CN101885973A - Dry distillation production process for lignite or high volatile coal - Google Patents
Dry distillation production process for lignite or high volatile coal Download PDFInfo
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- CN101885973A CN101885973A CN2010102169285A CN201010216928A CN101885973A CN 101885973 A CN101885973 A CN 101885973A CN 2010102169285 A CN2010102169285 A CN 2010102169285A CN 201010216928 A CN201010216928 A CN 201010216928A CN 101885973 A CN101885973 A CN 101885973A
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
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- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 48
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dry distillation production process for lignite or high volatile coal. A high-temperature dry distillation gas serving as a heat carrier enter a dry distillation furnace to transmit heat with coal inside the furnace by contact to change the coal into semicoke through pyrolysis and dry distillation; the gas overflowing through the dry distillation flows into a heat carrier gas and then out of the furnace together; after the gas from the furnace is cooled and purified, which is equivalent to that a part of the original heat carrier gas is heated through a partition to a high temperature to serve as a heat carrier to return to the dry distillation furnace for recycling; and the balance of gas serves as an external supply. The dry distillation production process has the advantages of both internal and external heat dry distillation and obtains the approximately same gas purity as that of the external heat dry distillation process, so that the gas for the external supply has a high quality, heat value and application value and is an ideal chemical raw material or high-quality fuel; moreover, all the dry distillation gas can be used for the external supply; the coal is slightly affected by a temperature and uniformly heated; tar has a high yield; the system has a wide heat source and can use low-quality fuel smoke, such as powdered coal, the gas and the like; and the system has a simple flow, is easy to operate and control in production and operation and has less industrialization construction investment.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of dry distillation of coal technology.
Background technology:
Coal decomposes under the secluding air condition becomes coal gas, tar and coke destructive distillation products such as (or semicokes), be heated the difference of temperature eventually by coal charge in its stove, it is generally acknowledged that 500-700 ℃ is low-temperature pyrolysis, brown coal class low order coal is applicable to low-temperature pyrolysis processing, process by low-temperature pyrolysis, brown coal are changed into three kinds of products of gas, liquid, solid, have good economic benefits and social benefit.Gas retort is the major equipment in the low-temperature pyrolysis production technique, is divided into external-heat (partition heating) and internal heat type (Direct Contact Heating) by its heat-supplying mode, is divided into gaseous heat-carrier and solid thermal carriers by its used thermal barrier form.
Traditional distillation process mostly is external-heat, to guarantee that coal is by isolated heating, volatility product is not diluted, thereby obtain the dry distillation gas that composition is pure, calorific value is high, better utility value is arranged (for example carrying hydrogen or Coal Chemical Industry unstripped gas), but exist in the stove coal charge inequality of being heated to cause the semicoke quality irregular, the secondary pyrolysis easily takes place and reduces tar yield in high temperature wall district, and the equipment complexity is invested deficiencies such as big production capacity is little;
Internal heat type technology is directly to enter by gaseous heat-carrier (mostly being the flue gas of gas-fired) to pass the heat transfer of block coal seam in the gas retort, have conduct heat fast, efficient is high, homogeneous heating, equipment are simple, investment advantage such as province, but exist dry distillation gas to be diluted by gaseous heat-carrier (flue gas), cause discharged producer gas and outer give gas that calorific value is low, poor quality, commercial exploitation be worth not high shortcoming.
Other has patent (CN101113340A) to be presented in to utilize the direct-fired internal heat type distillation process of cyclic high-temperature coal gas in the shaft furnace, and traditional relatively internal heat type technology improves to some extent.But its suitable type of furnace single (only being applicable to shaft furnace); It is the same with conventional air internal heat type stove to go into the requirement of stove coal, must be lump coal or moulded coal; The purified gas that produces is partly used for hot semicoke cooling and part is used to the concurrent heating of burning, and significantly reduces (only account for whole dry distillation gases 1/3rd) for product coal gas amount then outward; And the gas preheating temperature is too high, and power consumption increases, and the realization of industrialization difficulty increases; Especially thereby used heat accumulating type preheating of this patent or oxygen combustion type of heating will cause dry distillation gas to be diluted by partial fume bringing the same with traditional air-flow internal heat type technology or the same shortcoming of part, the dry distillation gas volume increases, finishing apparatus volume and transmitting power increase thereupon, and the composition that gives gas outward, purity, calorific value etc. are still good not as the gas quality of external-heat technology, value is high; Adopt the heat accumulating type preheating will cause the charging temperature fluctuation big in addition in this patent, the destructive distillation operation is unstable; Adopt the oxygen combustion type of heating then need invest air separation plant, increase investment and running cost.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of advantage of external-heat technology in the tradition of taking into account, easy handling control is used for brown coal or the pyrogenous production technique of high volatile coal in the production run.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of brown coal or pyrogenous production technique of high volatile coal of being used for, it is characterized in that: high temperature carbonization coal gas as thermal barrier enter in the gas retort with stove in the coal charge transmission of heat by contact, make the coal charge pyrogenation and carbonization become semicoke, the coal gas that destructive distillation is overflowed imports in the thermal barrier coal gas and comes out of the stove in the lump, the coal gas of coming out of the stove is after cooling purifies, the a part of coal gas that is equivalent to former thermal barrier coal gas amount returns gas retort as thermal barrier and recycles after partition is heated to high temperature, the coal gas of its surplus (being equivalent to the coal gas amount that destructive distillation is overflowed) is done outer for using.
High temperature carbonization coal gas as thermal barrier is 450～900 ℃ through the partition heated temperatures; Coal charge in the gas retort is heated to 400～850 ℃.
The used interchanger of partition heating is to be made or made by carbofrax material by stainless steel or high-temperature heat-resistance steel.
Described stainless steel or high-temperature heat-resistance steel are the materials of handling through surface alloying.
Coal charge in the gas retort is the coal charge of crossing through drying treatment.
Partition heats used high temperature heat source gas after partition heat exchange cooling, as the drying source use of coal charge.
The semicoke that destructive distillation generates is also handled through quenching, and quenching is handled and adopted quenching section internal memory gas self-circulation cooling to handle, and after self-circulation gas is drawn from the quenching section, is cooled to through recuperative heat exchanger and enters the quenching section below 150 ℃ again and recycle.
It is thermal barrier that the present invention adopts by partition heating (outer hot mode heating), not diluted high temperature carbonization coal gas outside stove, goes into the direct and coal charge transmission of heat by contact of gas retort, makes its pyrolysis, realizes destructive distillation.The volatility product (dry distillation gas) that coal charge is overflowed in the stove imports in the coal gas of high temperature stream (thermal barrier) and comes out of the stove in the lump, after cooling, purification, supercharging, is recycled into stove after part still is heated to 450-900 ℃ as thermal barrier by recuperative heat exchanger and uses; It is outer for using that all the other purify coal gas (real whole coal gas for coal charge effusion in the stove in the working cycle).
As seen gaseous heat-carrier is all from dry distillation gas, and dry distillation gas is not by the tramp material gas dilution; The coal gas that destructive distillation produces is all done outer confession, and quenching and system's concurrent heating are all unreferenced; This is the topmost process characteristic of the present invention.
The get both advantage of inside and outside hot type distillation process of apparent the present invention, coal gas purity is suitable with external-heat technology, makes to give gas that quality is good, calorific value is high, using value is high outward, be ideal industrial chemicals or height product fuel; And dry distillation gas can supply all outward; Coal charge is subjected to temperature lower and be heated evenly, and the tar yield is higher; The system heat sources source is wide, comprises fuel flue gases such as available low-grade fine coal, coal gas; This thermal source can send the dryer section utilization again after partition heat exchange cooling, thereby the system thermal efficiency height, and power consumption economizes; Raw coal reenters destructive distillation behind the drying and dehydrating in this process system, then moisture is low in the coal gas, and waste water generates and lacks in the purification separation process, and environmental protection treatment is simple; Self-circulation cooling mode is adopted in quenching, and the waste heat of its partition heat exchange is able to abundant recycling.This technology is suitable for the multiple type of furnace, comprises present existing vertical heater, three sections stoves, rotary kiln, meshbeltfurnace, fluidizing furnace etc.; Less demanding to going into stove coal particle size (lumpiness), and be applicable to multiple coal; System flow is succinct, easy handling control in the production run, and the industrialization construction investment relatively economizes.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the present invention when being used for upright furnace.
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the present invention when being used for rotary kiln.
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the present invention when being used for meshbeltfurnace.
The explanation of accompanying drawing 1-4 number in the figure:
1, feed stock for blast furnace coal; 2, semicoke finished product; 3, main stove (3-1, dryer section or drying oven; 3-2, retort section or gas retort; 3-3, quenching section or quenching stove); 4, fly-ash separator; 5, dry recycle blower fan; 6, emptying flue gas; 7, fly-ash separator; 8, afterheat heat exchanger; 9, coal gas cooling condensation and refining plant; 10, tar; 11, coal gas booster fan; 12-1, circulating gas; 12-2, give gas outward; 13, dividing wall type high temperature heater (HTH); 14, fly-ash separator; 15, afterheat heat exchanger; 16, recirculation blower; 17, soft water; 18, steam; 19, high-temperature flue gas; 20, low-temperature flue gas; 21, dry concurrent heating; 22, the air sealer that discharges of the coke.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
The dryer section (stove) that raw material brown coal (1) at first enter main stove (3) (3-1) in, with go into the hot flue gas adverse current of stove and contact, be heated to 150～300 ℃ (150 ℃, 200 ℃, 300 ℃ of examples) gradually, coal fully dehydrated after the retort section (stove) that sealing gland enters main stove (3) (3-2) in, with go into stove coal gas of high temperature counter current contact, continue to be heated to 400～850 ℃ (400 ℃, 600 ℃, 850 ℃ of examples), make the pyrolysis of coal destructive distillation become semicoke, overflow simultaneously coal gas and tarry vapours.The quenching section (stove) that hot semicoke enters main stove (3) again (3-3) in, contact with self-circulation cold air in the stove (coal gas or flue gas or indifferent gas) medium counter flow, semicoke is cooled to below 160 ℃ (specifically with this not spontaneous combustion of semicoke ingress of air, and being convenient to follow-up safety in transportation and storage is as the criterion), draw off semicoke product (2) through the air sealer that discharges of the coke (22);
Quenching cold air medium absorbs and to become high temperature hot gas behind the semicoke heat and draw outside the stove, whether looks its dustiness size decision through fly-ash separator (14), reenter that afterheat heat exchanger (15) is cooled to below 150 ℃ after recirculation blower (16) again closed cycle go into stove; The steam (18) that produces elevated pressures after soft water (17) and the high temperature hot gas heat exchange supplies (conversion is outer for steam value, and ton Jiao can increase sharp about 5%) outward as heat energy.
Retort section (stove) (3-2) is taken out of outside the stove in interior coal gas (containing tarry vapours) the remittance coal gas of high temperature stream of overflowing in the lump, whether look its dustiness size decision through fly-ash separator (7), after the preliminary cooling of dividing wall type afterheat heat exchanger (8), enter the coal gas cooling condensation again and refining plant (9) is separated coal gas coal-tar middle oil (10) with liquid form, dry distillation gas after the purification is after booster fan (11) boosts, a part (be equivalent to original go into stove flow) (12-1) is heated to 450～900 ℃ of (450 ℃ of examples to dividing wall type high temperature heater (HTH) (13) as thermal barrier again after dividing wall type afterheat heat exchanger (8) preheating, 700 ℃, 900 ℃) to go into stove (3-2) as the elevated temperature heat carrier and recycle, remaining part is equivalent to whole coal gas (12-2) that destructive distillation produces and can all is used for supplying outside the system.
The external high-temperature flue gas (19) of 500～1200 ℃ (500 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1200 ℃ of examples) enters dividing wall type high temperature heater (HTH) (13) heat exchange cooling back (20) and mends in the hot flue gas flow of dry recycle as drying source, whether the circulating flue gas of coming out of the stove looks its dustiness size decision through fly-ash separator (4), again through blower fan (5) boost, concurrent heating (21) fed to boiler circulation, the coal moisture that steams that is heated is discharged in the lump with emptying flue gas (6).
Dividing wall type high temperature heater (HTH) (13) is to be made or made by carbofrax material by stainless steel or high-temperature heat-resistance steel.Described stainless steel or high-temperature heat-resistance steel also can be handled through surface alloying.
Embodiment 2:
With Indonesia's brown coal is example, its thermal value of technical analysis 3480kcal/kg, and full water (MT) is 40%, empty butt water (Mad) 17.5%, ash (Aad) 2.5%, volatile matter (Vad) 40%, fixed carbon (Fcad) 40%, full sulphur (St) 0.5%.Raw coal after fragmentation is sieved with granularity dropping into the syllogic upright furnace by 500kg/h and carry out drying and carbonization and handle (referring to accompanying drawing 2) in the 5-50mm scope, control dryer section temperature is 200 ℃, the retort section temperature is 630 ℃, the quenching section is cooled to semicoke below 100 ℃ and comes out of the stove, semicoke product 182kg/h (analyze its moisture and be 5%, ash content 5.2%, volatile matter 10.5%, fixed carbon 83%).Coal gas self-circulation cooling in the quenching Duan Youlu, its circulation gas charging temperature is about 50 ℃, coming out of the stove is 400～450 ℃, circulating flow rate 165～185Nm
3/ h reclaims its heat with soft water vaporization in semicoke afterheat heat exchanger (dividing wall type), produce (pressure 1Mpa) steam 35kg/h.The heat of going into retort section is carried coal gas (680Nm
3/ h) draw in the lump outside the stove with destructive distillation coal seam effusion coal gas, get the about 19kg/h of crude tar oil through purification separation, purify coal gas and after supercharging, draw wherein 680Nm
3/ h returns retort section circulation, the about 90Nm of residual gas amount again as thermal barrier after the dividing wall type high temperature heater (HTH) is warming up to 750 ℃
3/ h does outer the confession.
Notice in the actually operating that retort section top and the pressure equilibrium between at the bottom of the dryer section control.
Sampling analysis gives gas outward, and composition is CH427.66%, CO 19.82%, H222.37%, CnHm4.20%, CO223.95%, other is about 2%, and as seen its effective constituent reaches more than 74%, calculates its calorific value and is about 4160kcal/Nm
3, be 2 times more than of traditional internal heat type dry distillation gas calorific value.
The clean high-temperature flue gas that attracts outside the system (about 950 ℃) send dryer section to make drying source after asking wall type high temperature heater (HTH) heat exchange cooling and uses, and the final emptying flue gas of dryer section (wet flue gas) temperature is about 95 ℃, and visible system waste heat is fully utilized.
All the other technologies of present embodiment are with embodiment 1.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is used for brown coal or the pyrogenous production technique of high volatile coal, it is characterized in that: high temperature carbonization coal gas as thermal barrier enter in the gas retort with stove in the coal charge transmission of heat by contact, make the coal charge pyrogenation and carbonization become semicoke, the coal gas that destructive distillation is overflowed imports in the thermal barrier coal gas and comes out of the stove in the lump, the coal gas of coming out of the stove is after cooling purifies, the a part of coal gas that is equivalent to former thermal barrier coal gas amount returns gas retort as thermal barrier and recycles after partition is heated to high temperature, the coal gas of its surplus, promptly be equivalent to the coal gas amount that destructive distillation is overflowed, do outer for using.
2. brown coal or the pyrogenous production technique of high volatile coal of being used for according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the temperature as the coal gas of high temperature of thermal barrier is 450～900 ℃; Coal charge in the gas retort is heated to 400～850 ℃.
3. brown coal or the pyrogenous production technique of high volatile coal of being used for according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the interchanger that is used for the partition heating is to be made or made by carbofrax material by stainless steel or high-temperature heat-resistance steel.
4. brown coal or the pyrogenous production technique of high volatile coal of being used for according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described stainless steel or high-temperature heat-resistance steel are the materials of handling through surface alloying.
5. brown coal or the pyrogenous production technique of high volatile coal of being used for according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the coal charge in the gas retort is the coal charge of crossing through drying treatment.
6. brown coal or the pyrogenous production technique of high volatile coal of being used for according to claim 5 is characterized in that: partition heats used high temperature heat source gas after partition heat exchange cooling, as the drying source use of coal charge.
7. brown coal or the pyrogenous production technique of high volatile coal of being used for according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described semicoke is also handled through quenching, the quenching mode adopts quenching section internal memory gas self-circulation cooling to handle, after self-circulation gas is drawn from the quenching section, be cooled to through recuperative heat exchanger and enter the quenching section below 150 ℃ again and recycle.
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Cited By (21)
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| CN102690668A (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-26 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Coal reforming system |
| CN102732274A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-10-17 | 苏州劲仑能源科技有限公司 | Brown coal dry-distillation method using coal hot air furnace to supply heat |
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| CN101113340A (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-01-30 | 万天骥 | Carbonization process of high-volatilize content coal |
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