CN101864306A - A kind of preparation method of double tungstate red fluorescent powder - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of double tungstate red fluorescent powder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101864306A CN101864306A CN 201010217275 CN201010217275A CN101864306A CN 101864306 A CN101864306 A CN 101864306A CN 201010217275 CN201010217275 CN 201010217275 CN 201010217275 A CN201010217275 A CN 201010217275A CN 101864306 A CN101864306 A CN 101864306A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- powder
- product
- deionized water
- nitric acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- AEBZCFFCDTZXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Eu+3].[Eu+3] AEBZCFFCDTZXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 229910001940 europium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 yttrium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004520 agglutination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940001516 sodium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910019990 cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003836 solid-state method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种双钨酸盐红色荧光粉的制备方法，包括如下步骤：(1)将氧化铕和氧化钇溶于浓硝酸，加热搅拌至完全溶解，继续加热，使多余的浓硝酸尽可能完全挥发，然后加入去离子水，得溶液A；将尿素、硝酸钠和钨酸氨溶于去离子水中，加热搅拌得溶液B；将B溶液滴加到A溶液中，加热搅拌约1小时，溶液蒸干成胶状物质；(2)将胶状物质转移到400～550℃的加热炉中，保温5～7分钟取出；将燃烧后的颗粒状物质研磨成粉状，然后对粉状产物在700～900℃煅烧2～3小时，产物再一次研磨，得到产品。本发明粉体结晶性好，合成粉体粒度小；合成温度低，反应速度快，生产周期短；其制备过程所需设备简单，易于实施，更适于大规模生产。
The invention discloses a preparation method of double tungstate red fluorescent powder, which comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving europium oxide and yttrium oxide in concentrated nitric acid, heating and stirring until they are completely dissolved, and continuing heating to make the redundant concentrated nitric acid It may be completely volatile, then add deionized water to obtain solution A; dissolve urea, sodium nitrate and ammonium tungstate in deionized water, heat and stir to obtain solution B; add B solution to A solution dropwise, heat and stir for about 1 hour , the solution is evaporated to dryness into a colloidal substance; (2) the colloidal substance is transferred to a heating furnace at 400-550° C., kept for 5-7 minutes and taken out; the burned granular substance is ground into powder, and then the powdery The product is calcined at 700-900° C. for 2-3 hours, and the product is ground again to obtain the product. The powder of the invention has good crystallinity, small particle size of the synthesized powder, low synthesis temperature, fast reaction speed and short production cycle; the preparation process requires simple equipment, is easy to implement, and is more suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of LED red fluorescence powder material synthesis technology, especially relating to a kind of double-tungstate is the preparation method of the photoluminescence red fluorescence powder of matrix.
Background technology
Photodiode (LED) light source has life-span length, safe low pressure, energy-saving and environmental protection, advantage such as efficient as light source of new generation, has caused people's extensive concern, has a wide range of applications in fields such as White-light LED illumination, the demonstrations of LED plane.White light LEDs be called as the 4th generation lighting source, the huge market is arranged.And in the led light source, the kind of fluorescent material, preparation and performance thereof have determined the critical technical parameters such as luminescent spectrum, luminous efficiency, colour rendering index, colour temperature and work-ing life of white light LEDs.Therefore, fluorescent material has critical role in the white light LEDs technology.
At present, White LED light source commonly used generally adopts blue-light LED chip, mixes yellow YAG:Ce fluorescent material and realizes.Shortcomings such as but also there is following shortcoming in this light source: colour rendering index is low, colour temperature is high, and it is serious to decay, these drawbacks limit its application at lighting field.Another scheme adopts (closely) ultraviolet LED chip exactly, and mixing three primary colors fluorescent powder can address this problem fully.Yet at present the performance of the red fluorescence powder in the three primary colors fluorescent powder can't be mentioned in the same breath with blue, green emitting phosphor performance, lacks the high light efficiency red fluorescence powder that can effectively be excited by existing blue light and ultraviolet leds chip.Red fluorescence material just develops towards directions such as high stability, high-level efficiency, high color purities, to satisfy the needs of White-light LED illumination development.Y
2O
3: Eu
3+Higher as the commercial red fluorescence powder cost of using at present, and adopt high temperature solid-state method or hydrothermal method production more, the required equipment complexity, poor repeatability, the cost height is not easy to suitability for industrialized production.So the widespread use in illumination and demonstration field has very important meaning to LED to seek novel, efficient, cheap red fluorescence powder.
Tungstate is typical self-activating luminescent material, and its luminescent spectrum is very stable, and the intrinsic photoluminescent band is very wide.Rare earth doped tungstate is paid close attention to widely as phosphor material powder.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of preparing double-tungstate red fluorescent powder.The chemical formula of the red fluorescence powder that this method is produced is NaY
1-xEu
x(WO
4)
2This method required equipment is simple, good reproducibility, and cost is low, is easy to suitability for industrialized production; Described NaY
1-xEu
x(WO
4)
2Tungstate red fluorescent powder is before the present invention, and not seeing has document to adopt the combustion method gained, and the gained red fluorescence powder can be realized strong 617nm red emission under the exciting of 270nm, 394nm, can be used as red fluorescence powder and be applied to the LED lighting field.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of preparing double-tungstate red fluorescent powder of the present invention comprises the steps:
1) 0.00025～0.003125mol europium sesquioxide and 0～0.001875mol yttrium oxide are dissolved in concentrated nitric acid, till heated and stirred to europium sesquioxide and yttrium oxide dissolves fully, continue heating, unnecessary concentrated nitric acid is volatilized away as far as possible fully, add the 10ml deionized water then, get solution A;
2) 0.0033mol urea, 0.005mol SODIUMNITRATE and 0.01mol wolframic acid ammonia are dissolved in the 10ml deionized water, the heated and stirred dissolving obtains solution B; B solution is dropwise joined in the A solution, dropwise the back and stirred 50～70 minutes, then with the mixing solutions evaporate to dryness agglutination substance C of A and B;
3) will obtain gelatinoid C and transfer in the process furnace that is preheating to 400～550 ℃, take out the particulate material after obtaining burning in 5～7 minutes;
4) particulate material after will burning grinds to form powdery, then powdered product is carried out 700～900 ℃ of calcinings 2～3 hours, and products therefrom is ground again, can obtain product of the present invention;
The ratio of the tungsten ion mole number in the described solution A in the mole number sum of ruthenium ion and europium ion and the solution B is 1: 2.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) process is simple, and is easy to implement, can reduce the chance of introducing impurity, thereby can not influence the purity of product.
(2) powder good crystallinity, the synthetic powder granularity is little; Synthesis temperature is low, and speed of response is fast, and is with short production cycle; So required equipment is simple, be more suitable for scale operation.
(3) gained fluorescent material excites down at 270nm, 394nm, can realize strong 617nm red emission, can be used as red fluorescence powder and is applied to the LED lighting field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the NaY of example 1 combustion method preparation
1-xEu
x(WO
4)
2(x=0.25) the X-ray powder diffraction figure of red LED fluorescent material;
Fig. 2 is the NaY of example 1 combustion method preparation
1-xEu
x(WO
4)
2(x=0.25) emmission spectrum of red LED fluorescent material under 270nm excites.
Embodiment
In order to show substantive distinguishing features of the present invention and marked improvement, further specify embodiment and effect with following indefiniteness embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparing double-tungstate red fluorescent powder comprises the steps:
1) 0.003125mol europium sesquioxide and 0.001875mol yttrium oxide are dissolved in concentrated nitric acid, till heated and stirred to europium sesquioxide and yttrium oxide dissolves fully, continue heating, unnecessary concentrated nitric acid is volatilized away as far as possible fully, add the 10ml deionized water then, get solution A;
2) 0.0033mol urea, 0.005mol SODIUMNITRATE and 0.01mol wolframic acid ammonia are dissolved in the 10ml deionized water, the heated and stirred dissolving obtains solution B; B solution is dropwise joined in the A solution, dropwise the back and stirred 50 minutes, then with the mixing solutions evaporate to dryness agglutination substance C of A and B;
3) will obtain gelatinoid C and transfer in the retort furnace that is preheating to 500 ℃, take out the particulate material after obtaining burning in 7 minutes;
4) particulate material after will burning grinds to form powdery, then powdered product is carried out 900 ℃ of calcinings 3 hours, and products therefrom is ground again, obtains the red NaY of product of the present invention
0.75Eu
0.25(WO
4)
2Fluorescent material.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparing double-tungstate red fluorescent powder comprises the steps:
1) 0.003125mol europium sesquioxide and 0.001875mol yttrium oxide are dissolved in concentrated nitric acid, till heated and stirred to europium sesquioxide and yttrium oxide dissolves fully, continue heating, unnecessary concentrated nitric acid is volatilized away as far as possible fully, add the 10ml deionized water then, get solution A;
2) 0.0033mol urea, 0.005mol SODIUMNITRATE and 0.01mol wolframic acid ammonia are dissolved in the 10ml deionized water, the heated and stirred dissolving obtains solution B; B solution is dropwise joined in the A solution, dropwise the back and stirred 60 minutes, then with the mixing solutions evaporate to dryness agglutination substance C of A and B;
3) will obtain gelatinoid C and transfer in the retort furnace that is preheating to 520 ℃, take out the particulate material after obtaining burning in 6 minutes;
4) particulate material after will burning grinds to form powdery, then powdered product is carried out 800 ℃ of calcinings 2.5 hours, and products therefrom is ground again, obtains the red NaY of product of the present invention
0.75Eu
0.25(WO
4)
2Fluorescent material.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparing double-tungstate red fluorescent powder comprises the steps:
1) 0.003125mol europium sesquioxide and 0.001875mol yttrium oxide are dissolved in concentrated nitric acid, till heated and stirred to europium sesquioxide and yttrium oxide dissolves fully, continue heating, unnecessary concentrated nitric acid is volatilized away as far as possible fully, add the 10ml deionized water then, get solution A;
2) 0.0033mol urea, 0.005mol SODIUMNITRATE and 0.01mol wolframic acid ammonia are dissolved in the 10ml deionized water, the heated and stirred dissolving obtains solution B; B solution is dropwise joined in the A solution, dropwise the back and stirred 70 minutes, then with the mixing solutions evaporate to dryness agglutination substance C of A and B;
3) will obtain gelatinoid C and transfer in the retort furnace that is preheating to 550 ℃, take out the particulate material after obtaining burning in 7 minutes;
4) particulate material after will burning grinds to form powdery, then powdered product is carried out 700 ℃ of calcinings 2 hours, and products therefrom is ground again, obtains the red NaY of product of the present invention
0.75Eu
0.25(WO
4)
2Fluorescent material.
Embodiment 4-9
The process of embodiment 4-9 is consistent with embodiment 1, just the proportioning difference of initial substance, specifically proportioning such as following table:
Pass through sign, learn that luminous intensity is the strongest during x=0.25 under 9 ℃ the sample that obtains.Life-span, gained fluorescent material excited down at 270nm, 394nm, can realize strong 617nm red emission, can be used as red fluorescence powder and is applied to the LED lighting field, also can be used for the flat pannel display field on average at 0.6ms.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention only is for example of the present invention clearly is described, and is not to be qualification to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here can't give exhaustive to all embodiments.Everyly belong to the row that conspicuous variation that technical scheme of the present invention extends out or change still are in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010217275 CN101864306A (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2010-07-05 | A kind of preparation method of double tungstate red fluorescent powder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010217275 CN101864306A (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2010-07-05 | A kind of preparation method of double tungstate red fluorescent powder |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101864306A true CN101864306A (en) | 2010-10-20 |
Family
ID=42956236
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010217275 Pending CN101864306A (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2010-07-05 | A kind of preparation method of double tungstate red fluorescent powder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101864306A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102417815A (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2012-04-18 | 上海师范大学 | A kind of rare earth tungstate phosphor matrix and its preparation method and application |
| CN104371719A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-02-25 | 安徽理工大学 | Double-perovskite tungsten molybdate red fluorescent powder for white light LED and preparation method of double-perovskite tungsten molybdate red fluorescent powder |
| CN108976869A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-11 | 安徽信达家居有限公司 | A kind of environmentally friendly luminescent coating suitable for wood finishing |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1400193A (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-03-05 | 通用电气公司 | Flashing agent composite of alkali metal and rare earth metal tungstate |
| WO2009059677A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Method for the production of coated luminescent substances |
-
2010
- 2010-07-05 CN CN 201010217275 patent/CN101864306A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1400193A (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-03-05 | 通用电气公司 | Flashing agent composite of alkali metal and rare earth metal tungstate |
| WO2009059677A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Method for the production of coated luminescent substances |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 《Optics & Laser Technology》 20100506 Ying Guo, et al. Luminescent properties of Eu3+ activated tungstate based novel red-emitting phosphors 第1328-1331页 第42卷, * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102417815A (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2012-04-18 | 上海师范大学 | A kind of rare earth tungstate phosphor matrix and its preparation method and application |
| CN104371719A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-02-25 | 安徽理工大学 | Double-perovskite tungsten molybdate red fluorescent powder for white light LED and preparation method of double-perovskite tungsten molybdate red fluorescent powder |
| CN108976869A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-11 | 安徽信达家居有限公司 | A kind of environmentally friendly luminescent coating suitable for wood finishing |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Dong et al. | Site occupation and luminescence of novel orange-red Ca3M2Ge3O12: Mn2+, Mn4+ (M= Al, Ga) phosphors | |
| CN102634340B (en) | Double-perovskite red fluorescent powder for white light LED and preparation method thereof | |
| Yongqing et al. | Properties of red-emitting phosphors Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu3+ prepared by gel-combustion method assisted by microwave | |
| CN103146385A (en) | Double-doped double-perovskite red fluorescent powder and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103484112B (en) | Rare-earth europium-activated single-component white-light fluorescent powder and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103160278A (en) | Red long-lasting phosphor material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101445729B (en) | Preparation method of phosphor powder for white LED | |
| CN109021973B (en) | A kind of double perovskite molybdate red phosphor and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101402857A (en) | Red luminous material for LED and producing process thereof | |
| CN103305221A (en) | A kind of Eu3+ doped vanadate fluorescent material, preparation method and application | |
| CN105112056B (en) | A kind of Er3+, Yb3+It is co-doped with NaYF4The preparation method of fluorescent material | |
| CN101864306A (en) | A kind of preparation method of double tungstate red fluorescent powder | |
| CN104893724B (en) | A kind of efficient yellow fluorescent powder of new garnet-base | |
| CN106635012A (en) | Composite perovskite red fluorescent powder for white-light LEDs (light-emitting diodes) and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101974327A (en) | A kind of preparation method of CaMoO4:Eu3+, Li+ red phosphor | |
| CN104830335B (en) | A kind of borate base fluorescent powder of europium doping and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103224794A (en) | Near ultraviolet excitation type red phosphor and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101864307A (en) | A kind of preparation method of double tungstate green fluorescent powder | |
| CN103113890B (en) | Composite fluorescent material for double-doped white light LED (light-emitting diode) and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113845913B (en) | Garnet-based multimode fluorescent anti-counterfeiting material excited by blue light and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107312537B (en) | A kind of rare earth-boron Tungstate fluorescent powder and its preparation method and application | |
| CN106497553B (en) | A kind of Ho3+/Yb3+/Gd3+ co-doped zinc oxide up-conversion light-emitting material and preparation method | |
| CN106010528B (en) | Bismuth and manganese doped blue fluorescent powder and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN112322292B (en) | Eu3+ doped fluorescent material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106635011A (en) | Trigonal double perovskite red fluorescent powder for white light LED (Light Emitting Diode) and preparation method of trigonal double perovskite red fluorescent powder |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20101020 |