。飞轮具有已知的惯性并且可以通过了解其惯性和转动速度计算存储在其中的能量总量。当飞轮联接到CVT时,可以将该能量(减去一些小的空气动力学和摩擦损耗)转移到车辆传动系。对于无负载车辆,CVT传动比变化率将具有特定值。当车辆满载时,其较大的质量意味着,为了使能量在飞轮和车辆的传动系之间转移,CVT的变换器将不得不更艰难地工作。因此,传动比变化率将与质量的增加成比例变化。
空气动力学和摩擦损耗将具有某一效应并且还可以根据车辆速度而变化。这样的损耗可以根据制造商的数据或者可选择地通过驾驶车辆时的“滑行测试(coast down)”参数来确定。然后可以相应地修正质量测量。可以为此目的制订查找表。
测量最好在平路上完成。如果车辆正在上坡或者正在下坡,由于坡度效应,质量测量将是错误的。如果车辆装配有测量坡度的仪器,例如车载测斜仪(inclinometer)或者全球定位/导航仪(global positioning/navigationequipment),可以计算并补偿该坡度效应。
对车辆质量的认识能够使控制原动机和次级动机的应用时的前馈策略得以使用。如果车辆质量已知,控制系统可以预测特定飞轮存储的能量将使车辆加速多少。其还可以预测当车辆制动时有多少能量可以存储在飞轮中。这提供了燃料节约的好处。
附图说明
现在参照附图,仅通过举例的方式说明本发明的实施例,附图(图1)表示装有根据本发明的质量测量装置的飞轮混合动力车辆的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1中,车辆1包括通过变速箱4和前轴5驱动一对前轮3的内燃机2。一对后轮6通过后轴7、差动单元8和传动轴9连接到无级变速器(CVT)10。CVT 10是钢带变换器类型并且其操作受控于电子控制模块(ECU)11。为了控制加压油到变换器的流量,ECE 11打开和关闭电磁阀(图中未示出)。CVT 10连接到飞轮12。
包含存储单元14的电子测量模块(EMM)13,与ECU 11相通并且可以接收来自油门踏板位置传感器15的输入。
两个转动速度传感器16、17位于CVT 10的任意一侧。转动速度传感器中的一个转动速度传感器16位于CVT 10的传动轴的一侧(在本例子中表示为CVT 10的输出轴),并且另一个转动速度传感器17位于飞轮侧(在本例子中表示为CVT 10的输入轴)。
EMM 13接收来自转动速度传感器16、17的测量结果以及来自车轮速度传感器19的测量结果。
存储单元14包含飞轮12的转动惯量的值以及车辆校准数据。具体地,其包含当车辆1处在无负载状态下,在特定的能量总量在飞轮12和车辆1之间转移的过程中,测量所得的涉及所期望的变换器传动比的变化率的校准数据。存储单元14还包含车辆速度范围内的空气动力学和摩擦损耗的查找表。该查找表可以由原始的校准和测试数据编制。
本例子中,车辆质量测量在能量从飞轮12到车辆1的转移过程中实施。测量过程开始之前,飞轮加速旋转到某一速度,比如说60,000rpm。这由速度传感器17测量并由EMM 13记录。EMM 13根据存储在存储单元14中的数据知晓飞轮12的转动惯量,其可以计算可用于释放到车辆从而满足加速要求的能量总量。
测量过程由EMM 13检测车辆加速要求开始。想让车辆加速的驾驶员,通过踩下油门踏板一定量来要求增加扭矩(该情况下从次级动机中要求扭矩增加)。比方说,例如,驾驶员希望从30mph加速到40mph。他将保持踩下踏板直到车辆达到所需要的目标速度。满载车辆到达目标速度将比无负载车辆到达目标速度慢。油门踏板位置传感器15检测移动及其量值并将其传达到EMM 13。EMM 13利用存储在存储单元14中的车辆校准数据计算驾驶员所要求的等同于油门踏板位置的附加扭矩的值。假定为了达到额外的扭矩要求,在飞轮中已经存在足够的能量,为了让CVT开始将存储在飞轮12中的能量转移到车辆1,EMM 13将信号发送到ECU 11指示其对CVT变速器增加液压。
所要求的额外扭矩等于从飞轮12到车辆1的能量流动。这样的能量流动的最终结果是飞轮转动速度(即CVT输入轴)的降低以及对应的CVT输出轴的转动速度的增加。此外,给定了飞轮的转动惯量,EMM 13就知晓在需要的能量总量已经释放之前飞轮必须降低到的转动速度。因此,当该能量正在转移时,CVT变换器传动比的改变率的值从由传感器16、17提供的CVT输出和输入轴的转动速度的测量结果中计算。该计算值与无负载车辆的期望值相比。计算值偏离期望值的量与车辆的质量增加成比例。
为了提高测量的准确度,可以通过利用存储单元14中的查找表补偿空气动力学和摩擦效应(对特定车辆速度)。
可选的方法中,在能量从车辆转移到飞轮的过程中,可以做出相似的质量测量。该过程遵照驾驶员的加速要求。这样的要求通过驾驶员仅将他的脚抬离油门踏板或者(还)踩下制动踏板来做出。在踩下制动踏板的情况下,液压制动没有激活,所需要的延迟仅由飞轮加速旋转(即,存储能量)的动作来提供。
Claims (4)
1.一种测量混合动力车辆的质量的装置,所述混合动力车辆包含原动机、包括飞轮的次级动机、以及可与车辆的传动系和飞轮连接的无级变速器(CVT),以及在能量在混合动力车辆和飞轮之间转移的过程中测量CVT传动比变化率的装置;其中在驾驶员释放油门踏板没有操作制动或者踩下油门踏板的周期中,车辆的质量通过监测变换器传动比脱离中立传动比的变化率来确定,中立传动比指的是:与飞轮速度匹配以使得飞轮既不存储也不对车辆释放能量的CVT传动比。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,测量CVT传动比变化率的装置包括设置在CVT任意一侧的转动速度传感器。
3.一种测量具有原动机、装有飞轮的次级动机以及在车辆的传动系和飞轮之间连接的无级变速器的混合动力车辆的质量的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:加速飞轮旋转;检测驾驶员加速要求,以及;能量从飞轮转移到车辆的过程中,测量CVT传动比变化率;其中在驾驶员释放油门踏板没有操作制动或者踩下油门踏板的周期中,车辆的质量通过监测变换器传动比脱离中立传动比的变化率来确定,中立传动比指的是:与飞轮速度匹配以使得飞轮既不存储也不对车辆释放能量的CVT传动比。
4.一种测量具有原动机、装有飞轮的次级动机以及在车辆的传动系和飞轮之间连接的无级变速器的混合动力车辆的质量的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:检测驾驶员减速要求;能量从飞轮转移到车辆的过程中,测量CVT传动比变化率;其中在驾驶员释放油门踏板没有操作制动或者踩下油门踏板的周期中,车辆的质量通过监测变换器传动比脱离中立传动比的变化率来确定,中立传动比指的是:与飞轮速度匹配以使得飞轮既不存储也不对车辆释放能量的CVT传动比。
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US8424373B2 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2013-04-23 | Allison Transmission, Inc. | Variator fault detection system |
US9028362B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 | 2015-05-12 | Jing He | Powertrain and method for a kinetic hybrid vehicle |
EP2581251B1 (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2018-03-28 | Dana Limited | Device and method for synchronizing a flywheel with a drivetrain |
JP5609910B2 (ja) | 2012-04-05 | 2014-10-22 | 株式会社デンソー | 車載動力伝達装置 |
US9266521B2 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2016-02-23 | Hongping He | Optimized de-inertia control method for kinetic hybrids |
FR3019789B1 (fr) * | 2014-04-10 | 2017-09-15 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Procede de pilotage d'un dispositif de transmission a coefficient continument variable dans une chaine de traction hybride d'un vehicule automobile |
WO2017223524A1 (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2017-12-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Hybrid vehicle powertrains with flywheel energy storage systems |
CN107633683B (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-08-07 | 深圳市富源信息技术有限公司 | 用于车辆超载的非现场执法管理系统 |
CN111460594B (zh) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-12-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种适用于混合动力变速器结构的机械干涉检测方法 |
CN112937315B (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-12-09 | 长安大学 | 一种提高电动客车起步平顺性的系统及方法 |
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