CN101889866A - Palm Bioelectrical Impedance Spectrum Measurement Device for Biometric Identification - Google Patents
Palm Bioelectrical Impedance Spectrum Measurement Device for Biometric Identification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于生物特征识别的手掌生物电阻抗频谱测量装置，包括单片机，单片机分别与复位及时钟系统、RS232串口、键盘、阻抗分析芯片、LCD显示器、电源转换芯片、继电器控制电路连接，电源转换芯片、继电器控制电路之间设置有5V的电源；阻抗分析芯片与二/四电极转换电路连接，二/四电极转换电路和继电器控制电路分别与手掌电极切换电路连接；手掌电极切换电路的电路是，其中四个继电器J1-J4的输出端分别与HC，HV连接，另外四个继电器的输出端分别与LV、LC连接。本发明的手掌生物电阻抗频谱的测量装置，利用八个继电器的开合实现十个回路的四电极法测量，获取样本数据，应用于生物特征识别。
The invention discloses a palm bioelectrical impedance spectrum measuring device for biometric feature identification, comprising a single-chip microcomputer, the single-chip microcomputer is respectively connected with a reset and clock system, an RS232 serial port, a keyboard, an impedance analysis chip, an LCD display, a power conversion chip, and a relay control circuit Connection, a 5V power supply is set between the power conversion chip and the relay control circuit; the impedance analysis chip is connected to the two/four electrode conversion circuit, and the two/four electrode conversion circuit and the relay control circuit are respectively connected to the palm electrode switching circuit; the palm electrode switching The circuit of the circuit is that the output terminals of four relays J1-J4 are respectively connected with H C and H V , and the output terminals of the other four relays are connected with L V and L C respectively. The palm bioelectrical impedance spectrum measurement device of the present invention uses the opening and closing of eight relays to realize the four-electrode measurement of ten loops, obtains sample data, and applies it to biometric identification.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical electronics and biometrics identification technology field, be specifically related to a kind of palm bioelectrical impedance spectrum measuring device that is used for living things feature recognition.
Background technology
Living things feature recognition (Biometric) is meant by computer and utilizes inherent physiological feature of human body (as people's face, iris, fingerprint etc.) or behavior characteristics (for example person's handwriting, gait etc.) to differentiate personal identification.Authentication modes such as living things feature recognition and traditional password, certificate relatively have the human body of depending on, are difficult for forging, are difficult for advantage such as imitation, have become key technology and industry that developed country generally payes attention to and greatly develops.
The physiological feature that is used for bio-identification has fingerprint, palmmprint, hands shape, people's face, iris, retina, pulse, auricle etc., and behavior characteristics has signature, sound, gait etc.Based on these features, people have been developed fingerprint recognition, the identification of hands shape, recognition of face, iris identification, signature identification, voice recognition, Gait Recognition and multiple biological characteristic and have been mixed many recognition technologies such as identification, and wherein iris identification and fingerprint recognition are acknowledged as the most reliable two kinds of biological identification technologies.
But all there are some shortcomings in current various biometrics identification technologies.For example, above-mentioned most biological characteristic such as people's face, fingerprint, iris, palmmprint, hands shape, vein etc. all are by optical pickocff such as CCD or CMOS formation picture signal, need illumination condition to gather; Vein image needs infrared light supply initiatively just can obtain details personal characteristics clearly, and iris identification needs expensive focusing photographic head, and cost is all higher; Fingerprint recognition exists utilizes the possibility that vacation refers to or severed finger is sought loopholes; The used laser perspective of retina identification can be detrimental to eye health; The recognition of face error rate is very high, and has the forgery possibility of mask; Voice recognition can be by the recording deception, and signature identification also has imitated hidden danger, or the like.In addition; the live body measuring ability is the weak link of biological recognition system always; there has been research worker to use fingerprint and the people's face forged to break through existing systems; caused the trust crisis of some user, entered the maximum bottleneck of high-end Secure Application so the live body detection technique will be a biological recognition system to biological identification technology.On the whole, the prior biological recognition technology can not be taken into account between acquisition cost, ease for use, non-invasive and reliability, has restricted the popularization and application of this technology.
Bioelectrical impedance spectrum (Bioimpedance Spectroscopy, BIS) being a kind of biological tissue's monitoring technology based on multi-frequency, complex impedance measurement that has grown up along with improving of measuring technique since the recent two decades, is a new important branch of bio-electrical impedance research field.Because the BIS technology has reflected the electrical characteristics of cell level on the microcosmic, therefore be born and begin just to be located in the important means of medical diagnosis on disease always from it.The BIS technology can note abnormalities in the incubation period or the functional compensation phase of disease, and the perspective information of disease is provided, and was considered to one of main means of disease early diagnosis, had obtained vigorous growth in recent years based on the medical diagnosis on disease of BIS technology research.
The medical diagnosis on disease mechanism of BIS technology is the impedance property of biological tissue and the physiological status and the variation that can reflect tissue with the rule of frequency change from the cell level thereof, therefore for a long time, the researcheres of biomedical engineering field mainly are absorbed in the Changing Pattern that the same biological tissue of research produces its electrical impedance frequency spectrum of pathological changes front and back, and the bioelectrical impedance spectrum property difference of different healthy individual is left in the basket always.In fact, research finds also that simultaneously the cell of Different Individual biological tissue has different time constants, and different frequencies had different performances, according to the resistivity of different tissues and their frequency characteristic, just can screen different tissues, and then discern different individualities.Therefore the BIS characteristic of biological tissue has also characterized a kind of biological characteristic that can distinguish individual variation.
The human body palm is that palm epidermis, muscle, skeleton and vascularity have formed numerous conductive path in inside by a microcosmic huge system of countless cellularities, has constituted an impedance network that complexity is incomparable on the whole.Personal characteristics such as distance, inner muscle skeleton and vascularity between the hand size of Different Individual, muscle thickness, finger thickness, finger vary, these factors have determined the unique property of each palm internal structure, so the intrinsic BIS characteristic of palm is unique; In addition, because finger tip mastoid process stricture of vagina distributes, the horny layer of epidermis structure varies with each individual, the contact impedance of finger and electrode can reflect the diversity of interpersonal fingerprint characteristic, so the external BIS characteristic of palm also can vary with each individual.This shows, palm is carried out BIS measure, analyze the intrinsic impedance property of palm and, just can obtain abundant and stable biological diagnostic characteristics with the rule of frequency change.
In sum, a kind of unique biological feature that the BIS of palm is data represented, by suitable method palm being carried out BIS measures, and by rational date processing, set up calibration, feature representation, feature extraction and the characteristic matching recognition methods of palm BIS data, might realize living things feature recognition fully, thereby set up a kind of brand-new living things feature recognition method based on palm BIS measurement.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of palm bioelectrical impedance spectrum measuring device that is used for living things feature recognition, measure, obtain sample data, be used for living things feature recognition by palm being carried out bioelectrical impedance spectrum.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of palm bioelectrical impedance spectrum measuring device that is used for living things feature recognition, comprise single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer respectively with reset and clock system, RS232 serial ports, keyboard, impedance analysis chip, LCD display, power conversion chip, control relay circuit are connected, be provided with the power supply of 5V between power conversion chip and the control relay circuit; The impedance analysis chip is connected with two/four electrode converting circuits, and two/four electrode converting circuits are connected with palm electrode commutation circuit respectively with control relay circuit.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, carrying out BIS by ten finger loops that five fingers of single palm are constituted between any two measures, obtain the required sample data of bio-identification, be different from existing biometric discrimination method, fundamentally stopped to forge counterfeit probability based on the surface image collection apparatus.Simultaneously this measuring device also have with low cost, safe noinvasive, simple and convenient, need not advantages such as illumination condition, can have a extensive future as the important supplement of living things feature recognitions such as fingerprint, palmmprint.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the four electrode method measuring principle sketch map in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is two/four electrode converting circuit figure in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the palm electrode commutation circuit figure in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is ten measurement loop sketch maps that five fingers of apparatus of the present invention constitute between any two;
Fig. 6 is the control relay circuit figure in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the operation principle block diagram of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the accuracy test figure that apparatus of the present invention are carried out impedance measuring;
Fig. 9 is the as a result displayed map of apparatus of the present invention to different human body palm impedance bioelectrical measurement.
Among the figure, 1. single-chip microcomputer 2. resets and clock system, 3.RS232 serial ports, 4. keyboard, 5. impedance analysis chip, 6.LCD display, 7. power conversion chip, 8. power supply, 9. control relay circuit, 10. two/four electrode converting circuits, 11. palm electrode commutation circuits.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the palm bioelectrical impedance spectrum measuring device structure that is used for living things feature recognition of the present invention is, the single-chip microcomputer 1 that comprises a low-power consumption, single-chip microcomputer 1 respectively with reset and clock system 2, RS232 serial ports 3, keyboard 4, impedance analysis chip 5, LCD display 6, power conversion chip 7, control relay circuit 9 are connected, be provided with the power supply 8 of 5V between power conversion chip 7, the control relay circuit 9; Impedance analysis chip 5 is connected with two/four electrode converting circuits 10, and two/four electrode converting circuits 10 are connected with palm electrode commutation circuit 11 respectively with control relay circuit 9, and palm electrode commutation circuit 11 is connected with five fingers of staff.
Single-chip microcomputer 1, reset and the power conversion chip 7 of clock system 2, RS232 serial ports 3 (serial communication), keyboard 4, impedance analysis chip 5, LCD display 6,3.3V constitutes main control units.
Wherein, single-chip microcomputer 1 can be selected model STC89LE516AD for use; Impedance analysis chip 5 can be selected model AD5933 for use; Power conversion chip 7 can be selected model LM1117 for use.
As Fig. 2, be the four electrode method measuring principle of bio-electrical impedance.Because impedance analysis chip 5 itself only provides two electrode methods to measure,, receive response signal from VIN promptly from VOUT output drive signal.But bio-electrical impedance measuring is more suitable for measuring to overcome the influence of contact skin impedance with four electrode method.For this reason, the present invention adopts based on two/four electrode converting circuits that improve the Holland circuit, makes to measure front end and realized the four electrode method measurement, promptly adopts pair of exciting that exciting current is provided, and another obtains pressure drop on the human body palm to measurement electrode.
As Fig. 3, the structure that the present invention is based on two/four electrode converting circuits 10 that improve the Holland circuit is, the output end vo ut of impedance analysis chip 5 is connected with the end of oppisite phase of transport and placing device U2A by resistance R 2, the end of oppisite phase of transport and placing device U2A is by parallel resistor R1, capacitor C 1 is connected with the outfan of transport and placing device U2A, the outfan of transport and placing device U2A is by resistance R 3, resistance R 4 feedback backs are connected with the in-phase end of transport and placing device U2A, the in-phase end of U2A also is connected with the 3.3V supply voltage by resistance R 6, and the contact of resistance R 6 and 3.3V supply voltage is also respectively by capacitor C 6, capacitor C 7 ground connection transport and placing devices; The outfan of U2A is connected with the end of oppisite phase of transport and placing device transport and placing device U2B by resistance R 3 backs, respectively draws an electrode H from inverting input and the outfan of transport and placing device transport and placing device U2B
CAnd L
CAs exciting electrode, of transport and placing device U2B picks out end and is connected with the 3.3V supply voltage, and this picks out end and also passes through capacitor C 6, capacitor C 7 ground connection respectively simultaneously, and another of transport and placing device U2B picks out holds direct ground connection; The in-phase input end of transport and placing device U2B is connected with the 3.3V supply voltage by resistance R 5, the in-phase input end of transport and placing device U2B is also by parallel resistor R7, capacitor C 4, capacitor C 5 ground connection, thus, the in-phase input end of transport and placing device U2B obtains the voltage of VDD/2 through resistance R 5 and resistance R 7 dividing potential drops; Bio-impedance tissue pressure drop signal is by measurement electrode H
V, L
VBe connected with Vin+ with the Vin-of instrument amplifier U1 respectively, by after amplifying output signal being delivered to the Vin port of impedance analysis chip 5.
Wherein, transport and placing device U2A and transport and placing device U2B can select model OPA2335 for use; Instrument amplifier U1 can select model INA332 for use.
All devices are single supply 3.3V work among Fig. 3, and improved Holland circuit adopts two OPA2335 (transport and placing device U2A, U2B) to realize that it is converted to alternative constant current signal VIn with the driving voltage signal Vout that impedance analysis chip 5 sends.With existing Holland circuit different be, the present invention utilize another transport and placing device U2B (OPA2335) with the level lifting of constant-current source signal VDD/2, multi-frequency constant-current source signal after the conversion is through palm, the measured voltage that produces on palm of measurement electrode passes through instrument amplifier INA332, delivers to the rear end and makes the AD conversion process.
Palm electrode commutation circuit 11 among Fig. 4 is used for the measurement loop that is constituted between five fingers of palm A, B, C, D, the E is switched.Fig. 5 is 10 measurement loops that five finger A, B, C, D, E are constituted between any two, and each is measured loop and measures the BIS data that once can obtain several Frequency points from the low frequency to the high frequency.
Among Fig. 4, palm electrode commutation circuit 11 of the present invention comprises five counter electrode (being EA1-EA2, EB1-EB2, EC1-EC2, ED1-ED2, EE1-EE2), and each counter electrode is a Tai Ji disc-shape, respectively a finger of corresponding palm.The circuit connecting relation of palm electrode commutation circuit 11 is, comprise with thumb playing be connected four relay J 1-J4 of (being EA1-EA2, EB1-EB2, EC1-EC2, ED1-ED2) of successive four fingers of number, the outfan of J1-J4 respectively with H
C, H
VConnect; Also comprise with forefinger and play (being EB1-EB2, EC1-EC2, ED1-ED2, EE1-EE2) four relay J 5-J8 of being connected of successive four fingers of number, the outfan of four relay J 5-J8 respectively with L
V, L
CConnect.Relay J 1-J8 all adopts dpdt relay, be used for 10 measurement loops that five fingers of sampling palm A, B, C, D, E are constituted are between any two switched, each measures the H that loop all can make two pairing four electrodes of finger and two/four electrode converting circuits by relay switch
C, L
C, H
V, L
VLink to each other, thereby the four electrode method that has realized finger measurement loop is measured.
Fig. 6 is to drive eight relays in the palm electrode commutation circuit 11 respectively by two big electric current Darlington transistor chip U3, U4 (model ULN2003A) for the syndeton of control relay circuit 9.The input of two Darlington transistor chips is connected respectively with eight I/O serial ports P1.0-P1.7 of single-chip microcomputer 1, eight outfans of two Darlington transistor chips are connected with eight relays respectively, therefore, each I/O serial ports of single-chip microcomputer 1 can be controlled the break-make of a relay separately.
The present invention has adopted single-chip microcomputer 1, keyboard and LCD liquid crystal compounding practice and demonstration, pre-set initial frequency, number of scan points and frequency increment, send various control commands by single-chip microcomputer 1, come control group analysis chip 5 to finish corresponding operation by the I2C signal.What single-chip microcomputer 1 adopted is the STC89LE516AD chip of 51 kernels, impedance analysis chip 5 is by the four electrode method AFE (analog front end) and use DSP in the sheet to calculate to come in and go out the characteristic impedance of body palm, single-chip microcomputer 1 is fetched it by the I2C interface and is performed an analysis and send LCD display 6 to show afterwards, finally finish sweep measurement and analysis, to reach the purpose of living things feature recognition to human body palm modulus of impedance value and phase place.The present invention also adopts wire jumper to select different feedback oscillator resistance in addition, realizes the measurement of the impedance information of a plurality of segments.
Measure for 10 loops that five fingers of palm A, B, C, D, E are constituted between any two, must switch the folding of eight relays in turn, make pairing four electrodes of two fingers and the H of two/four electrode converting circuits
C, L
C, H
V, L
VLink to each other, realized that the four electrode method in finger measurement loop is measured, the bioelectrical impedance spectrum data that once can obtain several Frequency points from the low frequency to the high frequency are measured in each loop.The changing method and the order of eight relays are as shown in table 1:
Table 1 is measured the changing method of the relay J 1-J8 that is taked for realizing 10 loops
Practical measuring examples: as shown in Figure 4, in order to realize the measurement of the A-B impedance loop between A, the B finger, according to table 1, must while closing relay J1 and J5.Two contact short of relay J 1 make H
C, H
VLink to each other with EA2 with electrode pair EA1, two contact short of relay J 5 make L
C, L
VLink to each other with EB2 with electrode pair EB1, thereby realized that the four electrode method between finger A, the B loop measures.
Figure 7 shows that control flow chart of the present invention, after the system start-up, carry out initialization, wait comes the setting measurement parameter by keyboard, after determining, parameter command is write in the corresponding registers of impedance analysis chip 5 by single-chip microcomputer 1, impedance analysis chip 5 carries out corresponding impedance measurement according to setting, measurement result shows by the brilliant LCD of I/O interface liquor charging at last through single-chip microcomputer 1 analytical calculation.
Fig. 8 carries out the test of the precision of impedance measurement for apparatus of the present invention, as shown in the figure, in frequency setting is the 10-100KHz scope, 1000 ohm of feedback oscillator resistance, under the condition that calibrating resistance is 1000 ohm, respectively the resistance of 1.997Kohm, 4.665Kohm and 9.977Kohm is tested, error as shown in the figure, remain essentially in 0.5%, illustrate that this device has good measuring accuracy.
Fig. 9 is apparatus of the present invention to the impedance measurement of the different human body palm curve with frequency change, experiment medium frequency excursion is 10-100KHz, frequency increment is made as 1KHz, respectively the impedance loop of (between A and the B) between three testers' the palm thumb and forefinger is measured, obvious from the impedance spectrum data difference of scheming Different Individual as can be seen.The present invention provides reliable measuring device and measuring method for bio-identification from now on.
The present invention is used for the palm bioelectrical impedance spectrum measuring device of living things feature recognition, adopted the impedance analysis chip of high integration, and use signal amplification circuit and improved Holland circuit, carry out the baric flow conversion, adopt four electrode method to carry out impedance measurement, certainty of measurement is higher than two electrode methods in the conventional application of impedance analysis chip.The application of integrated impedance analysis chip and relevant modulate circuit not only makes the cost of equipment obtain effective control, and on the precision of test result good performance is arranged.Use external battery powered to make that volume of the present invention is little, do not need external power supply, advantage such as easily portable, wire jumper can be measured the impedance information of a plurality of segments.For the development of miniaturization, portable biometric identification instrument provides a kind of new thinking and good construction framework.
Claims (4)
1. palm bioelectrical impedance spectrum measuring device that is used for living things feature recognition, it is characterized in that, comprise single-chip microcomputer (1), single-chip microcomputer (1) respectively with reset and clock system (2), RS232 serial ports (3), keyboard (4), impedance analysis chip (5), LCD display (6), power conversion chip (7), control relay circuit (9) are connected, be provided with the power supply (8) of 5V between power conversion chip (7) and the control relay circuit (9); Impedance analysis chip (5) is connected with two/four electrode converting circuits (10), and two/four electrode converting circuits (10) are connected with palm electrode commutation circuit (11) respectively with control relay circuit (9).
2. palm bioelectrical impedance spectrum measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the structure of described two/four electrode converting circuits (10) is, the outfan of impedance analysis chip (5) is connected with the end of oppisite phase of transport and placing device U2A by resistance R 2, the end of oppisite phase of transport and placing device U2A is by parallel resistor R1, capacitor C 1 is connected with the outfan of transport and placing device U2A, the outfan of transport and placing device U2A is by resistance R 3, resistance R 4 feedback backs are connected with the in-phase end of transport and placing device U2A, the in-phase end of transport and placing device U2A also is connected with the 3.3V supply voltage by resistance R 6, and the contact of resistance R 6 and 3.3V supply voltage is also respectively by capacitor C 6, capacitor C 7 ground connection; The outfan of transport and placing device U2A is connected with the end of oppisite phase of transport and placing device U2B by resistance R 3 backs, respectively draws an electrode H from inverting input and the outfan of transport and placing device U2B
CAnd L
CAs exciting electrode, of transport and placing device U2B picks out end and is connected with the 3.3V supply voltage, and this picks out end and also passes through capacitor C 6, capacitor C 7 ground connection respectively simultaneously, and another of transport and placing device U2B picks out holds direct ground connection; The in-phase input end of transport and placing device U2B is connected with the 3.3V supply voltage by resistance R 5, and the in-phase input end of transport and placing device U2B is also by parallel resistor R7, capacitor C 4, capacitor C 5 ground connection; Bio-impedance tissue pressure drop signal is by measurement electrode H
V, L
VBe connected with Vin+ with the Vin-of instrument amplifier U1 respectively.
3. palm bioelectrical impedance spectrum measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described palm electrode commutation circuit (11) comprises five counter electrode, and each counter electrode is a Tai Ji disc-shape, and the finger tip shape of this disc-shape and finger adapts;
The circuit of palm electrode commutation circuit (11) is, comprise with thumb playing four relay J 1-J4 that successive four fingers of number are connected, the outfan of relay J 1-J4 respectively with H
C, H
VConnect; Also comprise with forefinger and play four relay J 5-J8 being connected of successive four fingers of number, the outfan of relay J 5-J8 respectively with L
V, L
CConnect;
Relay J 1-J8 all adopts dpdt relay.
4. palm bioelectrical impedance spectrum measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, control relay circuit (9) comprises two Darlington transistor chip U3, U4, totally eight inputs of two Darlington transistor chip U3, U4 are connected respectively with the I/O serial ports P1.0-P1.7 of single-chip microcomputer (1), and totally eight outfans of two Darlington transistor chip U3, U4 are connected with eight relay J 1-J8 respectively.
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