CN101885984A - A combined process for producing clean fuel oil by hydrogenation of coal tar and its catalyst - Google Patents
A combined process for producing clean fuel oil by hydrogenation of coal tar and its catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN101885984A CN101885984A CN2010102285695A CN201010228569A CN101885984A CN 101885984 A CN101885984 A CN 101885984A CN 2010102285695 A CN2010102285695 A CN 2010102285695A CN 201010228569 A CN201010228569 A CN 201010228569A CN 101885984 A CN101885984 A CN 101885984A
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- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical group O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940045029 cobaltous nitrate hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BFSPAPKTIGPYOV-BQYQJAHWSA-N (e)-1-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-3-thiophen-2-ylprop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1N1CCN(C(=O)\C=C\C=2SC=CC=2)CC1 BFSPAPKTIGPYOV-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011271 tar pitch Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009874 alkali refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010729 system oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种煤焦油加氢生产清洁燃料油的组合工艺及其催化剂。煤焦油经常/减压蒸馏，切割为小于360℃的轻质煤焦油和大于360℃的焦油沥青，经提酚和提萘后的轻质煤焦油或煤焦油全馏分作为加氢原料。该方法采用加氢精制-加氢改质组合工艺，主要特点在于将原料油与氢气混合进入加氢精制反应器进行脱金属、脱硫、脱氮、脱氧反应，其反应流出物进入加氢改质反应区，反应所得产物经分馏得到石脑油和柴油馏分。本发明催化剂由载体和活性组分组成，活性组分为Ⅷ过渡金属氧化物，如NiO、MoO3、CoO、WO3的一种或几种，载体为改性高岭土和/或活性氧化铝。The invention discloses a combined process for producing clean fuel oil through hydrogenation of coal tar and a catalyst thereof. Coal tar is often/vacuumly distilled, cut into light coal tar less than 360°C and tar pitch greater than 360°C, and the light coal tar or the whole fraction of coal tar after phenol and naphthalene extraction are used as hydrogenation raw materials. This method adopts the combination process of hydrofinishing-hydrogenation upgrading. The main feature is that the raw material oil and hydrogen are mixed into the hydrofinishing reactor for demetallization, desulfurization, denitrogenation, and deoxygenation reactions, and the reaction effluent enters the hydrogenation upgrading process. In the reaction zone, the reaction product is fractionated to obtain naphtha and diesel fractions. The catalyst of the invention is composed of a carrier and an active component, the active component is VIII transition metal oxide, such as one or more of NiO, MoO 3 , CoO, WO 3 , and the carrier is modified kaolin and/or activated alumina.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal chemical technology, relate to a kind of coal tar hydrorefining and hydro-upgrading combination process and catalyzer thereof.Efficient utilization and environment protection to coal tar are significant.Its essence be the heavy-oil hydrogenation technology the basis on, improve technology, the development special-purpose catalyst is realized desulfurization, the denitrogenation of coal tar, demetalization production environment close friend's clean fuel oil.
Background technology
Development of world economy is rapid at present, and is more and more to the demand of fuel oil.The reserves that world's crude oil has been verified calculate by present produced quantity, can only keep the lasting use in over one hundred year, and oil belongs to Nonrenewable energy resources, are faced with exhausted day by day crisis, press for the exploitation substitute energy like this.The coal reserves of China is very abundant, and coal is mainly by hydrocarbon etc. elementary composition, and therefore using coal production oil fuel is a kind of very effective approach.The major technique of coal system oil comprises DCL/Direct coal liquefaction and ICL for Indirect Coal Liquefaction at present, but these technical sophistications, the cost height is difficult to large-scale promotion.
Coal tar is the byproduct of coking industry, and it is formed based on aromatic hydrocarbons.Along with quick growth international, domestic steel industry, coking industry also develops rapidly thereupon, and the output of coal tar also constantly increases, and the cleaning processing and utilization of coal tar becomes more and more important.Current, the method that more domestic coal tar manufacturing enterprises handle coal tar is mainly Chemicals such as going out phenol, naphthalene through extraction separation behind the acid-alkali refining or as the low-quality fuel oil burning that directly acts as a fuel after burning or the emulsification, not only deficiency in economic performance, and contaminate environment.
Coal tar hydrogenating system clean fuel oil just has research as far back as last century three, the forties, but because reaction pressure is very high, does not all realize industrialization, and the eighties Japan has developed this technology up to last century.The part unit of China has also developed coal tar hydrogenation catalyst, mainly is to make by catalyzer used in the petrochemical complex is improved.
CN1464031A discloses a kind of coal tar hydrotreating process and catalyzer, and this process using hydrofining and hydro-upgrading one-stage serial are by coal tar production high-quality petroleum naphtha and fine-quality diesel oil.This technology has been selected titaniferous Hydrobon catalyst specially, the catalyst for hydro-upgrading that contains titanium oxide and molecular sieve, but because the structure of the water that coal tar hydrogenating generates meeting saboteur sieve catalyst makes the deactivation rate of catalyst for hydro-upgrading fast, running period is short.
US4855037 has introduced the hydroprocessing process of a kind of coal tar or coal-tar pitch, and the coal tar after the hydrotreatment is used for delayed coking is applicable to the preparation Graphite Electrodes with production super acicular coke.This method is mainly used in the pre-treatment of delayed coking, not production purpose product, and the working pressure height, investment is big.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of coal tar to produce the technology and the method for preparing catalyst of clean fuel oil product, this technology can maximally utilise coal tar raw material, obtain fine lightweight cleaning product, simultaneously catalyzer has long, characteristics such as hydrogenation efficiency is high and running is stable of life-span.
The method of producing clean fuel oil by hydrogenation of coal tar of the present invention comprises that the following step poly-:
(1) coal tar raw material dewater to water content less than 0.05%, remove mechanical impurity then, the coal tar raw material that is purified.Coal tar after the purification is cut into coal tar lighting end and coal tar heavy fractioning through normal pressure distillation and/or underpressure distillation, cut point is 320～360 ℃, from the lightweight distillate, cut 170～210 ℃ of carbolic oil cuts and 210～230 ℃ of naphtalene oil cuts simultaneously, and therefrom extracting phenol and naphthalene, the full cut after remainder and coal tar lighting end, last running and the purification is as the raw material of producing clean fuel oil by hydrogenation;
(2) stock oil of step (1) gained with enter the hydrofining reaction district after hydrogen mixes, with the Hydrobon catalyst contact reacts, remove impurity such as wherein metal, sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, described Hydrobon catalyst is a loaded catalyst, carrier is an activated alumina, and active ingredient is Co, Mo, the base metals such as W, Ni of VIII family and/or group VIB.Hydrofining reactor is typical fixed-bed reactor, catalyzer adopts classification filling technology, and operation condition is: 300～460 ℃ of average reaction temperature, hydrogen dividing potential drop are 8.0～16.0MPa, the volume ratio of hydrogen oil is 800～3000, and volume space velocity is 0.2～4.0h during liquid
-1Oily for the full cut of coal tar is when reaction raw materials, raw material needed before entering the hydrofining reaction district through changeable hydrogenation protecting reactor, filling hydrogenation protecting agent in the reactor, and number of reactors is 1～4, can be according to the flexible modulation of material characteristic;
(3) effluent in hydrofining reaction district can directly enter separation system, carries out the product cutting, also can enter the hydro-upgrading reaction zone, with the catalyst for hydro-upgrading contact reacts, and like this can be according to the flexible modulation of material characteristic.Described Hydrobon catalyst is to load on the VIII family on the modified kaolin and/or the non-precious metal catalyst of group VIB, and wherein VIII family metal is selected from Co, Ni, and the group VIB metal is selected from Mo, W.Described hydrofining reactor is typical fixed-bed reactor, catalyzer adopts classification filling technology, and operation condition is: 300～440 ℃ of average reaction temperature, hydrogen dividing potential drop are 8.0～16.0MPa, the volume ratio of hydrogen oil is 800～3000, and volume space velocity is 0.2～4.0h during liquid
-1
(4) step (3) gained reaction effluent obtains diesel oil distillate and naphtha fraction through cooling, high-low pressure separation and fractionation.
In the coal tar production process, the difference of dry distillation of coal temperature, coal tar can be divided into coal-tar heavy oil and middle coalite tar.Wherein middle coalite tar density is usually at 1.0g/cm
3Below, aromaticity content is less, and alkane content is more.And the density of coal-tar heavy oil is usually greater than 1.0g/cm
3, asphalt content is up to 50%, even more, alkane content seldom, other main components are many rings and condensed-nuclei aromatics, and contain higher sulphur, nitrogen, metal impurities.Coal tar character composition that the more important thing is the different process by-product also has very big-difference, and complicated various processing to tar of raw material brought very big difficulty.Coalite tar during combination process provided by the present invention can be handled also is fit to more unmanageable coal-tar heavy oil.
Described hydrogenating materials can be＜360 ℃ tar lighting end, and can be the full cut of coal tar that purifies, the also coal tar and the mixture of lighting end or dephenolize arbitrarily, naphthalene lighting end arbitrarily.Raw material range has been widened in the mediation of feed composition, utilize the similar compatibility principle simultaneously, utilize the component that is difficult for processing in the high fragrant distillate dilution coal tar, the sulphur in the raw material, nitrogen and metal impurities content had both been reduced, thereby also reduced the hydrogenation difficulty, and, increase economic efficiency to the requirement of hydrogenation unit.
Described hydrogenation conditions is: 300～460 ℃ of hydrofining reactor average reaction temperature, hydrogen dividing potential drop are 8.0～16.0MPa, and the volume ratio of hydrogen oil is 500～2000, and volume space velocity is 0.2～4.0h during liquid
-1300～440 ℃ of hydro-upgrading reactor average reaction temperature, hydrogen dividing potential drop are 8.0～16.0MPa, and the volume ratio of hydrogen oil is 500～2000, and volume space velocity is 0.2～4.0h during liquid
-1Preferred reaction conditions is: 340～410 ℃ of hydrofining reactor average reaction temperature, hydrogen dividing potential drop are 8.0～12.0MPa, and the volume ratio of hydrogen oil is 800～1600, and volume space velocity is 0.5～1.5h during liquid
-1320～400 ℃ of hydro-upgrading reactor average reaction temperature, stagnation pressure are 8.0～16.0MPa, and the volume ratio of hydrogen oil is 800～1600, and volume space velocity is 0.5～1.5h during liquid
-1
Changeable hydrogenation protecting device number of the present invention is 1～4, and preferred 2～3, protective material is acid ore deposit soil and/or zinc oxide etc.
Hydrofining reaction of the present invention district adopts two or more catalyzer grading loadings.Described hydro-upgrading reaction zone can only load a kind of catalyzer, also can be with two or more catalyzer grading loadings.Carry out the upgrading processing to generating oil after hydrofining, further diesel product character has especially improved diesel-fuel cetane number.The hydro-upgrading reactor can replenish cold new hydrogen and reach the reactive hydrogen oil ratio and control the bed temperature of reaction.Carbon residue and metal content height in the coal tar lighting end; too fast for preventing the beds pressure drop; a certain amount of protective material of can packing into before Hydrobon catalyst, with the assurance device long-term operation, the protective material amount of changing over to is 5～30% of a Hydrobon catalyst volume.
Hydrobon catalyst of the present invention, its active ingredient NiO, MoO
3, CoO, WO
3One or more, account for 5%～30% of catalyzer total amount, optimum is 10～20%, all the other are active aluminum oxide carrier, the Preparation of catalysts method comprises the steps:
(1) preparing carriers
Activated alumina is the catalyst support material that clear green source, Beijing company produces, and ## pulverizes carrier, gets 20～40 order activated alumina particles, and roasting in 500～850 ℃ of retort furnaces then, roasting finish the back and lower the temperature naturally, and be standby;
(2) Preparation of Catalyst
With a kind of and/or several mixture in Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate, ammonium molybdate, Cobaltous nitrate hexahydrate, the ammonium tungstate, under 20～60 ℃ of conditions, add in the deionized water, adding concentration is 5% ammoniacal liquor adjusting pH value, metal-salt is dissolved fully make solution, under 20～80 ℃ of temperature, adopt the carrier of equi-volume impregnating with this this solution impregnation step (1) preparation, dipping time is 0.5～8h, naturally dry in the shade, roasting in 350～550 ℃ of air atmospheres at last, roasting time is 2～6h, makes catalyzer.Catalyst for hydro-upgrading of the present invention, it is characterized in that catalyzer is made up of carrier and active ingredient: carrier is a modified kaolin, and method of modifying adds acid soak, drying for standby after being 650～1000 ℃ of high-temperature calcinations.Acid is the protonic acid of concentration 1～5mol/L, example hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid etc.Active ingredient is the VIII transition metal oxide, as NiO, MoO
3, CoO, WO
3One or more, account for 10～35% of catalyzer total mass, carrier accounts for 65～90% of catalyzer total mass, described carrier is a modified kaolin, above percentage number average is in oxide dry basis.The Preparation of catalysts method comprises the steps:
(1) preparing carriers
Purity is greater than 98% kaolin, keep 2～6h oven dry at 120～200 ℃, heat up with segmented program then, at first be warming up to 400 ℃ with 10～20 ℃/min speed, keep 0.5～5h, the back is warming up to 600～1000 ℃ with the speed of 5～15 ℃/min, calcining 0.5～8h, calcining finishes the nature cooling, obtains the kaolin of thermal treatment modification, kaolin after the thermal treatment is carried out acid dipping to be handled, 60～80 ℃ of its bath temperatures, dipping time is 4～10h, flooding used acid is protonic acid, its concentration is 1.0～5.0mol/L, and addition is 25g kaolin/100mL protonic acid;
(2) Preparation of Catalyst
With Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate, ammonium molybdate, Cobaltous nitrate hexahydrate, a kind of and/or several mixture in the ammonium tungstate, under 20～60 ℃ of conditions, add in the deionized water, make solution, under 20～60 ℃ of temperature, carrier with this solution impregnation step (1) preparation, dipping time is 1～10h, after perhaps this solution being used spray saturation method impregnated carrier, leave standstill 1～12h under the room temperature, then it is carried out drying under 60～140 ℃ of constant temperature, be 4～12h time of drying, afterwards, roasting in the air atmosphere under 350～550 ℃ of temperature, roasting time is 2～6h, makes catalyzer.
The shared cover separation system of hydrofining effluent and hydro-upgrading effluent among the present invention, flow process can reduce facility investment again by flexible modulation like this.Can be used as recycle hydrogen behind the hydrogen-rich gas purifying by the separation system gained and use, water is discharged reactive system.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the schematic flow sheet of producing clean fuel oil by hydrogenation of coal tar combination process provided by the present invention.
1-fresh hydrogen pipeline; The 2-membrane compressor; 3-stock oil; The 4-feedstock pump; 5-purges N2 inlet pipe line; 6-preheating premixed device; 7-protective material reactor; The 8-hydrofining reactor; 9-hydro-upgrading reactor; The 10-high-pressure separator; The 11-light pressure separator; The 12-rectifying tower; 13-hydrogen-rich gas pipeline; The 14-hydrotreated naphtha; The 15-hydrogenated diesel oil; The 16-17-process pipeline
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technology provided by the present invention is further detailed.
Accompanying drawing is the schematic flow sheet of producing clean fuel oil by hydrogenation of coal tar combination process provided by the present invention.Some utility appliance among the figure such as interchanger etc. do not mark, but are known to those of ordinary skills.
The flow process of producing clean fuel oil by hydrogenation of coal tar combination process provided by the present invention is as follows:
From the stock oil of pipeline 3 through feedstock pump 4 with enter preheating premixed device 6 from pipeline 1 and after the hydrogen of membrane compressor 2 pressurizations mixes in pipeline 16; after carrying out pre-warm premixing; enter changeable protective material reactor 7 through pipeline 17; enter hydrofining reactor 8 through pipeline 18; this step is decided by feedstock property; raw material impurity content directly enters hydrofining reactor 8 through pipeline 20 behind the warm premixing more in advance; with the Hydrobon catalyst contact reacts; reaction stream is gone out and is entered hydro-upgrading reactor 9 through pipeline 19; with the catalyst for hydro-upgrading contact reacts, hydro-upgrading reactor 9 replenishes the new hydrogen of part by pipeline 1 and keeps the required hydrogen-oil ratio of reaction and reduce reaction bed temperature.Stock oil with also can directly enter reactor 9 after hydrogen mixes and carry out one-stage hydrogenation through pipeline 20 and pipeline 21, this is according to the flexible modulation of stock oil character.The reaction effluent that comes out from reactor 9 enters high-pressure separator 10 through pipeline 22, isolate gas phase 13 and be hydrogen-rich gas, utilize again after the purification, liquid phase enters light pressure separator 11 through pipeline 23 and further separates, separated product enters separation column 12 through pipeline 24, cut out product 14 petroleum naphthas, product 15 diesel oil.Pipeline 5 purges the reaction pipeline during start-stop car for purging nitrogen.
The present invention illustrates with following embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiment, under the scope of described aim, changes and implements to be included in the technical scope of the present invention before and after not breaking away from.
The stock oil character that embodiment uses sees Table 1 (wherein wt% is weight percentage).1# stock oil is the full cut of coal tar, from certain coal chemical enterprise; 2# stock oil is the coal tar＜360 ℃ tar lighting end parts except that phenol and naphthalene; The 3# stock oil mixed fraction that to be 1#, 2# stock oil obtain by 1: 1 mass ratio.
Hydrobon catalyst A used in the example is the self-control Hydrobon catalyst, with the activated alumina is carrier, one or more of Mo, Ni, Co, W are the catalyzer of reactive metal, catalyst for hydro-upgrading B, C, D be homemade be carrier with the modified kaolin, one or more of Mo, Ni, Co, W are the catalyzer of reactive metal, and concrete proportioning sees Table 2.
With a kind of coal-tar heavy oil is raw material; note is made 1# stock oil; its character sees Table 1; pre-treatment removes and anhydrates and mechanical impurity; with enter 2 sections hydrogenation protecting reactors after high pressure hydrogen mixes; pre-hydrogenation is after hydrofining reactor and hydro-upgrading reactor reaction, and operational condition sees Table 3, and product property sees Table 4.Protective material is acid ore deposit soil and 7: 3 by volume mixed packings of zinc oxide, and Hydrobon catalyst and catalyst for hydro-upgrading are respectively A, B, forms to see Table 2.
With a kind of coal-tar heavy oil is raw material; note is made 1# stock oil; its character sees Table 1; pre-treatment removes and anhydrates and mechanical impurity; with enter 3 sections hydrogenation protecting reactors after high pressure hydrogen mixes; pre-hydrogenation is after hydrofining reactor and hydro-upgrading reactor reaction, and operational condition sees Table 3, and product property sees Table 4.Protective material is acid ore deposit soil and 7: 3 by volume mixed packings of zinc oxide, and Hydrobon catalyst and catalyst for hydro-upgrading are respectively A, B, forms to see Table 2.
With the coal tar＜360 ℃ tar lighting end except that phenol and naphthalene partly is stock oil, and note is made 2# stock oil, and its character sees Table 1, and after pre-treatment removed and anhydrates, through hydrofining reactor and hydro-upgrading reactor reaction, operational condition saw Table 3, and product property sees Table 4.Hydrobon catalyst and catalyst for hydro-upgrading are respectively A, C, form to see Table 2.Catalyzer is taked grading loading in the hydrofining reactor, and the hydrogenation protecting agent of its volume 15% of filling before Hydrobon catalyst, hydrogenation protecting agent are acid ore deposit soil and 7: 3 by volume mixed systems of zinc oxide.
With the coal tar＜360 ℃ tar lighting end except that phenol and naphthalene partly is stock oil, and note is made 2# stock oil, and its character sees Table 1, and after pre-treatment removed and anhydrates, through hydrofining reactor and hydro-upgrading reactor reaction, operational condition saw Table 3, and product property sees Table 4.Hydrobon catalyst and catalyst for hydro-upgrading are respectively A, C, form to see Table 2.Catalyzer is taked grading loading in the hydrofining reactor, and the hydrogenation protecting agent of its volume 15% of filling before Hydrobon catalyst, hydrogenation protecting agent are acid ore deposit soil and 7: 3 by volume mixed systems of zinc oxide.
With the coal tar＜360 ℃ tar lighting end except that phenol and naphthalene partly is stock oil; note is made 2# stock oil; its character sees Table 1; pre-treatment removes and anhydrates and mechanical impurity; with enter 1 section hydrogenation protecting reactor after high pressure hydrogen mixes; pre-hydrogenation is after hydrofining reactor and hydro-upgrading reactor reaction, and operational condition sees Table 3, and product property sees Table 4.Hydrobon catalyst and catalyst for hydro-upgrading are respectively A, D, form to see Table 2.Catalyzer is taked grading loading in the hydrofining reactor, and the hydrogenation protecting agent of its volume 15% of filling before Hydrobon catalyst, hydrogenation protecting agent are acid ore deposit soil and 7: 3 by volume mixed systems of zinc oxide.
With the coal tar＜360 ℃ tar lighting end except that phenol and naphthalene partly is stock oil; note is made 2# stock oil; its character sees Table 1; pre-treatment removes and anhydrates and mechanical impurity; with enter 1 section hydrogenation protecting reactor after high pressure hydrogen mixes; pre-hydrogenation is after hydrofining reactor and hydro-upgrading reactor reaction, and operational condition sees Table 3, and product property sees Table 4.Hydrobon catalyst and catalyst for hydro-upgrading are respectively A, C/D, form to see Table 2.Catalyzer is taked grading loading in the hydrofining reactor, and the hydrogenation protecting agent of its volume 15% of filling before Hydrobon catalyst, hydrogenation protecting agent are acid ore deposit soil and 7: 3 by volume mixed systems of zinc oxide.1: 1 by volume grading loading of hydro-upgrading catalyst reactor C and D.
Table 1 stock oil character
| Stock oil | ??1# | ??2# | ??3# |
| Density/gcm -3 | ??1.1189 | ??0.9663 | ??0.9823 |
| ??C，wt％ | ??90.39 | ??92.06 | ??91.25 |
| ??H，wt％ | ??5.37 | ??5.88 | ??5.65 |
| Total sulfur content, μ g/g | ??5500 | ??2800 | ??4900 |
| Total nitrogen content, μ g/g | ??9600 | ??12900 | ??10000 |
| Stock oil | ??1# | ??2# | ??3# |
| Carbon residue, wt% | ??25.8 | ??0.78 | ??12.5 |
| Mechanical impurity, wt% | ??6.23 | ??＜0.1 | ??4.11 |
| Metal content, μ g/g | ??128.1 | ??90.5 | ??112.3 |
| Aromaticity content, wt% | ??36.7 | ??99.0 | ??75.1 |
| Colloid, wt% | ??20.5 | ??- | ??10.1 |
| Bituminous matter, wt% | ??38.5 | ??- | ??20.3 |
Table 2 catalyzer is formed (all in oxide dry basis, mass percent)
| The catalyzer title | Carrier | Active ingredient |
| A | Activated alumina 75% | MoO 3: 15%, NiO:10% |
| B | Modified kaolin 74% | MoO 3: 20%, NiO:6% |
| C | Modified kaolin 75% | MoO 3: 16%, NiO:6%., Co:3% |
| D | Modified kaolin 74% | MoO 3: 16%, NiO:6%.，CoO：3％，WO 3：1％ |
Table 3 operating procedure condition
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Stock oil | ??1# | ??1# | ??2# | ??2# | ??3# | ??3# |
| The hydrofining condition | ||||||
| Catalyzer | ??A | ??A | ??A | ??A | ??A | ??A |
| Pressure/MPa | ??10 | ??12 | ??10 | ??14 | ??10 | ??15 |
| Medial temperature/℃ | ??350 | ??365 | ??350 | ??369 | ??350 | ??370 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Volume space velocity/h -1 | ??0.5 | ??0.8 | ??0.5 | ??0.6 | ??0.5 | ??0.4 |
| Hydrogen to oil volume ratio | ??800 | ??800 | ??800 | ??700 | ??800 | ??700 |
| The hydro-upgrading condition | ||||||
| Catalyzer | ??B | ??B | ??C | ??C | ??D | ??C/D |
| Pressure/MPa | ??10 | ??12 | ??10 | ??14 | ??10 | ??15 |
| Medial temperature/℃ | ??363 | ??375 | ??360 | ??378 | ??368 | ??380 |
| Volume space velocity/h -1 | ??0.5 | ??0.8 | ??0.5 | ??0.6 | ??0.5 | ??0.4 |
| Hydrogen to oil volume ratio | ??500 | ??600 | ??500 | ??700 | ??500 | ??800 |
Table 4 product property
Table 4 product property (continuous table)
Claims (10)
1. the combination process of a producing clean fuel oil by hydrogenation of coal tar is characterized in that adopting the novel hydrogenation catalyzer to make with extra care with the method for hydrogenation and/or upgrading combination process production petroleum naphtha and diesel oil high temperature or middle coalite tar.
2. combination process according to claim 1 is characterized in that hydrogenating materials oil can be any lighting end between 350～500 ℃ of high temperature or the middle coalite tars; Any lighting end between 350～500 ℃ in the coal tar and the mixture of the full cut of coal tar; The full cut of coal tar without any processing; Extract the coal tar after one or more chemical substances, extracting substance is as phenol, naphthalene, anthracene.
3. combination process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that reactor types is a calandria type fixed bed reactor, reactive agent partly is coal tar hydrorefining and/or the upgrading combination process that is made of two sections fixed-bed reactor, according to two sections fixed bed series connection of hydrogenating materials oil nature difference or use separately.
4. combination process according to claim 1 is characterized in that setting up 1～4 section changeable guard reactor before hydrofining reactor when stock oil is the full cut of undressed coal tar, and protective material is acid ore deposit soil and/or zinc oxide.
5. combination process according to claim 1, condition when it is characterized in that described raw material through the Hydrobon catalyst bed is: 300～460 ℃ of average reaction temperature, stagnation pressure is 8.0～16.0MPa, and the volume ratio of hydrogen oil is 500～2000, and volume space velocity is 0.2～4.0h during liquid
-1Described hydro-upgrading condition is: 300～440 ℃ of average reaction temperature, stagnation pressure are 8.0～16.0MPa, and the volume ratio of hydrogen oil is 500～2000, and volume space velocity is 0.2～4.0h during liquid
-1
6. the catalyzer of a producing clean fuel oil by hydrogenation of coal tar is characterized in that being made up of Hydrobon catalyst and catalyst for hydro-upgrading, and catalyzer adopts the grating mode to load.
7. Hydrobon catalyst according to claim 6, it is characterized in that catalyzer is made up of carrier and active ingredient: active ingredient is the VIII transition metal oxide, as NiO, MoO
3, CoO, WO
3One or more, account for 5%～30% of catalyzer total amount, carrier is an activated alumina, accounts for 70～95% of catalyzer total mass, adopts the equi-volume impregnating preparation, the preparation method is as follows:
1) the preparing carriers active aluminum oxide carrier is got 20～40 order particles, roasting in 500～850 ℃ of retort furnaces;
2) Preparation of Catalyst is with a kind of and/or several mixture wiring solution-forming in Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate, ammonium molybdate, Cobaltous nitrate hexahydrate, the ammonium tungstate, equi-volume impregnating loads to this metal-salt on the described carrier of step 1), 20～60 ℃ of dipping temperatures, dipping time 0.5～8h, naturally dry in the shade, roasting in 350～550 ℃ of air atmospheres, roasting time are 2～6h.
8. catalyst for hydro-upgrading according to claim 6, it is characterized in that catalyzer is made up of carrier and active ingredient: active ingredient is the VIII transition metal oxide, as NiO, MoO
3, CoO, WO
3One or more, account for 10～35% of catalyzer total mass, carrier be modified kaolin account for the catalyzer total mass 65～90%.
9. catalyst for hydro-upgrading according to claim 6, it is characterized in that carrier kaolin need carry out modification and handle, modification comprises thermal treatment and acid treatment, described thermal treatment segmented program heats up and controls, 120～200 ℃ keep 2～6h to dewater, 10～20 ℃/min is warming up to 400 ℃, keeps 0.5～5h, and 5～15 ℃/min is warming up to 600～1000 ℃, keep 0.5～8h, calcining finishes back cooling naturally, and described acid treatment acid is protonic acid, example hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, concentration 1.0～5.0mol/L, addition is 25g kaolin/100mL protonic acid, 60～80 ℃ of acidleach temperature, time 4～10h.
10. catalyst for hydro-upgrading according to claim 6, it is characterized in that carrying method is the saturated pickling process of spray, carrier is the described modified kaolin of claim 9,20～60 ℃ of dipping temperatures, time 1～10h, 60～140 ℃ of drying temperatures, time of drying 4～12h, 350～550 ℃ of maturing temperatures, roasting time 2～6h, air atmosphere.
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Application publication date: 20101117 |