CN101885249A - Novel sandwich composite plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel sandwich composite plate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101885249A CN101885249A CN2009100842070A CN200910084207A CN101885249A CN 101885249 A CN101885249 A CN 101885249A CN 2009100842070 A CN2009100842070 A CN 2009100842070A CN 200910084207 A CN200910084207 A CN 200910084207A CN 101885249 A CN101885249 A CN 101885249A
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- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of materials, in particular to a novel sandwich composite plate and a preparation method thereof. A technical scheme adopted by the invention relates to a novel sandwich composite plate, wherein the novel sandwich composite plate consists of an upper panel, a lower panel and a core material layer between the upper panel and the lower panel; and the upper and lower panels are directly cured and adhered with the core material layer under the lower pressure of 0.05 to 10 MPa and at the temperature of between 80 and 170 DEG C. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing a die; filling materials; performing pressure forming; heating and curing; demoulding; and the like. The novel sandwich composite plate and the preparation method thereof have the advantages of no need of using an adhesive layer, good interface adhesive effect, simple preparation process and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the material technology field, particularly a kind of sandwich composite board and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Sandwich composite board is generally by top panel, lower panel be between the upper and lower panel core to forming, its preparation method generally is that top panel, lower panel and core is earlier glued together, hot-forming then, also there is glue-line between plate and lower panel and the core layer in the above; Or the surfacing material selection material that has adhesivity and can be heating and curing, then can not use glue-line, utilize the residual gum viscosity of panel material, directly hot pressing forms.
Polymer matrix composites because of its unique high strength, high-modulus, shock-resistant, corrosion-resistant, can realize performances such as high flame retardant, be considered to ideal material, but also have very big defective simultaneously with the sandwich composite board of traditional handicraft manufacturing as the sandwich composite panel.Generally be first, adopt the sandwich composite board gluing, that hot press forming technology prepares with the core material again with technological forming composite material faces such as mold pressing, lamination, RTM, hand pastes.Because core is generally cellular material, withstand voltage properties is not high, but it is firmly bonding in order to make between core and the plate face, then must apply enough pressure, if but pressure is crossed and can destroy the structure of core, therefore, this way can cause the junction of upper and lower panel and core easily produce because of adhesive effect is bad layering defective, make the shortcomings such as bulk strength reduction of the branch product of composite plate, simultaneously, when preparing the parts of curved surface complexity as need, this secondary forming process is difficult to the assurance panel layer and core layer curved surface realized good fit.
But adopt the material that solidifies as post bake such as phenolic aldehyde prepreg, epoxy prepregs as surface layer, stick with glue though need not make separately, these materials are in order to guarantee the intensity of material, and resin content can not be too high, and the not high cementability that can cause of resin content is relatively poor; Simultaneously because the affinity of preimpregnation material on core is poor, cause its bond area with core little, also reduced the cementability between surface layer and the core, being difficult to pressurize by heating makes the very strong sandwich composite board of interlayer structure; In addition, these soak material because the restriction of physical property can not add additives such as fire retardant, and panel prepreg material cost is higher, is unsuitable for extensive popularization.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides and a kind ofly need not use glue-line, bonding interface is good, and preparation technology is simple and easy, lower-cost novel sandwich composite plate.
Another object of the present invention provides the method for this novel sandwich composite plate of preparation.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is a kind of novel sandwich composite plate, described composite plate is by top panel, lower panel and be between the upper and lower panel core layer and form, described upper and lower panel is under the pressure of 0.05-10MPa with being connected of core layer, directly solidifies bonding down at 80-170 ℃.
The material of described upper and lower panel is a sheet molding compound.
Described sheet molding compound contain fiber glass reinforcement or/and fire retardant or/and low shrinkage additive or/and wetting dispersing agent or/and interior rubber moulding agent or/and colouring agent or/and mill base.
Described sheet molding compound is the unsaturated polyester resin based composites behind the prethickening.
Described core layer is the sheet material that aluminium honeycomb, frp honeycomb, aramid fiber paper wasp nest, thermoplastic honeycomb, polyurethane foam, phenol formaldehyde foam, polyimide foam, foaming metal, wooden boards, PVC wood are moulded plate, formed with inorganic filler and binder compacting.
A kind of preparation method of novel sandwich composite plate is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The first step, preparation mould: preparation model cavity shape meets the mould with heat endurance of shape of product requirement, described mould be monomer open type mould or be divided into mold and the open type of bed die to the mould mould;
Second step, packing material: earlier the lower panel material is positioned in the model cavity of described mould, place the core layer material again, place the top panel material at last, form mold system, described mold system is a monomer mold system or to the mould mold system, the described mold that covers behind the packing material that the mould mold system is comprised;
The 3rd the step, extrusion forming: by pressurized equipment to described to the extrusion forming of mould mold system; Or coat with described monomer mold system or to the mould mold system with the sealing gland film, form sealing gland film-mold system, more described sealing gland film-mold system is inhaled vacuum, produce briquetting pressure, carry out vacuum forming; Or described sealing gland film-mold system is applied briquetting pressure, extrusion forming by pressurized equipment; Described briquetting pressure is between 0.05-10MPa;
The 4th goes on foot, is heating and curing: described mold system or sealing gland film-mold system are heating and curing, and solidification temperature is between 80-170 ℃, and be 1-60min hardening time;
The 5th step, the striping demoulding: remove the demoulding behind the sealing gland film after the curing.
Described sealing gland film is vacuum bag, polybag, sealing joint strip.
The described first step prepares mould has also increased the operation of coating releasing agent or laying barrier film to mould inner surface after finishing.
Described bed die to the mould mould is a die hard, and mold is die hard or soft mold.
After finishing, described the 5th step striping demoulding increased the postprocessing working procedures that composite plate is polished, sprayed.
Compare with present technology, beneficial effect of the present invention shows as:
1, the present invention adopts that upper and lower panel and core layer are directly carried out low pressure curing type is bonding, realized the good bonding at interface, the glue-line that has not had the connection effect in the composite plate, therefore, overcome the defective that easily produces layering because of the junction of upper and lower panel and core, thereby effectively improved the bulk strength of the downstream product of composite plate, simultaneously because of adhesive effect is bad, even during the parts of preparation curved surface complexity, also can guarantee the good bond of panel layer and core layer curved surface.
2, the material selection sheet molding compound of upper and lower panel of the present invention, especially selected the sheet molding compound that can under low pressure carry out heat cure for use, and this material has fabulous affinity, can effectively increase the contact area of itself and core material, thereby enhancing cohesive, its beneficial effect shows as: the first, for honeycomb class core, goods are in pressure process, the surface layer sheet molding compound can infiltrate between the honeycomb lattice, has good infiltration with the honeycomb partition, and bond area is bigger, utilize sheet molding compound to be heating and curing after, can realize higher bonding of intensity; The second, for the core of foaming kind rough surface porous, sheet molding compound can infiltrate in the core space during pressurized, heated, utilizes the bonding force that sheet molding compound solidifies generation to realize the bonding of higher-strength; Three, for the flat-type material of surface compact, can carry out surface treatment, to its wellability, utilize sheet molding compound to solidify the bonding force that produces and to realize good bonding when realizing the sheet molding compound heated condition core.
3, surfacing material selection sheet molding compound can add glass fibre and strengthen, and can realize the intensity that surface layer is higher; Can realize its high flame retardant and low smokiness energy by interpolation fire retardant, fire-retardant filler; Can realize the functional of its aspect such as anti-aging by adding function additives such as age resister; Maybe can improve other performances of product by interpolation wetting dispersing agent, interior rubber moulding agent, colouring agent or mill base etc.
4, this core filled composite material adopts low pressure molding, does not need large-scale pressurized equipment and withstand voltage mould, therefore can manufacturing dimension surpasses the large-scale sandwich composite board goods of press mesa dimensions; And can prepare the product of the littler light-duty core material of resistance to pressure; And can energy savings, reduce cost.
The specific embodiment
Below the present invention is done to describe more specifically:
Novel sandwich composite plate of the present invention is by top panel, lower panel and be between the upper and lower panel core layer and form, and upper and lower panel is under the low pressure of 0.05-10MPa with being connected of core layer, and 80-170 ℃ directly curing is bonding down.Described sheet molding compound preferred lower pressure sheet molding compound, also claim low pressure SMC (sheet molding compound) material, it is behind a kind of prethickening, contain fiber glass reinforcement and such as functional fillers such as fire retardant, low shrinkage additive, wetting dispersing agent, interior rubber moulding agent, colouring agent or mill base, unsaturated polyester resin based composites semi-finished product, the characteristics that have the pressurization conformal, are heating and curing.Compare to common sheet molding compound, it is lower that it has viscosity, is plastic characteristics under lower pressure.Play weight reduction in the core layer sandwich composite board of the present invention, improve bending stiffness, effect such as heat insulation, sound insulation.Cellular materials such as the material of core layer can the aluminium honeycomb, frp honeycomb, Nomex (aramid fiber paper) honeycomb, thermoplastic honeycomb, also can select for use as expanded materials such as polyurethane foam, phenol formaldehyde foam, polyimide foam, foaming metals, also can select for use as wooden boards, PVC wood and mould plate, the sheet material that forms with the compacting of inorganic filler and binder, suppress the materials such as sheet material that form with filler and binder with expanding materials such as perlites.
Novel sandwich composite plate of the present invention specifically can be prepared according to following steps:
1, make mould: mould can be one and go up uncovered monomer mould, also can be to be divided into mold, the two-part open type of bed die to the mould mould, the die hard of bed die for making by hard material, mold can be the die hard that adopts hard material to make, it also can be the soft mold that adopts soft material to make, its cavity shape is shape of product behind the die assembly, and mould requires to have good heat endurance.As product is flat panel products, can adopt sheet materials such as metallic plate, glass plate as mould.Open type described here is to the mould mould, and it mainly acts on shape and the surface smoothness that is to guarantee product under the situation of lower pressure, and therefore, mould should have the characteristics that wall is thin, heat conduction is good.For the goods that certain surface modeling is arranged, counterdie can adopt the curved surface sheet metal that has reinforcement or strengthen base, and patrix adopts corresponding monolithic curved surface sheet metal, and sandwich composite board shop coating systems then plays the effect of die space up and down of supporting.Because moulding under low pressure, bed die only need simple reinforcement can guarantee that mould is indeformable, thereby the heat conductivity of easier raising mould reduces die manufacturing cost.
And then film for ready mould or spread film, in mould mold cavity surface spraying up and down or brush releasing agent, be flat plate mold as mould, also barrier material such as available polyethylene film replaces releasing agent.
2, packing material: according to the requirement of mould size and product, an amount of synusia shape moulding compound is positioned over the surface counterdie mold cavity surface of releasing agent or barrier film is arranged as the product lower panel, place the core layer material, place the several layers sheet molding compound again as the sandwich composite board top panel, form a mold system, mold system can be divided into the monomer mold system or to the mould mold system, certainly, to covering the mold that there are releasing agent or barrier film in the surface behind the mould mold system packing material, it is positioned over sandwich composite board top panel sheet molding compound top.Certainly,, then need not cover mold again, but directly carry out next operation down if select uncovered single mold for use.
3, extrusion forming: with the sealing gland film that can carry out sealing gland, the sealing gland film can be selected vacuum bag, polybag, sealing joint strip, vacuum tube etc. for use, be preferably vacuum bag, the mold system of above-mentioned populated material coated, then by pressurized equipment to described mold system extrusion forming; Also can be by pressurized equipment to this sealing gland film (vacuum bag) mold system pressurization, assistant formation.Inhale vacuum, form negative pressure, pressure is generally between the 0.05-0.1MPa, and this extrusion forming is simple employing vacuum bag compression system, and the pressure of maximum 0.1MPa can be provided.Certainly, if the voltage endurance capability of core layer is strong, also can adopts and utilize gravity or press device that the vacuum bag system is pressurizeed once more, thereby obtain bigger pressure, pressure is reached about 10MPa, can improve the glossiness of product like this, guarantee the flatness of product simultaneously.Certainly, also can not use the sealing gland film, directly with pressurized equipment to populated material and covered the mold lid the mould mold system is carried out extrusion forming.Should be noted that described sealing gland film simultaneously, should be able to satisfy such as materials such as vacuum bag, sealing joint strip, vacuum tubes and add heat request.
4, be heating and curing: above-mentioned mold system or vacuum bag-mold system are heating and curing, be heating and curing and adopt as heating places such as baking oven, drying rooms to be that medium pressurizes with the air to vacuum bag-mold system, also can to heat vacuum bag-mold system upper and lower surface with firing equipments such as heating plate or heating moulds.Described heating-up temperature is 80-170 ℃, and concrete temperature should be decided according to product surface thickness and sheet molding compound solidifying requirements.Be 1-60min described heat time heating time, and the concrete time decides according to product surface thickness and sheet molding compound solidifying requirements.Described heated pressure is 0.05MPa-10MPa, and concrete pressure is decided according to the sandwich material kind.As the core layer material is cellular material etc. and surface layer contact area materials with smaller, should adopt less pressure, is sheet material class and the bigger material of surface layer contact area as the core layer material, can adopt bigger pressure.
5, remove vacuum bag after solidifying, the demoulding, to composite plate polish, post processing such as spraying.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention done further explanation:
Embodiment 1:
The upper and lower panel material is 2 synusia shape moulding compounds (thickness in monolayer is 2mm), and the short-and-medium fiber content of cutting of sheet molding compound is 20%, and filling aluminium hydrate content is 60%; It is that 3mm, aluminum foil thickness 0.05mm, honeycomb integral thickness are the aluminium honeycomb of 20mm that core is selected back gauge for use; Mould is two aluminium sheets that thickness is 2mm.Barrier film adopts the PE film, and pressuring method is that vacuum bag pressurization, pressure are 0.1MPa, and mode of heating is the heating of baking oven hot atmosphere, heat time heating time 20min, oven temperature is 120 ℃.
The performance of above-mentioned sandwich composite board is after tested: density is 12.4kg/m
2, concora crush intensity 4.2MPa, bending strength 37MPa, impact strength 10KJ/m
2, oxygen index (OI) 57.1%.
Embodiment 2:
The upper and lower panel material is 1 synusia shape moulding compound (thickness in monolayer is 2mm), and the short-and-medium fiber content of cutting of sheet molding compound is 20%, and filling aluminium hydrate content is 45%; It is that 6mm, grid thickness 0.2mm, honeycomb integral thickness are the Nomex honeycomb of 20mm that the core layer material is selected back gauge for use; Mould is two aluminium sheets that thickness is 2mm.Barrier film adopts the PE film, and pressuring method is that vacuum bag pressurization, pressure are 0.1MPa, and mode of heating is the heating of baking oven hot gas, heat time heating time 30min, oven temperature is 120 ℃.
The performance of above-mentioned sandwich composite board is after tested: density is 7kg/m
2, concora crush intensity 3.2MPa, bending strength 31MPa, impact strength 8KJ/m
2, oxygen index (OI) 42.1%.
Embodiment 3:
The upper and lower panel material is 2 synusia shape moulding compounds (thickness in monolayer is 2mm), and the short-and-medium fiber content of cutting of sheet molding compound is 20%, and filling aluminium hydrate content is 45%; It is 20mm that the core layer material is selected thickness for use, and density is 3kg/m
2The polyimide foam plate; Mould is two aluminium sheets that thickness is 2mm.Barrier film adopts the PE film, and pressuring method is that the pressurization of laminating machine assisted vacuum bag, pressure are 2MPa, and mode of heating is the heating of laminating machine heating plate, heat time heating time 6min, oven temperature is 120 ℃.
The performance of above-mentioned sandwich composite board is after tested: density is 16.5kg/m
2, concora crush intensity 15.2MPa, bending strength 45MPa, impact strength 15KJ/m
2, oxygen index (OI) 43.5%.
Embodiment 4:
The upper and lower panel material is 3 synusia shape moulding compounds (thickness in monolayer is 2mm), and the short-and-medium fiber content of cutting of sheet molding compound is 20%, and filling aluminium hydrate content is 60%; It is that 2mm, aluminum foil thickness 0.05mm, honeycomb integral thickness are the aluminium honeycomb of 20mm that the core layer material is selected back gauge for use; Mould is two aluminium sheets that thickness is 2mm.Barrier film adopts the PE film, and pressuring method is that vacuum bag pressurization, pressure are 2MPa, and mode of heating is the heating of baking oven hot gas, heat time heating time 30min, oven temperature is 80 ℃.
The performance of above-mentioned sandwich composite board is after tested: density is 16.4kg/m
2, concora crush intensity 7.2MPa, bending strength 56MPa, impact strength 16KJ/m
2, oxygen index (OI) 57%.
Embodiment 5:
The upper and lower panel material is 1 synusia shape moulding compound (thickness in monolayer is 2mm), and the short-and-medium fiber content of cutting of sheet molding compound is 20%, and filling aluminium hydrate content is 45%; It is that 3mm, grid thickness 0.2mm, honeycomb integral thickness are the Nomex honeycomb of 20mm that core is selected back gauge for use; Mould is two aluminium sheets that thickness is 2mm.Barrier film adopts the PE film, and pressuring method is that vacuum bag pressurization, pressure are 1MPa, and mode of heating is the heating of baking oven hot gas, heat time heating time 50min, oven temperature is 120 ℃.
The performance of above-mentioned sandwich composite board is after tested: density is 8kg/m
2, concora crush intensity 6.2MPa, bending strength 45MPa, impact strength 13KJ/m
2, oxygen index (OI) 42%.
Embodiment 6:
The upper and lower panel material is 2 synusia shape moulding compounds (thickness in monolayer is 2mm), and the short-and-medium fiber content of cutting of sheet molding compound is 20%, and filling aluminium hydrate content is 45%; It is 20mm that core is selected thickness for use, and surface density is 4kg/m
2The bonding moulded board of perlite/inorganic filler; Mould is two aluminium sheets that thickness is 2mm.Barrier film adopts the PE film, and pressuring method is that the pressurization of laminating machine assisted vacuum bag, pressure are 6MPa, and mode of heating is the heating of laminating machine heating plate, heat time heating time 3min, oven temperature is 170 ℃.
The performance of above-mentioned sandwich composite board is after tested: density is 16.5kg/m
2, concora crush intensity 15.2MPa, bending strength 45MPa, impact strength 15KJ/m
2, oxygen index (OI) 43.5%.
Above-described embodiment is the more preferably specific embodiment of the present invention, and common variation that those skilled in the art carries out in the technical solution of the present invention scope and replacement all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. novel sandwich composite plate, described composite plate is by top panel, lower panel and be between the upper and lower panel core layer and form, it is characterized in that described upper and lower panel is under the pressure of 0.05-10MPa with being connected of core layer, directly solidify bonding down at 80-170 ℃.
2. a kind of novel sandwich composite plate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the material of described upper and lower panel is a sheet molding compound.
3. a kind of novel sandwich composite plate according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described sheet molding compound contain fiber glass reinforcement or/and fire retardant or/and low shrinkage additive or/and wetting dispersing agent or/and interior rubber moulding agent or/and colouring agent or/and mill base.
4. a kind of novel sandwich composite plate according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described sheet molding compound is the unsaturated polyester resin based composites behind the prethickening.
5. a kind of novel sandwich composite plate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described core layer is the sheet material that aluminium honeycomb, frp honeycomb, aramid fiber paper wasp nest, thermoplastic honeycomb, polyurethane foam, phenol formaldehyde foam, polyimide foam, foaming metal, wooden boards, PVC wood are moulded plate, formed with inorganic filler and binder compacting.
6. the preparation method of each described a kind of novel sandwich composite plate of claim power 1-5 is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The first step, preparation mould: preparation model cavity shape meets the mould with heat endurance of shape of product requirement, described mould be monomer open type mould or be divided into mold and the open type of bed die to the mould mould;
Second step, packing material: earlier the lower panel material is positioned in the model cavity of described mould, place the core layer material again, place the top panel material at last, form mold system, described mold system is a monomer mold system or to the mould mold system, the described mold that covers behind the packing material that the mould mold system is comprised;
The 3rd the step, extrusion forming: by pressurized equipment to described to the extrusion forming of mould mold system; Or coat with described monomer mold system or to the mould mold system with the sealing gland film, form sealing gland film-mold system, more described sealing gland film-mold system is inhaled vacuum, produce briquetting pressure, carry out vacuum forming; Or described sealing gland film-mold system is applied briquetting pressure, extrusion forming by pressurized equipment; Described briquetting pressure is between 0.05-10MPa;
The 4th goes on foot, is heating and curing: described mold system or sealing gland film-mold system are heating and curing, and solidification temperature is between 80-170 ℃, and be 1-60min hardening time;
The 5th step, the striping demoulding: remove the demoulding behind the sealing gland film after the curing.
7. claim is weighed the preparation method of 6 described a kind of novel sandwich composite plates, it is characterized in that, described sealing gland film is vacuum bag, polybag, sealing joint strip.
8. claim is weighed the preparation method of 6 described a kind of novel sandwich composite plates, it is characterized in that, the described first step prepares mould has also increased the operation of coating releasing agent or laying barrier film to mould inner surface after finishing.
9. claim is weighed the preparation method of 6 described a kind of novel sandwich composite plates, it is characterized in that, described bed die to the mould mould is a die hard, and mold is die hard or soft mold.
10. claim is weighed the preparation method of 9 described a kind of novel sandwich composite plates, it is characterized in that, has increased the postprocessing working procedures that composite plate is polished, sprayed after described the 5th step striping demoulding is finished.
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Application publication date: 20101117 |